Abantwana bahlala kwingozi enkulu
Inetyhefu yokukhokelela kukuqokelela kokukhokela emzimbeni odla ngokuqhubekayo kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka. Nangona i-poisoning ixhaphake kwilizwe elikhulayo, apho kubangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-800,000 ngonyaka, kunokuchaphazela imizi yaseMerika ngokunjalo (njengoko kuboniswe ngengozi ye-2016 ePlint, eMichigan apho abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 000 bavelele emanzini ahlambulukileyo) .
Inkokeli yintsimbi eyenziwa ngokwemvelo engenakho inzuzo kumzimba. Ubume obuyingozi buyakuchaphazela ingqondo kunye nezinye izitho ezibalulekileyo, kubangele utshintsho lwegazi kunye nokuziphatha, ukugula kwamathumbu, ukukhubazeka kweengtso kunye nokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa. Kwimilinganiselo ephakamileyo kakhulu, ingaba yingozi.
Utyhefu olunobunokuthi lunokufunyanwa ngegazi kunye novavanyo lweemifanekiso. Ukuba iindawo eziphambili ziphezulu, unyango lunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezibophelela ekukhokeleleni ukuze zipheliswe emzimbeni.
Iimpawu
Nangona utyhefu lunokubangela ukulimala phantse yonke inxalenye yomzimba, ingqondo kunye nesisu sezondlo zivame ukuba zivele khona iimpawu zokuqala zezifo.
Iimpawu zesifo sobutyhefu zisoloko zibuqili kwaye kunzima ukuzibona. Kwabanye abantu, akukho mpawu. Eyona nto ibonakalayo ibandakanya:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Ukukhathala
- Intloko
- Ukulahleka kwengqalelo
- Ukulahleka kwimemori yesikhashana
- Uxinzelelo kunye nokulahlekelwa kolawulo
- Inambitheka engavamile emlonyeni
- Umgca ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-gum (eyaziwa njengomgca weBurton)
- Ukulinganisa okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa (i-neuropathy)
- Intlungu zesisu
- Ukunciphisa ukutya
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Idayarrhea okanye ukutyunjwa
- Intetho edibeneyo
Ngokungafani nabantu abadala, abantwana bangabonakalisa ukuguquka kokuziphatha okuphambili (kuquka ukunyaniseka, ukunganakwa, nokugwenxa) kwaye kuya kubakho ukuphuhliswa emva kwamanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo.
Ukukhubazeka okusisigxina kungasetyenziswa ngezinye.
Iingxaki zesifo sobutyhefu singabandakanya umonakalo wezintso, ingozi yexinzelelo, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, i-cataracts, ukungabikho komntwana, ukukhulelwa kwesisu kunye nokuzalwa kwangaphambili. Ukuba amazinga okhokelo akhula angaphezu kwama-100 μg / dL, ukuvutha kwengqondo (incephalopathy) ingenzeka, okubangelwa ukugunjwa, ukuhlaselwa, kunye nokufa.
Izizathu
Ukukhokelela kwityhefu e-US kuye kwayehla ngenxa yokuba okokuqala bekuvinjelwe kwipende kunye nepetrol emva kowe-1978. Ukususela ngoko, eminye imithetho iye yanyulwa ukwenzela ukunciphisa amanqanaba okukhokelela ekuplanzeni izixhobo, ukuchithwa kwemveliso kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo zendlu.
Nangona kunjalo, kubangela ukutyhefuza e-US. Abantwana basemngciphekweni omkhulu, ngenxa yokuba beyinxenye kumzimba wabo omncinci kunye nenqanaba elincinci lokungcola. Baye bathambekele ekuthatheni ukukhokela ngokukhawuleza kwiiscuphe zobuchopho kwaye babonise ukuziphatha okumelana nomlomo okukhuthaza ukuvezwa.
Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokubambisa ukuhamba ziquka:
- Amanzi, ngokukodwa ngenxa yamapayipi okudala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-solder ekhokelayo
- Umhlaba owenziwe ngopende okanye ipetroli
- Ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi kwiimigodi, ukutshiza izityalo, okanye izakhiwo zokuvelisa apho kukho inxaxheba
- Iibumbi kunye neeramics ezisetyenzisiweyo zokutya i-dinnerware
- I-crystal ekhokelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okanye ukugcinwa kokutya
- Imithi ye-Ayurvedic kunye neyabantu, inye ekhokelela ekuncedeni "ukunyanga" kunye nezinye zazo ezingcoliswa ngexesha lokuvelisa
- Iimathoyizi, iziqhumiso, i-candy kunye nemveliso yasendlini eyenziwe kumazwe angenazo izithintelo ezikhokelayo
Ietyhefu ezinokuthi zenzeke xa zikhulelwa, zibangelwa xa ukulahleka kwethambo elide ixesha elide likhokelela kwinkqubo kwaye luchaza umntwana ongakazalwa ukuba abe namazinga aphezulu okutyhefu.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukhokelo lobunobunokuthi lunokufunyanwa ngolu hlobo lweemvavanyo zelabhu kunye nokucinga. Uvavanyo oluphambili, olubizwa ngokuba yi-blood lead level (BLL), lunokusixelela ukuba lunjani ukukhokela kwigazi lakho.
Kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo, akufanele kubekho ukhokelo, kodwa namanqanaba aphantsi angathathwa njengamkelekileyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwegazi kulandelwa ngokwemigqalane (μg) nge-deciliter (dL) yegazi. Uluhlu olwamkelekileyo lwamanje lu:
- Ngaphantsi kwe-5 μg / dL yabantwana
- Ngaphantsi kwe-25 μg / dL yabantu abadala
Ngelixa i-BLL inokunika umfanekiso ocacileyo wemo yakho yangoku, ayikwazi ukusitshela umphumo wokunyuka owenziwe emzimbeni wakho. Ngenxa yoko, ugqirha unokuyalela i-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) engekho engavumelekanga (i-XRF), ngokukodwa ifom ye-X-ray engaphaya kwamandla angakwazi ukuvavanya indlela ekhokelayo ngayo emathanjeni akho kwaye ibonakalise iindawo zokubala ngokubonisa ixesha elide. .
Ezinye iimvavanyo zingabandakanya ukuhlolwa kwefilimu yegazi ukukhangela utshintsho kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ne-erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) engasinika inkcazelo malunga nokuba ixesha elide liye lenzeke njani.
Unyango
Eli hlobo lonyango lokonyango lwe- poisoning ebizwa ngokuba yi- chelation therapy . Iquka ukusetyenziswa kwee-agents ezichekisayo ezibophelela ngokubambisana ukuze zikhokele kwaye zenze i-composic non-toxic that can easily be excreted in urine.
Ulwaphulo lwe-Chelation lubonakaliswa kubantu abanobuthi obunobumba obukhulu okanye iimpawu ze-encephalopathy. Kwakhona unokuqwalaselwa nabani na ongu-BLL ongaphezu kwama-25 μg / dL. Ulwaphulo lwe-Chelation lunenani elincinane kwiimeko ezingapheliyo ngaphantsi kweli xabiso.
Ulwaphulo lunokuhanjiswa okanye ngomlomo. Amaziko amaninzi afanelekileyo afaka:
- I-Bal kwioli (dimercaprol)
- I-disodium ye-calcium
- I-Chemet (i-dimercaptosuccinic acid)
- D-penicillamine
- EDTA (i-ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid)
Imiphumo emibi ingabandakanya intloko, umkhuhlane, izibilini, isisongela, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukunyaniseka kwentliziyo, kunye nesifuba esifubeni. Kwizihlandlo ezingaqhelekanga, ukuthatha, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula, ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, okanye ukulimala kwesibindi kuye kwaziwa ukuba kwenzeke.
ILizwi
Ukutyhefuza inetyhefu kunokusasaza kuba awukwazi ukuhlala uxelela ukuba wena okanye wakho umntwana uye wavezwa. Kukho iindlela zokuvavanya ikhaya lakho ukuba unenkxalabo, kubandakanya iikiti zokuvavanya ekhaya eziphakathi kwe-$ 10 kunye ne-30 kwiivenkile ze-hardware.
Kulungile kodwa, ukuba uhlala kwikhaya elidala elingakhange lilungiswe, unokuqesha umhloli-mngcipheko ogunyazisiweyo ngumbuso okanye kwi-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (EPA).
Okwangoku, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wosapho:
- Qinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uhlamba izandla rhoqo.
- Fundisa abantwana ukuba bangafaki izandla okanye iminwe emilonyeni yabo.
- Nika wonke umntu isongezelelo sesinyithi kunye ne-calcium.
- Ukucoca kunye nokugubha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuphazamisa abantwana ukuba badlale emhlabathini ngokujikeleza kwindlu xa ipenji yangaphandle iphosa okanye iyancipha.
- Faka i-doormat ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweminyango yakho endlwini.
- Khuthaza wonke umntu ukuba asuse izihlangu ngaphambi kokungena.
- Ukuba usebenza kwipshini okanye utshala apho kukho umngcipheko wokubakhokela, ukuhlamba nokuguqula iimpahla zakho ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya.
> Imithombo:
> Jacobs, D. Ukhokelo lobuthi: Ukugxila kwi-Fix. IJ 2016; 22 (4): 326-330. INGXELO: 10.1097 / PHH.0000000000000430.
> Isexwayiso, iC .; Tsang, K .; kunye neGalazka, S. UkuNyuka kweTyhefu kubantwana. I-Phys Physician. 2010; 81 (6): 751-57.