Iintlobo zeGazi: A, B, AB kunye no-O

Ukunyelwa igazi kunokusindisa ubomi, ngakumbi kwizigulane. Nangona kunjalo, awukwazi ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza imigca ephakathi kweyiphi na abantu ababini. Igazi lamagulane liza kwiintlobo zegazi ezininzi kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zingaxhomekekanga ngaphantsi kwe-Apple ne-Android.

Ubuninzi bokuthayipha kwegazi kukwahlula igazi ngokusetyenzwa kwimizimba yazo kunye neprotein ye-antigen eya kuba khona ngaphandle kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kwaziwa kuluntu lwezonyango njengendlela ye-ABO kwaye isebenzisa amanqaku e-antigens ezimbini.

1 -

A, B, AB kunye no-O

ABO Amaqela

Kukho ezine iintlobo zegazi ezisisiseko kwinkqubo yoTywala ye-ABO:

1. Uhlobo lwe-A lunama-antigens yeQela A kwaye lenza i-antibodies ukulwa negazi leqela leB.
2. Uhlobo lwegazi B linama-antigens eqela le-B kwaye lenza i-antibodies ukulwa negazi leqela le-A.
3. Uhlobo lwe-AB lunamacala amabini amaqela A kunye ne-B kodwa akenzi i-antibodies enye.
4. Uhlobo O igazi alinalo uhlobo lwe-antigen.

Ukunikela okanye ukufumana igazi kuyinkimbinkimbi yinto yokuba kukho ezine iintlobo zegazi. Thayipha Igazi, ekubeni lingenayo i-antibodies okanye i-antigens yeyiphi na uhlobo, inokunikezelwa kubalamkeli kuzo zonke iindidi zegazi. Uhlobo lwe-AB, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekubeni luneziganeko zombini ze-A kunye ne-B kwaye kwaye aluyi kudala i-antibodies ye-antigen, inokufumana igazi kwiintlobo ezine, kodwa inokunikela kuphela kwabanye abamukeli be-AB.

Kodwa, linda! Kukho ngaphezulu!

Kukho enye i-antigen ekhoyo kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinokuchaphazela indlela amahle igazi lommkeli elinika igazi lomnikeli. Kubizwa ngokuba yiRhesus factor (eyaziwa ngokuba yiR Rh factor).

2 -

Rh Factor

Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuthayipha i-ABO, kukho ezinye iiprotheni egazini ezinokuchaphazela ukuhambelana phakathi komnikeli kunye nommkeli. Into eqhelekileyo iyaziwa ngokuba yiRhesus okanye iR Rh.

Ebizwa ngokuba yi-Rhesus iimonke apho yafunyanwa kuqala (kwaye uvavanyo lokuqala luye lwaphuhliswa), iR Rh ibhekisela kwi-antigen yeprotein engaphila kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Abo baneprotheni baziwa njenge- Rh positive kwaye abo abanalo iprotheni bayaziwa ngokuba yi- Rh negative .

IiR Antibodies

Ama-antibodies aya kudalwa ukuze alwe neprotheni kulabo abafumanayo iiprotheni kwigazi labo ngokwemvelo. Ngoko isigulane ngegazi le-Rh asinakufumana ukumpontshelwa igazi kumxhasi ngegazi le-Rh + kuba umzimba wommkeli uza kuhlasela igazi le-Rh + ekudibanisaneni.

Ukunikela nokufumana

Ngaphambili, sixoxe ngendlela isigulane esinomdla we-Type O esingayifumana ngayo i-A, B okanye i-AB iintlobo ngegazi. Ukuqwalasela i-Rh inkalo kuthetha ukuba i-blood negative ingatshintshelwa kwiphina uhlobo lwesigulane. Uhlobo lwe-O lubizwa ngokuba ngumnikeli wendawo yonke .

I-AB + igazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igazi kunye nazo zonke iiprotheni ezilapho. Izigulane ze-AB + ziyaziwa ngokuba ngabamkeli bonke ngenxa yokuba imizimba yabo iya kwamkela zonke iintlobo zegazi.

3 -

Yintoni ethi 'Thayipha & I-cross' ithetha?

Oogqirha kwiTV bathi sonke ixesha: "Unesi, ndifuna ukuba uthayiphe uze uphamle isigulane."

Mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba kunento yokwenza ngegazi, kodwa yintoni eyithethayo ngempela? Okokuqala, ufanele ukwazi ukuba "uhlobo kunye nomnqamlezo" lufutshane kumdlalo kunye nomdlalo wokuphambana . Ibhekisela kwiimvavanyo ukuba igazi liqhubela phambili phambi kokumpontshelwa.

Typing

Njengoko sixoxile, iintlobo zegazi zisekelwe kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeprotheni kunye neengqungquthela ezinokuthi zibekhona kwigazi lomntu. Kwisigama, uhlobo lubhekisela kwinkqubo yokuvavanya ukufumana uhlobo lwegazi lomguli.

Ukuqhagamshelana

Kungenxa yokuba iimvavanyo zihambelana kunye kwaye izigulane zibonakala ngathi zinamaqela egazi ahambelanayo asuthethi ukuxilongwa kuhlale kusebenza. Ukunqamla ukuqaqamana kukuvavanywa apho igalelo legazi legulane liqaliswa kwigalelo legazi lomnikeli ukuze ubone indlela abahamba ngayo.

Eyona ndlela, iisampula zegazi ziya kulukhupha njengezihlobo zakudala. Ukuba baxubana kakuhle kwaye bahlala kuyo kumdlalo wekhadi kunye nobhiya, konke kulungile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba baqala ukuphosa iimbogi, lixesha lokubuyela kwibhodi yokudweba (okanye ubuncinane kwiibhanki zegazi). Ukuba ukungahambelani igazi kutyunjwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwelinye, iimpendulo zinokuba yiyiphi into ekutshatyalaliswa kwe- anaphylactic ukuphazamiseka kwegazi .

Ukudaka amanzi amaninzi ngakumbi, uvavanyo oluhle aluyinto entle, kodwa uvavanyo olubi lu. Ngokwimoko yezobugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo, isigama sesigqibo esihle okanye esibi asibhekiseli kwisiphumo esikhethiweyo, kodwa kubungqina okanye ukungabikho kwempendulo. Ngoko, uvavanyo oluhle lithetha ukuba igazi lenzeni, ngokwenene, lithatha impendulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, loo mpendulo yenzelwa igazi lommkeli ukuhlasela nokubulala igazi lomnikeli.

Imfazwe enobudlova egazini legazi liphazamisa kakhulu amandla egazi lokwenza umsebenzi walo.

Uvavanyo olubi , nangona kunjalo, lithetha ukuba iisampuli zegazi ezimbini ziyakuthandana ngokwenene kwaye ziza kusebenzisana njengabalingani bamandulo.