Ukusetyenziswa kobuchule be-Nielsen obuSebenzisiweyo kwiiRekhodi zezeMpilo ze-elektroniki

by Kevin Hwang, MD, MPH; Uhlolwe nguRichard N. Fogoros, MD

I-heuristic ngumthetho wesigqithiso okanye umgca wesikhokelo somqondo ovumela abantu ukuba benze ngokukhawuleza izigqibo baze basombulule iingxaki. Kukho iisethi ezininzi zeempahla ezikhoyo ekuyila kunye nokuvavanya umbane womsebenzisi weerekhodi zezempilo ze- elektroniki (EHRs). Eli nqaku liza kuphinda lihlaziye "u-10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design" kwaye unikele imizekelo yendlela i-heuristics ingabonwa ngayo okanye iphulwe kwi-EHR.

1. Ukubonakala kweNkqubo yeSimo

"Inkqubo kufuneka ihlale igcina abasebenzisi ukwaziswa malunga nento eyenzekayo, ngeempendulo ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo."

I-Heuristic yaphawula: Xa i-EHR idlulisela ukungena komyalelo wekhompyutha (i-CPOE) -kuthumela umyalelo wecomputer kwi-pharmacy, umzekelo-i-EHR ibonisa isimo sokudluliselwa komyalelo. I-EHR iyayilumkisa umsebenzisi ukuba ukusasazwa kuye kwahluleka.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ayibonisi isimo solawulo, ukwenzela ukuba umsebenzisi akakwazi ukugqiba ukuba umyalelo uphunyezwe ngempumelelo okanye cha.

2. Ukulinganisa inkqubo phakathi kweNkqubo kunye neLizwe langempela

"Inkqubo kufuneka ikhulume ulwimi lwabasebenzisi, ngamagama, amabinzana kunye neengcamango eziqhelekileyo kumsebenzisi, kunemigqaliselo ejoliswe kwenkqubo. Landela iindibano zehlabathi zangempela, ukwenza ulwazi lubonakale kwimeko efanelekileyo yendalo. "

I-Heuristic yaphawula: Izixhobo zogunyaziso lweemithi kwi-order order of elements, umz. "Lisinopril 20 mg rhoqo ngosuku ngomlomo."

I-Heuristic yaphulwa: Izinto ezibhalwe kwi-prescription zingekho.

I-Heuristic yaphawula: Izinto eziqhutywe ngetekisi zenkqubela phambili (umzekelo, ukuphononongwa kweenkqubo, ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba) kuboniswa ngokulandelelana nolwimi oluqhelekileyo kwiiklinikhi.

I-Heuristic yaphula: Izinto eziphuma ngaphandle.

3. Ulawulo lomsebenzisi kunye nenkululeko

"Abasebenzisi bavame ukhetha imisebenzi yenkqubo nge mpazamo kwaye baya kufuna imiphumo ecacileyo" yokuphuma ngokukhawuleza "ukushiya imeko engafunekiyo ngaphandle kokuba ufumane incoko eyongeziweyo. Uncedise ukuxhasa kwaye uphinde uqhubeke. "

I-Heuristic yaqaphela: I-EHR ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahlele, ahlaziye, agcine, kwaye akhansele utshintsho olungaphendulwanga kwi-CPOE kunye namanqaku ekliniki ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ayivumeli umsebenzisi ukuba enze utshintsho phambi kwe-CPOE kunye namanqaku ekliniki agqityiwe.

4. Ukubambisana kunye neCtandards

"Abasebenzisi akumele bazibuze ukuba ngaba amagama ahlukeneyo, iimeko okanye iintshukumo zithetha into efanayo. Landela iindibano zeplani. "

I-Heuristic yabona: I-EHR inikezela kuphela enye inketho yokwenza i-CPOE ethile (nangona umsebenzisi angakwazi ukufikelela kukhetho kwiindlela ezininzi).

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR inikezela ngokukhethekileyo ukuba "uvuselele" kwaye "uvuselele" amayeza ngaphandle kokuchazela umahluko (ukuba kukho nawuphi na uhluko) phakathi kwezi zibini.

I-Heuristic yaqaphela: I-EHR ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela eyahlukileyo ngayo indlela yokukhetha ingxaki yezokwelapha kwimenyu (umz. Umxhesho ophezulu) iya kubeka ingxaki kumacandelo embali yezokwelapha esedlulileyo, iingxaki ezisebenzayo, ukuxilongwa kwangoku, okanye ukuxilongwa kwemali.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ayibonakali ngokucacileyo indlela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha ingxaki yezokwelapha eziza kubeka ingxaki kumacandelo athile.

5. Iphuso lokukhusela

"Kungcono kunokuba imilayezo yokuphosa impazamo yinkqubo efanelekileyo eyenza ukuba ingxaki ingabikho kwindawo yokuqala. Ukuphelisa iimeko eziphosakeleyo okanye ukuzitshekisha kwaye ubonise abasebenzisi ngenketho yokuqinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba benze isenzo. "

I-Heuristic yaqaphela: I-EHR ihlola ukusebenzisana kweziyobisi kunye neziboniso ezifanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza kwinkqubo yolawulo.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ibonakalisa izilumkiso zokusebenzisana kweziyobisi ngezigqila kwenkqubo, okwenza ukuba mhlawumbi ugqirha uya kubagqitha (Hayward 2013).

I-Heuristic yaqwalasela: I-EHR ayivumeli umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe imimiselo ye-elektroniki yemichiza apho ii-pharmacy azivumelani nemimiselo ye-elektroniki (umz. Izinto ezilawulwayo).

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ivumela umsebenzisi ukuba akhethe ukuhanjiswa kwe-elektroniki yemimiselo yezinto ezilawulwayo.

6. Ukuqaphela esikhundleni sokukhumbula

"Ncipha umthwalo wememori yomsebenzisi ngokwenza izinto, izenzo kunye neenketho ezibonakalayo. Umsebenzisi akufanele ukuba akhumbule ulwazi ukusuka kwelinye inxalenye yendixoxizo kwenye. Imiyalelo yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo kufuneka ibonakale okanye ifumaneka kalula xa ifanelekileyo. "

I-Heuristic yabona: I-EHR ibonisa iziphumo zokuvavanya eceleni kwefestile ngokubhala umyalezo kwisigulane malunga neziphumo zovavanyo.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ivimbela umsebenzisi ekuboneni iziphumo zokuvavanya xa ebhala imiyalezo kwisigulane.

7. Ukuzinza nokusebenza kakuhle

"Abaqhumeli-abangabonakali ngumsebenzisi we-novice-banokukhawuleza ukukhawuleza ukusebenzisana nomsebenzisi wengcali njengokuba inkqubo inokubambisa abasebenzisi abangenamava kunye nabanamava. Vumela abasebenzisi ukuba baziphathe ngokuthe rhoqo. "

I-Heuristic yaqaphela: Umsebenzisi we-EHR unokudala kwaye enze ngokwezifiso uluhlu "lwezintandokazi" uluhlu lwemiyalelo eqhelekileyo.

I-Heuristic yaphula: Akukho luhlu lwezintandokazi.

8. I-Aesthetic ne-Minimalist Design

"Iingxoxiswano akufanele ziqulethe ulwazi olungenanto okanye olungavumelekanga. Iyonke iyunithi eyongezelelweyo yolwazi kwintetho idibanisa neeyunithi ezifanelekileyo zeenkcukacha kwaye iyanciphisa ukubonakala kwayo.

I-Heuristic yaphawula: I-EHR igxininisa ukukwazi ukukopisha-unamathela kwiinkcazo eziqhubekayo.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ivumela ikhophi-yokunamathisela ngokweqile, kwaye amanqaku enkqubela ayahlanjululwa kunye nolwazi olungapheliyo, oludlulileyo .

9. Nceda Abasebenzisi Ukuqaphela, Ukuxilonga, nokufumana Iipazorho

"Iimpazamo eziphosakeleyo zimele ziboniswe ngolwimi olucacileyo (akukho zikhowudi), zibonisa ngokucacileyo ingxaki, kwaye isichaze ngokucacileyo isisombululo."

I-Heuristic yaphawula: Ukuba ugqirha ungene ngolwazi ngendlela engafanelekanga, uqwalaselo lwe-EHR lubonisa ukuba yeyiphi ifomathi ekufuneka isetyenziswe.

I-Heuristic yaphula: I-EHR ibonisa umyalezo wephutha lobudala ngaphandle kokuxelela ugqirha ukuba ungayilungisa njani impazamo.

10. Uncedo kunye neMibhalo

"Nangona kungcono ukuba inkqubo ingasetyenziswanga ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu, kunokufuneka ukuba unike uncedo kunye namaxwebhu. Naluphina ulwazi olunjalo kufuneka lube lula ukukhangela, lugxile kumsebenzi womsebenzisi, dwelise amanyathelo okhonkco okumelwe ayenziwe, kwaye ungabi mkhulu kakhulu. "

I-Heuristic yaqaphela: I-EHR ibonisa iingcebiso ezithile zomsebenzi xa umsebenzisi engena kwiimpawu.

I-Heuristic yaphula: Amaxwebhu ayinakwenzeka ukufikelela kwindawo yokusebenzela esebenzayo kwi-EHR.

_Imithombo

_{Armijo D, McDonnell C, Werner K. Ukholo lwezeMpilo kwiRekhodi yeeMpilo: UkuVavanya nokuSebenza kweNkqubo yesiCwangciso.} _{I-AHRQ Ukupapashwa uNombolo 09 (10) -0091-1-EF.} _{I-Rockville, MD: I-Arhente yoPhando lwezeMpilo kunye neMigangatho.} _{Oktobha 2009.}

_{Hayward J et al.} _{'Kuninzi, kuphelile': iindlela ezidibeneyo zokufunda iikhompyutheni zevidiyo zokuxhaswa kweekhompyutha kunye ne-GP echaza.} _{J Am Med Yazise uAsk 2013; 0: 1-9.} _{i-doi: 10.1136 / amiajnl-2012-001484.}

_{I-Nielsen J. 10 Ukusetyenziswa koBuchule bokuSebenza koMsebenzisi.}