Ukuqonda abaNcedo beSizwe kunye nabamkeli
Mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba ukunikezela ngegazi ngegazi elingafanelekiyo lingalimaza, elikhokelela ekugatheni nasekufeni, kodwa ungazi ukuba abanye abantu banokufumana igazi ngokusuka kumnikeli kunye naluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Umntu onokwamkela ukumpontshelwa igazi kunoma yimuphi uhlobo lwegazi ubizwa ngokuba ngummkeli wendawo yonke.
Abamukeli behlabathi bonke banokufumana igazi lokumpontshelwa igazi kumntu onalo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi .
Ukubeka enye indlela, isimiso somzimba somntu onomdla we-AB siya kwamkela igazi kubo bonke abanikeli abanokubakho, nokuba ngaba bane-O, A, B okanye i-AB.
Ngoko kwenzeka njani ukuba uhlobo logalelo lwegazi lubuye lube ngummkeli wendawo yonke? Impendulo ikhoyo kuma-antigen akhoyo kwiintlobo zegazi ezininzi . Iindidi zegazi zihlukile kwizinto ezingenayo i-antigen. Iindidi zegazi zine-antigen ecacileyo kwaye iyingqayizivele kwigazi, njengoko kwenza igazi leentsholongwane zeB. Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB lithetha ukuba zombini ii-antigens zegazi le-A ne-B zikhoyo zombini.
Ekubeni ii-antigens ze-A ne-B zikhona kumntu onegazi le-AB, ummkeli akayi kulahla igazi. Umzimba uchaza ukuba igazi "njengelinye" kunokuba "ngaphandle." Igazi alikho ama-antigen kwaye libhekiswa njengegazi lokunikela ngehlabathi jikelele, ukuze kungabi kubangela ukuphendula. Ngoko, umntu onegazi lika-AB unama-antigens onke anokwenzeka, kwaye umntu ongenamdla akanayo ama-antigen angayenza impendulo.
Ukuphendula kwiGazi lokuTshintshiswa kweGazi
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba kukho umehluko phakathi kokusabela okubangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa uhlobo olungafanelekanga lwegazi, olunokuthi lube njalo lubulawe, kwaye luyingozi yokumpontshelwa igazi, okunokwenzeka naluphi uhlobo lwegazi.
Ukusabela okwenyathelo lokumpontshelwa igazi kungabangelwa luhlobo lwegazi olungabonakaliyo; kubangelwa ngumzimba wommkeli ochaza igazi "njengangaphandle." Umzimba womzimba uzama ukutshabalalisa amaseli angaphandle.
Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-hemolytic transfusion reaction response, le ndlela yokuphendula iyabangela ukutshitshisa, umkhuhlane, ukuphosa, ukubetha, kunye nokugqithisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo idlulayo kwiiyure ezingama-24-48 kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iphathwa ngokuyeka ukumpontshelwa nokulawula umthamo weBenryryl okanye enye i-agent eyanciphisa i-histamine ukunciphisa impendulo.
Ngokungafani nokuphendula okwenzekayo xa kunikezelwa uhlobo olusilungileyo lwegazi, impendulo yomzimba echaphazelekayo ebizwa ngokuba "yangaphandle" inokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo xa ichongwa kwaye iphathwa. Umntu onalo hlobo lokusabela angadinga igazi elingakumbi ngokucokisekileyo kwixesha elizayo ukukhusela ukuphendula okufanayo kunye nokunyelwa igazi emva koko, ukuba kukho isidingo segazi elongezelelweyo.
Umnikelo womzimba kunye nabamkeli bonke
Ukufumana ukumpontshelwa igazi akusiyo yodwa ixesha lokuba ngummkeli womntu wonke. Umntu ofuna i-organ transplant angaphinda azuze ekubeni ngummkeli wendawo yonke.
Ukuba isigulane sinalo hlobo lwegazi lwe-AB kwaye lifuna ilungu, bayayamkela ilungu kubaxhasi beentlobo zonke zegazi, njengokuba bamkela igazi laluphi na uhlobo. Inkqubo yokufanisa umnikeli kunye nommkeli unzima kakhulu kunelo kwaye idinga ukufanisana ngaphaya kweentlobo zegazi ezihambelanayo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umnikeli nommkeli angeke ahambelane, kodwa, ngokuqhelekileyo uthetha umntu ophethe uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB unokufumana ilungu kumnikeli kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi.
Inkqubo yokwabiwa kwesebe ikwasekwa ukwenzela ukuba ukwabiwa kwamalungu kulungelelaniso, kwaye abamukeli be-AB abafumani ipesenteji ezingekho phantsi kweelungu ngelixa abafumana ezinye iintlobo zegazi bafumana ngaphantsi. I-UNOS, inhlangano eyenza amalungu, isebenza nzima kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba izitho ziya kubalamkeli ngendlela efanelekileyo kubantu bazo zonke iintlobo zegazi, iintlanga, iminyaka kunye nemeko.
ILizwi
Abantu abanegazi lika-AB banelungelo lokufumana igazi kubaxhasi beentlobo zonke zegazi.
Nangona le nto inomdla, kukho ukunikezelwa kwegazi okwaneleyo kunoma ubani onesidingo-kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwayo lwegazi - nangayiphi na imini. Iminikelo yegazi esuka kummandla ovulekile yenza ukuba isigulane saluphi na uhlobo lwegazi, lugqabileyo okanye lunye, ukuze luzuze ekutyilweni kwegazi xa kuyimfuneko.
> Umthombo:
> Iimpawu zegazi kunye nezibalo. I-American Red Cross. http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-facts-and-statistics