Ngo-Oktobha 2, 1996, uLance Armstrong wafunyaniswa nomhlaza. Eminye imbali. Waphathwa kwaye wabuyela kuma-echeloni aphezulu ebhayisikili, uzuze iTour of France iirekhodi ezi-7 ezilandelelanayo. Ibali lakhe laba yimpembelelo kubantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza. Amakhristani aphuzi aqala ukufana nethemba. Ukulandela ukuvuma kwakhe ukutshatyalaliswa, mhlawumbi uye wawa ngobabalo ukuya kwiiyure ezihlukeneyo, kodwa uyaqhubeka eba ngumntu wethemba abaninzi abanomdlavuza.
Makhe sithethe ngomdlavuza kaLance Armstrong, kodwa ke uthethe ukuba kutheni izinto awayejamelana nazo zingahlukahluka komnye umntu, kwanomntu onohlobo olufanayo kunye nohlobo lwesifo somhlaza kwisigaba esifanayo sesifo.
ULance Armstrong kunye neCatticular Cancer
ULance Armstrong wayenomdlavuza womhlaza . Umhlaza wesiqhelo awukho esinye isifo. Iphule phantsi kwiintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo, i-seminoma kunye ne-nonseminoma. I-Seminoma ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 no-55 kwaye iphinda iphule ibe ngamacandelo amabini. I-Nonseminomas ixhaphakile kumadoda phakathi kweminyaka yobudala kunye neminyaka engama-40. Iphinda iphulwe phantsi kwezine, i-embryonal carcinoma, i-yolk sac carcinoma, i-choriocarcinoma, ne-teratoma. ULance Armstrong wayene-embryonal carcinoma. Oku kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesibeleko ziziphatha kwaye ziphendule ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
I-embryonal carcinoma ivela kwiiseli eziphambili ezivela kuyo iiseli eziqhelekileyo zamanzi.
Ngokwalo, ilandele iipesenti ezi-2 kuphela zeesceretic tescerular. Nangona kunjalo, kufumaneka kuma-85 ekhulwini we-nonseminoma e-mixtic-cancer testicular.
Amanqanaba
Iindidi zeCarcer ziphinde zihlulwe ngokubanzi. Umhlaza wesantya ulwahlula ngokubanzi kwiinqanaba ezintathu: I, II kunye no-III. Isigaba III sisona siphezulu kakhulu kwaye sichaza ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kweqela leelymode kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-retroperitoneum.
Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza wakhe usasazeke kwingqondo yakhe, uLance ngokuzenzekelayo wayenomdlavuza wesicatshulwa esiphezulu se-III, isithuba esichazwe njenge-IIIc yesigaba.
Le yinye ingongoma ebalulekileyo xa uthetha ngeekresela. Uninzi lwexesha xa umhlaza usasazeka (i- metastasizes ) ayisaphili. Oku kuyinyaniso kumdlavuza oqhelekileyo onjengomdlavuza wamaphaphu, umdlavuza webele, kunye nezona zinambuzane ezinamandla. Enye yezinto ezingekho komhlaza ngumhlaza, apho unyango lunokuthi lube lunokwenzeka nangona nezifo ze-metastatic.
Lwakhe unyango
Inxalenye yokuqala yonyango lukaLance Armstrong, eyona ndlela eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi abanomhlaza wengqina, kwakususwa kwe-testis yomhlaza kwindlela yokuhlinzwa eyaziwa ngokuba yi -orchiectomy .
Oku kwalandelwa yi-chemotherapy, efunekayo ukunyanga nawaphi na amangqamuzana omhlaza asele ngaphaya kwee testes. Kwimeko yeArmsstrong, ekubeni umhlaza wakhe uye waya kwingqondo yakhe, kucinga ukuba iiselulm e zaza zahamba kwezinye iindawo kodwa kodwa zincinci ukuba zingabonwa. Wafumana i-4 imijikelezo. Umjikelezo wokuqala wawuquka i-bleomycin, i-etoposide, ne-cisplatin. Iimjikelezo ezilandelayo zisebenzisa i-vinblastine, i-epoposide, ifosfamide kunye ne-cisplatin. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwe-bleomycin eyongezelelekileyo, ehambelana nobutyhefu bemiphunga, ngokukodwa imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi- pulmonary fibrosis .
Le meko ibandakanya ukuphazamiseka kwimiphunga ekwazi ukunciphisa amandla okuphefumla kwaye iyakudlulisa umsebenzi weyiphi na i-cycliste yezobuchwepheshe, njengoko imiphunga yabo imele ibe yimeko ephezulu ukukhuphisana kumazinga aphezulu.
Ukongeza kwindlela yokuhlinzwa, ukususa i-testis yomhlaza, kunye nokonyango kunye ne-chemotherapy, uLance wafumana ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo ukususa izilonda ezimbini zomhlaza. Ukunyanga olulodwa (okanye nje ezimbalwa) i-metastases yobuchopho iba yinto eqhelekileyo, nokuba neesifo se-metastatic ezifana nesifo somhlaza okanye isifo somhlaza ongasaphili. Ukususa "i-oligometastases" (kuphela iimitha zesithandathu) kunokuphucula ukusinda kwezinye iisomhlaza, nangona xa kungenakwenzeka ukwelashwa.
Indlela Aphila ngayo
Uninzi lweempawu zesifo somhlaza zesifo se-tumor alinakuphulukana xa sele esasazeka (i-metastasized) kwisayithi yazo eyintloko. Ngethamsanqa uLance, kunye nabani na oye wafumana umdlavuza we-testicular umdlavuza, umdlavuza we-testicular ungenye yezinto ezinomdla kakhulu ezinokuphelisa i-tumor khancer even if it's spreads well beyond its site's original. Oku kubangelwa ukuba ininzi yeengcambu ze-testicular zithinteka kakhulu kwi-chemotherapy, kanti ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ziqulethwe ngabantu abaninzi abanomdlavuza ongakwazi ukumelana ne-chemotherapy ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba unyango uLance Armstrong wanikwa? Hayi, kwakungekho. Xa i-nonseminoma iquka indawo ngaphandle kwezinye i-lymph nodes okanye imiphunga, ichazwa njengomngcipheko ompofu kwaye unomlinganiselo wokusinda iminyaka emi-5 ngaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini.
Ngaba Unomdlavuza Wakhe Ungabuya?
Uninzi lwe-nonseminoma umdlavuza we-testicular yenzeka kwiminyaka emibili yokuqala. Ukuphindaphinda ngaphaya kweminyaka emihlanu kunqabile. Sekudlulileyo iminyaka engama-20 ukususela ekubeni uLance wafunyaniswa kwaye ukuvela kwesi sithuba kungekudala. Oko kwathiwa, nangona bekungekho mkhwa kakhulu ngomhlaza wesifo somhlaza, kukho amaxesha apho i-cancer ibuye iphindwe emva kweminyaka emashumi emva kokuba i-tumor yokuqala iphathwa.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba nabani na onomdlavuza wesifo somngcipheko usengozini enkulu yokwakha imeko entsha yesifo somhlaza kwisifo se-testis esele. Umngcipheko wobomi bokuvelisa umdlavuza we-testicular ungama-0.4 ekhulwini, kodwa umngcipheko wobomi bokuvelisa umdlavuza wesibili osisiseko kwisicatshulwa esisele i-2 ekhulwini.
Ekugqibeleni, i-chemotherapy ingabangela ukuphuhliswa kweekliniki zesibini ezantsi kwendlela. Ezi zonyango zisebenza ngokulimaza i-DNA kumaseli omhlaza, kodwa inokulimaza i-DNA kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo, ukuqala inkqubo yezo iiseli eziguqula iintsholongwane zomhlaza. Oku kuyinyaniso kubantu abaye bafumana ikhemotherapy malunga naluphina uhlobo lomhlaza, nangona kungavamile.
Wonke umdlavuza kunye nomntu wonke uhlukile
Abantu abaninzi bayifumana into enomdla ukufunda okungakumbi ngomdlavuza udumo oluye lwalwa, ngokukodwa ukuba ngumhlaza abajongene nawo. Kodwa kubalulekile ukubonisa ukuba wonke umntu kunye nomhlaza ngamnye uhlukile.
Akukho ezimbini i-cancer eziziphatha ngendlela efanayo okanye ukuphendula kwonyango olufanayo. Iingcingo ezimbini ziyakubonakala zifana nendawo ngaphantsi kwe-microscope kodwa inokuthi ihluke kakhulu kwiqondo le-molecular. Ukuba uthabatha abantu abangama-200 abanomdla omnye wesifo somhlaza kwisifo esifanayo kwisifo esifanayo, uya kuba neengqamzana ezingama-200 zodwa. Xa sifunda ngakumbi ngomhlaza, ngoku sifunda ngakumbi malunga nale ntlukwano, eye yavelisa yonke indawo yonyango lomhlaza ochanekileyo.
Ukongeza kokungafani kwisisu, akukho bantu babini abafana, kwaye wonke umntu uyasabela ngokwahlukileyo kunyango. Umdlavuza we-Lance Armstrong unomdlavuza wokuphila iminyaka emi-5 engaphantsi kwama-50 ekhulwini, kodwa akuthethi ukuba unempilweni okanye ube bhetele kunomntu onokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo. Umntu onempilo kakhulu unokukwenza kakubi, kanti umntu owenza okuncinci ukuzinyamekela angenza kakuhle. Ngokusoloko kunzima ukwazi indlela umntu oza kwenza ngayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukugcina oku engqondweni xa uthetha nabathandekayo bethu ngomhlaza. Akusiyo iphoso lomntu ukuba bahlakulele umhlaza, kwaye akusona iphoso labo xa bengaphenduli kakuhle unyango. Iziphumo kaninzi zinokuzibandakanya ezininzi kunye neempawu ezithile zee-molecular ze-tumor kunomntu onalolo thumba.
Ngaphantsi kweLance Armstrong yeCatticular Cancer
ULance Armstrong, nangona wawa ebabusweni, ukhuthazela kunoma ubani ofunyanwe ngumhlaza. Wasinda kwisifo sakhe somdlavuza kunye nokuphathwa kakubi, kwaye akagcinanga nje kuphela kodwa wahamba ngegama lokuhamba ngebhayisikili. Umhlaza wesantya uyingqayizivele phakathi kweengqimba ezinamandla, njengoko kunokuphulukiswa nangemva kokuba kulungelelaniswe. Noko ke, i-tumor, ngokuqhelekileyo ibetha abantu emininzi yabo, kwaye inokuba yingozi ngale ndlela. Siyakwazi ukuthenga i-Armstrong ngenxa yokwazisa ukuba umdlavuza unako ukusinda kwaye ukuba kukho ubomi emva komhlaza kubantu abaninzi.
> Imithombo:
> Hill, Christine M. Lance Armstrong: Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, ukusinda, ithemba elikhuthazayo . Ngaphandle kwabashicileli, ngo-2008
> INational Cancer Institute. I-Treattic Cancer Treatment (PDQ) -Ingcali yeNgcali yeNgcali. Ukuhlaziywa 01/30/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/hp/testicular-treatment-pdq