Abantu abaphethwe sisifo esibuhlungu besifo se- asthma bahlala befumana iimpawu ze-asthma yonke imihla ngemihla kwaye banamaxesha amaninzi iimpawu ebusuku. Ezi zimpawu zenza umlinganiselo wokusebenza komzimba.
Uhlumo lwe-Asthma
Ukuhlelwa kwesifo se-asthma kusekelwe ekuxininiseni kwimeko. Uhlumo luchongwa ngu:
- Uhlobo lweempawu (ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuvutha, ukuqina kwesifuba, nokukhwehlela) isigulane sibonisa ngaphambi kokuba unyango
- Isixa kunye nesantya somoya isigulane sinokuvuthela (esinqunywe ngokuqhuba uvavanyo lomsebenzi wamaphaphu okanye uvavanyo lomsebenzi wamapulmoni )
- Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umntu kwisigaba esiphi na isifo se-asthma angakwazi ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma ekhuselekileyo, kungekhona nje abo bahlushwa yi-asthma eqhubekayo.
Ukwahlula kunokutshintsha ixesha kunye ne-asthma kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-4 ubudala kunzima ukuyixilonga nokukwahlula, njengoko iimpawu zingahluke kwi-asthma kwizigulane ezigugile.
I-asthma iye yahlulwa kwii-4 zilandelayo, kwi-National National Asthma Education and Prevention Programme:
I-asthma engapheliyo
I-asthma ithathwa njengento ephakathi xa kungekho naluphi na olu lulandelayo lwenyaniso:
- Izibonakaliso zenzeka iintsuku ezimbini okanye ngaphantsi kweveki kwaye aziphazamisi imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.
- Izimpawu zobusuku zenzeka iintsuku ezimbini okanye ngaphantsi ngenyanga.
- Xa ungenaso ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba se-asthma, iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu ziqhelekileyo (kuma-80 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwexabiso elindelekileyo) kwaye ziyahlukahluka ukususela ekuseni ukuya emva.
Ubunzima bokusasazeka
I-asthma ibonwa njengento ephilileyo xa kungekho unyango naluphi na olu lulandelayo:
- Izibonakaliso zenzeka ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini ngeveki, kodwa kungekhona imihla yonke, kwaye iimpawu zobusuku zivela ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngenyanga.
- Uhlaselo lwe-asthma luphazamisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla.
- ImiSebenzi yoLungiso iyinto evamile xa ingahlaselwa (iimvavanyo ezingama-80 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwexabiso elilindelekileyo) kwaye iyakwazi ukuhlula inani elincinci ukususela ekuseni ukuya emva.
I-Asthma eqhubekayo engapheliyo
I-asthma ithathwa njengesiqhelo esilinganiselweyo ukuba ngaphandle kokunyangwa naluphi na oku kulandelayo:
- Ukuvela kwimihla ngemihla kunye ne-inhaler esebenzayo emfutshane isetyenziswe imihla ngemihla.
- Iimpawu ziphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
- Izimpawu zobusuku zivela ngaphezu kweyodwa ngeveki, kodwa ayenzeki yonke imihla.
- Iimvavanyo zomsebenzi we-Lung aziqhelekanga kwaye ziyahlukahluka ngaphezu kweepesenti ezingama-30 ukususela ekuseni ukuya emva.
I-persistent asthma
I-asthma ibhekwa njengento enzima xa ingekho unyango naluphi na oku kulandelayo:
- Izibonakaliso zenzeka kwimihla ngemihla kwaye zinqanda kakhulu imisebenzi yomzimba yemihla ngemihla.
- Izimpawu zobusuku zenzeke rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha ubusuku bonke.
- Iimvavanyo zomsebenzi we-Lung aziqhelekanga kwaye ziyahlukahluka ukususela ekuseni ukuya emva.
Ukwahlula okubonakalayo: I-Pshma eqhubekayo
Ukusebenza kunye neqela lezokwelapha othembela kwaye uziziva ukhululekile kunye nelo linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuxileni ngokufanelekileyo nokunyanga ubunzima besifo sakho se-asthma. Ugqirha wakho we-asthma kufuneka abeke iliso kwizinto ezilandelayo ukwenzela ukujongana nesifuba sakho esingapheliyo:
- Ukuphindaphinda kweempawu (yonke imihla)
- Ukuphindaphinda kokuvuswa kwebusuku kunye neempawu ze-asthma (rhoqo rhoqo)
- Ukusetyenziswa kwe- inhaler yokukhawulezisa (ixesha elithile ngosuku)
- Ingakanani i-asthma iphazamisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (ephantsi kakhulu)
- Ukufundwa kokuphakama kweentshukumo (ezingaphantsi kwama-60 ekhulwini kwizinto eziziphathekayo)
- Ukuba ingaba i-asthma flares ifuna ukusebenzisa i-oral steroids (ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu konyaka)
- Izimpawu zobusuku zenzeke rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha ubusuku bonke
- Iimvavanyo zomsebenzi we-Lung aziqhelekanga (uvavanyo lwe-spirometry lwama-60 ekhulwini okanye ngaphantsi kwexabiso elilindelekileyo), kunye nokuphakama kwe-exitatory flow (i-PEF) ihluka kuma-30 ekhulwini ukusasa ekuseni
Ukunyanga Isifo Sengqondo Esiqhubekayo Esinyamekayo
Izigulane ezinomsocoko oqhubekayo zihlala ziphathwa ngokudibanisa neyeza-asthma eziquka:
- Amachiza okulawula ixesha elide (i-corticosteroids inhayile) eyanciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemimoya yomoya ukuze kuthintele iimpawu ze-asthma kunye nokuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma
- Ama- bronchodilators asebenza ixesha elide kunye neyeza elisiza ngokukhawuleza (i-short-acting beta agonist okanye i-bronchodilator). Eli thuba longezelelweyo lisetyenziselwa (njengoko kuyimfuneko) ukukhupha iimpawu ezinzima ngokuziphucula izihlunu ezinqabileyo ezijikelezayo.
- I-asthma eqhubekayo enokuqhubekayo inokuthi yongezwe i-anti-inflammatory drugs eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-leukotriene modifiers." Ezi zithathwa kwifom yefilitha kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa namanye amayeza.
Abantu abane-asthma banokufumanisa ukuba ubunzima babo be-asthma buyaguquka kwiminyaka. Njengoko ubunzima buyaguquka, ngokunjalo unyango kunye nonyango, unomgomo wokugqibela wokugcina i-asthma phantsi kolawulo. Injongo yonyango ye-asthma eqhubekayo kufuneka ibe nokulawula nokunciphisa iimpawu kwi-asthma ephakathi.
Imithombo:
> I-Anti-Inflammatories: I-Leukotriene Modifiers. Iindaba ze-US kunye neNgxelo yehlabathi.
> Iphepha leNkcazo: Ukunyanga i-Asthma. I-American Academy ye-Allergy Asthma & Immunology Task Force. I-Allergy Report. AAAAI.org.
> I-Asthma ichongwa njani? I-Heart Heart Lung ne-Blood Institute, iSebe laseMerika lezeMpilo kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu, iiNational Institutes of Health.
> Iimfuno zoVavanyo zoVavanyo 2007. I-Heart Heart, i-Lung, kunye neCandelo leNgcebiso ngeGazi leBhunga leNgcali ye-Asthma Expert.