Izifo zendlebe zomzimba ezizenzekelayo ziyimeko engavumelekanga ephumela ekuncipheni ngokukhawuleza ekumandleni akho okuva kunye ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu ezinjengezondlo okanye ukulahlekelwa kwemali.
Ziyintoni Iintsholongwane Zengqondo Ezingaphakathi Zomzimba Nezizathu Zini?
Izifo ezithintela ngokuzenzekelayo ezichaphazela indlebe yangaphakathi aziqondi kakuhle, nangona kunjalo, zibandakanya izixhobo zesistim somzimba (iintsholongwane zamagciwane okanye izikhuhlane) ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa ziqala ukuhlasela izakhiwo ezenza intloko yangaphakathi.
Kukho iingcamango ezininzi malunga nendlela oku kwenzeka ngayo kodwa oku kuya kwenzeka ngokubhekiselele kwenye ingxaki yokuzimela ekhoyo efana neyo:
- Iingxaki (ngokuqhelekileyo zidla ngokutya)
- Isifo sikaCogan
- I-systemic lupus erythematosus (icinga ukuba iyinto eqhelekileyo kodwa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kunokunxulumene nemiphumo emibi yeyeza unyango olusetyenziswe ukuphathwa kwesi sigulo)
- I-Sjogren's syndrome (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yile-eye-eye syndrome)
- I-rheumatoid arthritis (impikiswano)
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Granulomatosis ye-Wegener
- Scleroderma
- I-Psoriatic arthritis
- Isifo seBehcet
- Ukubuyisela i-polychondritis (eqhelekileyo)
- Polyarteritis nodasa
Ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ziye zadibana nokulahlekelwa kwindlebe. Ezi ziquka:
- Isifo seLyme
- Syphilis
Ezi zigulo zicingelwa ukuba zidibene nokuveliswa kwemveliso ye-antibody kunye nokuhlaselwa okulandelelweyo kwindlebe yangaphakathi ngala ma-antibodies. Ezinye izizathu ezikhoyo okanye imeko ehambelanayo zibandakanya:
- Ama-hydrops ahamba phambili (imeko engaqhelekanga eyenzeka emva kokulimala kwentloko)
- Ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwethambo
- Isifo sikaMeniere
Ukulahleka kokuvalelwa okubangelwa zizifo ezithintela ngokuzenzekelayo yimbangela engabonakaliyo yokubala ukulahlekelwa kweendlebe malunga neepesenti eziyi-1 zamatyala.
Izibonakaliso zeZifo zeNtloko zeNtloko zangaphakathi
Isibonakaliso esona sikhulu sesifo se-ear earmmune sisifo sokulahlekelwa kwintetho ngokukhawuleza okuqhelekileyo kubakho kwiindlebe zombini (i-bilaterally).
Oku kulahleka kweentlekele ngokukhawuleza kuhlengahlengiswa njengemvakalelo kwaye kaninzi kuhamba kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo ezinjengobungxowankulu okanye ukulahleka kwemali. Ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kudlalwa kwithuba leenyanga ezimbalwa.
Ukuchonga i-Autoimmune Indlebe yeNtloko yezifo
Ukuba unempawu zesifo sokungena ngaphakathi kwendlebe ugqirha unokusebenzisa udibaniso lweemvavanyo eziliqela ukukunceda ukuqinisekisile le ngxaki. Nazi ezinye zezilingo ugqirha onokukhetha ukuzenza:
- Iimvavanyo zegazi ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa okanye ukulawula isifo sengqondo esisisiseko (ANA, isantya se-sedimentation sedimentation, i-rheumatoid factor, i-anti-leukocyte i-antigens, i-pro-protein e-C).
- Ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi zingabandakanya: ukuvavanywa kwe-anti-cochlear test anti-cochlear, i-lymphocyte transformation assay, i-Lyme titer.
- Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokuvalelwa kuquka: i-audiometry, i- ABR, ukuhlolwa kwe-otoacoustic ukuphuma kwe-otoacoustic , i-ECOG (i-electrocochleography).
- Ugqirha wakho unokukhetha kwakhona ukuba azame imishanguzo yokugula okanye i-corticosteroid kwaye ubone ukuba uyayiphendula njani. Impendulo enokuthi inokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwezifo zendlebe zangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awuphendulanga kumachiza akuthethi ukuba awunayo isifo somlomo ngaphakathi.
- Uvavanyo losihlalo lwe-Rotary: Olu vavanyo lunceda ukufumanisa ukuba ingxaki yokungena okanye ukulinganisela iingxaki zivela kwi-vestibular system okanye enye inxalenye yomzimba.
Akukho mvavanyo ekhankanywe apha ngasentla ekhethekileyo yezifo zendlebe zomzimba zangaphakathi kodwa zisetyenziselwa ukukunceda ukulawula okanye ukuqinisekisa imeko edibeneyo. Ukuxilongwa kusekelwe ekuhlanganisweni kweempawu zakho, imbali yonyango, iziphumo zogqirha ngexesha lokuhlolwa komzimba kunye nazo nayiphi na iziphumo zovavanyo.
UkuPhatha izifo zeNtlebe zeNtlu
Ngokuqhelekileyo umgca wokuqala wonyango yinkqubo yomlomo we-steroid yomuthi ezifana ne-prednisone, dexamethasone, okanye i-aldosterone. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ixesha eli-1 malunga neenyanga. I-Steroids ayisoloko isetyenziselwa abantu abaneesifo seswekile, isifo sesifo sesilonda, i-glaucoma, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
I-Steroids iyasebenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zexesha. I-Steroids ayifanele ipheliswe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ihambe kancane.
I-Oral steroids ingabangela iziphumo ezibi ezibalulekileyo kwabanye abantu. Ngenxa yoko ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukubeka i-steroids ngqo kwiindlebe zakho zangaphakathi (le ndlela yokulawula imithi kuthiwa i-transtympanic). Oku kubandakanya ukuchithwa okuncinci okwenziwa kwindubhu yeendlebe (ebizwa ngokuba yi- myringotomy ) enokuthi iqhutywe rhoqo nge-anesthetic yendawo okanye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwisibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokugqeba phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. I- tympanostomy tube ijwayele ukugcinwa ukuba isicatshulwa sivuleke ukuze unyango luqhubekeke ngexesha elithile. Inkqubo ilula kwaye ayibangela ukuba buhlungu bukhulu. Emva kokuba ityhusi isuswe isixhobo siya kuphulukisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba awuyena umviwa kwiyeza le-steroid okanye ukuba unyango lwe-steroid alusebenzi kuwe, ugqirha wakho angakhetha enye iyeza.
Imishanguzo ye-cytotoxic efana ne-methotrexate kunye ne-cyclophosphamide inokusebenza kakuhle ekuphatheni izifo zendlebe zangaphakathi ezizenzekelayo xa i-steroids iphumelelanga okanye ayikho inketho, nangona kunjalo imiphumo emibi inganciphisa ukusebenzisa kwayo. I-Methotrexate isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba ihambelana nemiphumo engaphantsi kweminye imichiza ye-cytotoxic kwaye xa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zihlala zilula kwaye zibuyiselwa.
Imiphumo emibi ye-methotrexate kunye ne-cyclophosphamide ingaquka: i-anemia, thrombocytopenia, i-kidney okanye isibindi sobutyhefu, ukungabikho komntwana okanye ukunyuswa komongo. Ngethuba uthabatha la mayeza, impilo yakho imele ihlolwe ngokugqithisiweyo ngugqirha kunye nokuhlolwa kwegazi rhoqo ukuze kuqaphele iinjongo zakho okanye umsebenzi wesibindi kunokufuneka. Unyango kunye ne-methotrexate inezinga lokuphumelela malunga nama-69 ekhulwini.
Olunye unyango ugqirha onokukhetha ukuzama luquka:
- I-Etanercept (isifo se-tumor-necrosis)
- N-acetylcysteine
Uphando olubonisa ukuba ukusebenza kwala mayeza kunqongophe ngoko ugqirha wakho unokukhetha kuphela ukuzama ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango ziye zahluleka.
Olunye unyango olufunekayo ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo luyi-plasmapheresis. I-Plasmapheresis yinkqubo yokucoca igazi lomntu ukususa amaqumrhu omzimba omzimba acatshangelwa ukuba ahlasele indlebe yangaphakathi (antigen, antibodies, njl). Izixhobo zamasosha omzimba asuswe athatyathwa yile saline okanye iprotheni ebizwa ngokuba yi-albin (okanye zombini). Olu unyango luya kuba lindleko kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba lusetyenziswe njengonyango wokuqala.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba unyango olusetyenzisiweyo, uphando lubonise ukuba unyango olusandul 'ukukhawuleza luya kusebenza ngakumbi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu yezifo zendlebe zangaphakathi.
> Imithombo:
> Ukuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo izifo zendlebe ze-Inner (AIED). I-website ye-American Hearing Research Foundation. http://american-hearing.org/disorders/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aied/. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-Oktobha 2012. Kufumaneka ngo-Juni 17, 2017.
> Ukuzenzekela ngokuzenzekelayo izifo zendlebe ze-Inner (I-AIED's): Izifo eziziThatywayo ngokuVikela nge-Audio-Vestibular Impact. Website ye-Audiology. http://www.audiologyonline.com/article/autoimmune-inner-ear-disease-aieds-1160. Ukuhlaziywa kuka-Agasti 2002. Kufumaneka ngoJuni 17, 2017.
> Izifo ezenza ngokuzenzekelayo Izifo zoNyango kunye noLawulo lweNtloko. Website yeMedscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/857511- ukunyuswa. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 2016. Kufumaneka ngoJuni 17, 2017.
> Uvavanyo lweSihlalo ojikelezayo. Website yeMedscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1832765- ukubukela kwakhona. Ukuhlaziywa ngoFebruwari 2016. Kufumaneka ngoJuni 17, 2017.