Ngo-2017, izazinzulu zichaze ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kokusasazeka komntwana kwiikhemikhali zentsapho eziqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-phthalates kunye nesifo soxinzelelo se-thyroid kumantombazana eneminyaka engama-3. Uphando, olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi ye- Environment International ngabaphandi be-Columbia University of Mailman School of Health Public, Wayengowokuqala ukunika ingxelo kwikhonkco phakathi kokunyanzeliswa kwe-phthalate kunye nomsebenzi we-thyroid kubantwana.
Uphando lubhekisele kuma-hormone e-thyroid ehlukeneyo amahlanu. Izinga elingaphansi kwe-thyroxine (i-T4 ekhululekile) yahlanganiswa namanqanaba aphakamileyo amane kwiintlanu ezifundwa kumantombazana eneminyaka emithathu. Okuthakazelisayo, ikhonkco yayinganiselwe kumantombazana; abafana abazange bachatshazelwe.
Ngokomfundi obhaliweyo uPim Factor-Litvak, uprofesa we-Epidemiology kwiSikolo seMeyili:
I-thyroid isebenza njengomphathi wecandelo lophuhliso lobuchopho. I-hormone ye-thyroid isetye ishedyuli, kwaye ukuba ixesha lingekho kwi-synch, kunokubakho nemiphumo emva engqondweni. Iziphazamiso ze-thyroid esizibonayo kulolu cwaningo ... zingachaza ezinye zeengxaki ezinengqiqo esizibonayo kubantwana abachazwe kwi-phthalates kwaye ngoku siphucula loo nto. Nangona ukukhanya okuncinci kungenza umehluko omkhulu. Ukuqhubela phambili, kubalulekile ukuba ufunde ukuba i-phthalates yenza ntoni ukulimaza abantwana, kwakunye nendlela eyalethwa ngayo le nzakalo. Injongo yethu yokuphambili kukukhusela impilo yezizukulwana ezizayo.
Ziziphi iiPatthalates?
Iifatateshi zididi lweekhemikhali ezibhekwa njengeziphazamisi ze-endocrine. I-Endocrine abaphazamisayo yimichiza ephazamisana nomsebenzi weengqungquthela ze-endocrine, kuquka i-thyroid kunye neengqungquthela zokuzala, phakathi kwabanye. Abadangali be-Endocrine baxhomekeke ekunciphiseni ubuncinane besilisa kunye nokunciphisa ubuncinane besilisa kumadoda, kunye nokungaqhelekanga ngokobulili kumakhwenkwe, kunye nokwanda komngcipheko wesifo kunye ne-asthma, phakathi kwezinye iziphumo zempilo.
Ngamaxesha athile ama-phthalates abizwa ngokuba yi-plasticizers kwaye afakwa kwiiplastiki, ingakumbi i-polyvinyl chloride okanye i-PVC, ukwenzela ukuba benze lula kwaye baphendule ngakumbi. Ukuba uke wambona "inqwelo entsha yomsindo" okanye iphunga lekhefu elitsha leplastiki elitsha, ezo ziyi-phthalates. Iifatatesti zongezwa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokunyamekela kunye nemikhiqizo yobuhle ukwenzela ukuba iziqhumiso kunye nezicumba zazo zihlale zide.
Ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwimihlaba engaphezulu kweyeshumi leminyaka kuye kwaphumela ekuvezeni ngokubanzi, ngokungena, ukutshatyalaliswa, kunye nokuxutywa kwesikhumba. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu aphthalates atholakala kwininzi labantu baseMerika.
Imveliso equlethwe ngamathambo
Iifatatesti zifumaneka rhoqo kwiimveliso ezilandelayo:
- Iiplastiki kunye neepilisi kunye neetys
- Iipilisi zesini
- Utywala
- Izixhobo zokugcina izinto zokuplastiki
- Iimveliso zeVinyl ziquka i-flooring, iphepha lodonga, izinto zokwakha, iipendeni zesityambo, ifenitshala yelinen, izinto ezithile zokugqoka iiplastiki (oko kukuthi, imvula yamanzi kunye nezibhobho zemvula)
- Phakathi kweemoto
- Iiplastiki zeplastiki
- Iipayili
- Ezinye iimveliso zobisi, kunye nezinye izidlo kunye neentshizi
- Amanye amanzi ompompo
- Iimpawu ezimnandi
- I-Perfume, i-cologne, ne-aftershave
- I-powder ye-Baby, i-shampoo, kunye ne-lotions
- Iidodozi, i-shampoos, i-gels zeenwele, iinwele zesikhumba kunye ne-nail polish
- Yokuhlamba impahla
- Ukuhlaziya umoya
- Izilwanyana ezibuyisayo
Indlela yokugwema i-Phthalates
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa nokunciphisa ukuchithwa kwama-phthalates.
Gwema Iimveliso Ezibhekiselele naziphi na ii-Phthalates njengezithako
Ngokuqhelekileyo uza kubona i-phthalate egameni, kodwa ingahle ibhalwe ngegama layo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezongeziweyo kwimveliso zibandakanya:
- BBP: i-butyl benzyl phthalate
- MBzP: i-mono benzyl phthalate
- I-DBP: i-di-n-butyl phthalate
- MBP: i-mono-n-butyl phthalate
- I-MiBP: i-mono-isobutyl phthalate
- DEHP: di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- MEHP: mono- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
- DEP: i-diethyl phthalate
- I-MEP: i-monoethyl phthalate
- I-DiDP: i-di-isodecyl phthalate
- DiNP: di-isononyll phthalate
- DnHP: di-n-hexyl phthalate
- DnOP: i-di-n-octyl phthalate
Gwema iPVC Plastic
Ngaphandle kokuba imveliso ibhalwe ngokukodwa "i-phthalate-free," thintela nayiphina imveliso yeplastiki epholileyo, njengamakhethini okuhlamba.
Gwema Iimveliso Ezibhekiselele "Ukuqhumisa" njengesithako
Ngokusemthethweni, ama-phthalates akudingeki ukuba athathwe kwimveliso ethile yobuhle. Iimpawu ezinjalo kwiimveliso zingabhalwa nje ngokuthi "iphunga," okwenze kube nzima ukuchonga isithako esithile. Ngaphandle kokuba umkhiqizo ubhalwe "akukho mnikelo oqhekezayo" okanye "i-phthalate-free" okanye ivela kwinkampani ene-free-phthalate-free policy, kungcono ukuphepha ukuyisebenzisa. Ukwahlula: iimveliso ezibonisa ukuba i-habulayo ivela kumafutha abalulekileyo. Iwebhusayithi ye-Hugger iwebhusayithi ineluhlu lweenkampani ezili-12 ezenza i-perfume ye-nature, i-phthalate-free.
Khetha i-Phthalate-Free Baby Products
Imveliso yokunyamekela abantwana kunye nabantwana, khetha inkampani enomgaqo-nkqubo ongezantsi-phthalate. Umama onoMpilo oMntwana unoluhlu olufanelekileyo lweenkampani ezinomntwana okhuselekileyo kunye nemveliso yabantwana.
Khetha i-Personal Care and Beauty Products ye-Phthalate
Imveliso yokunyamekela ubuhle kunye nemveliso yokunakekelwa kwintlalo ebandakanya iziqhumiso okanye izicumba, khetha kuphela ezo nkampani ezinomgaqo-nkqubo ongenamaphepha-phthalate. Ezinye izixhobo ezintle kwizintlu zeenkampani ezenza imikhiqizo yobuhle be-phthalate ziquka:
- Uluhlu lweeNtsholongwane zentsholongwane kaBester Action list of cosmetics ye-phthalate
- Iphulo loKhuseleko lwezonyango
- I-database ye-Environmental Working Group ye-safecosmetics
Buza ii-PVC zamahhala ezonyango
Ukuba udinga unyango okanye usebenzise i-catheter, qaphela ukuba le mveliso isebenzisa i-PVC tubing. Unokucela ugqirha wakho wezezempilo ukuba asebenzise i-pthalate-free tubing kunye neengxowa zonyango.
Gwema iiComputer
Ungasebenzisi izigulane zokutya eplastiki, kwaye ungalokothi ube nokutya okuyi-microwave kuwo, njengoko ubushushu bukhupha iikhemikhali ngokukhawuleza ekudleni kwakho. Ukuba uya kusebenzisa iplastiki ukugcina ukutya, iikhowudi zokuvuselela 1, 2, okanye 5 zincinci ukuba zingenayo i-phthalates, kwaye i-3 ne-7 inokuthi iqulethe i-phthalates. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukutya kwezingane, kunye neebhotile zentsana, iikomityi ze-sippy kunye ne-snack cups. Xa ungathandabuzeki, khetha iklasi okanye insimbi engenasici. Unokufumana uluhlu oluncedo lwamanqanaba e-phthalate kwimveliso eyahlukeneyo yokugcina ukutya kwiwebhusayithi yeeNdlu ezilungileyo.
Sebenzisa iNewer Plastic Toys okanye ii-Non-Plastic Toys
Amathoyizi asebekhulile angakwazi ukuququzelela, kodwa amathoyizi amatsha aqhelekanga nge-phthalate. Phonsa amathoyizi endala kwiintsana nabantwana, kwaye ufake indawo yokudlala amathoyizi amasha okanye amathoyizi engekho eplastiki.
Sebenzisa kuphela i-Natural Air Fresheners
Uninzi lwazo lwentengiso lomoya luba ne-phthalate, ngoko-ke sebenzisa kuphela izityalo zomoya ezivuthayo ezivumbayo kwioli efunekayo kunye nezinye iziqhumiso zendalo.
Khetha i-Organic Dairy, Produce, kunye nenyama
Ukutya kwe-Organic akubonakalwanga kwii-pesticides, kunciphise umngcipheko wokuba baya kuba namazinga aphezulu e-phthalate.
ILizwi
Ukuphephelwa kwama-phthalates kufanele kube yinto yokuhlala kwintsapho ukuze izuze impilo yomntu wonke. Kodwa ukuba unabantwana okanye abantwana abaselula, kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaloo nto, i-Columbia University i-Factor-Litvak ineengcebiso ezisisiseko kunabo bonke abazali beintsana kunye nabantwana abaselula kufuneka balandele: "Abazali abanezingane ezincinci kufuneka bakuphephe ukusebenzisa imveliso equkethe i-phthalates njenge-shampoos, i-nail polish, kunye ne-vinyl flooring."
> Imithombo:
> Morgenstern, R et al. Umsebenzi we-Phthalates kunye ne-thyroid kwi-school child age school: Imibutho ekhethekileyo yobundlobongela. "I-Environment International, uMqulu 106, Septemba 2017, INGXELO: 10.1016 / j.envint.2017.05.007 http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0160412017302143
> Ulawulo lweZiko lokuTya kunye neDrug. "I-Phthalates." Online,. https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/productsingredients/ingredients/ucm128250.htm