Ukukhula kweMida kwiLebhu
Izifo ezithintekayo zivame ukuxilongwa ukuba zilandele iinkcubeko zeesampuli ezizimeleyo kwiziko lokusuleleka. Kha wulezi ukuba oogqirha bazi njani i-bug? Ngokuqhelekileyo akulula ukuyiqonda. Abasebenzi bebhu ebhodini le-microbiology badla ngokukhawuleza ukuba bakhuphe i-bug ukusuka kwisampuli, bathi kwigazi okanye kwi-sputum. Le sampula ingahlolwa kwakhona ngokuzama ukuyikhulela kwiinkcubeko ezininzi ezahlukileyo ukuze ubone apho ikhula khona.
Njengazo izityalo, izilwanyana ezinomhlaba zithandayo kunye neemeko nazo. Abayi kukhula apho bengakwazi ukukhula.
Ngoko ke, yintoni na inkcubeko, nangona kunjalo, kwaye inceda njani ekufumaneni ukuba usuleleko?
Ziziphi i nkcubeko
Inkcubeko yindlela yokukhulisa i-microbe kwiziko lebhubhoratri. Iibhaktheriya ezininzi, iifungi, i-parasites, kunye neentsholongwane zingakhula kwibrabhu xa kusetshenziswe iimeko ezifanelekileyo. Iimpawu ezichanekileyo zenkcubeko ekhulayo ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga i-microbe ethile. Ukusebenzisa "i-agent agent" ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga iimpawu ze-microbe. Ngokomzekelo, ukukhula kwe- Staph aureus kwinkcubeko equkethe i-methicillin (i-ejenti ekhethiweyo) iya kuba yinkcazo ye-methicillin-resistant Staph aureus ( MRSA ).
Ezi ziko zihlala ziqulethwe kwiiplati okanye izibhabhane eziqulethe ukutya okukhethekileyo okuvumela ukuba i-pathogen ethile okanye iqela lezilwanyana eziphilayo zikhule. Oku kwenza i-lab isebenze ukuchonga ukuba yiyiphi i-microbe ekhulayo.
Abasebenzi beLab bafuna ukukhula i-microbe kwiiplati ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko (okanye iibhubhu) ukucacisa ukuba yiyiphi i-microbe. Oku kunokufana nePherlock Holmes ipolisi yomphenyi.
Iintlobo zeZifo eziNokuthi zifumaneke
Iinkcubeko zokuxilonga ziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuchonga izilwanyana ezinokusukela kwiisampuli ezizimeleyo ukusuka kumchamo ( izifo ezithintela umchamo), isitofu (isifo sohudo kunye nezifo ezithwala ukutya), umzila wesondo ( STDs ), umqala ( strep throat ), kunye nekhumba ( izifo zengqondo ).
Iisampuli ezizimeleyo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, ezifana negazi kunye nomtya womthambo, nazo ziyakucetyiswa; Ezi ntlobo zentsholongwane zithatha kakhulu kwaye zifuna ukuhlala esibhedlele.
Uhlobo Lwezizwe ezisetyenzisiweyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zezona nkcubeko:
- Inkcubeko eqinile. Iibhaktheriya kunye nefungi zingakhula kummandla oqingqiweyo owenziwe ngokuxuba izondlo, i-salts kunye ne-agar (i-agel agent ekhutshwe kwinqanaba elwandle). Oku kufuthi kwiplani ubungakanani besundu sakho. Zininzi izitya ezincinane ngegel ebomvu, ezinye iigels ziphuzi okanye ezinye imibala. I-microbe enye ebeka phezu kwendawo eqinile ingakhula ibe ngamakholoni okanye amaqela ngamanye amawaka eeseli. Iikholoni zenziwe ngama-clones, apho zonke iiseli zifana nomnye. Le nto yintoni eyenza iindawo ezizinzileyo zixhamle ukuchongwa kwe-microbial. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkoloni ezivela kwiintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ziya kuba neempawu ezahlukileyo kunye neempawu (umz., Umbala, ubukhulu, ukuma kunye nokukhula kwenqanaba lekholoni), encedisa i-microbiologist ukubona i-microbe.
- Inkcubeko yobisi. Inkcubeko yamanzi ikhule kwi "media" okanye "umhluzi" wezondlo. Ukukhula kancinci kubonakala ngokukhawuleza ukuba umhluzi ube yimvula. Umhluzi we-cloudier uthetha kakhulu inani elincinci lamachiza. Iimveliso zamanzi zihlala ziqulethe iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezincinci, ngoko ke zihlala zingenakuncedo kunezithethe eziqinileyo zokuxilongwa kweebhaktheriya kunye ne-fungi kunye ne-mycobacteria. Iimveliso zamanzi, nangona kunjalo, zinceda ngakumbi ukuxilongwa kwezidumbu, ezingenzi iikoloni eziqhelekileyo kwiinkcubeko eziqinileyo.
- Inkcubeko yeselula. Amanye ama-microbes, afana neClamydia okanye i-Rickettsia, kunye neentsholongwane azikwazi ukukhula kwizikolo eziqinileyo okanye ezikhenkce kodwa zingakhula kwiiseli zomntu okanye zezilwanyana. Iintlobo zeeseli zomntu okanye zezilwanyana zisetyenziselwa "ukutshatyalaliswa" kwenkcubeko yeseli kunye ne-microbe kwaye ijonge umphumo kwiiseli. Ngokomzekelo, ezininzi iintsholongwane zinomonakalo okanye "i-cytopathic" iziphumo kwiiseli ezinokuthi zibonwe ngabaphilayo bezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yokuba iinkqubo zenkcubeko zentlupheko zivame ukuba zizodwa ezizodwa kwaye zifuna ixesha elide lomsebenzi kunye nexesha elide lokuxilongwa, nangona kunjalo, inkcubeko yeselu isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwezinye iindlela zokuxilonga. Kungaba nzima kakhulu ukukhula kwamanye amayeza.
Izithako ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiiNtlalo
Ngokuxhomekeke kwintlobo ethile yenkcubeko, izithako ziyahluka. Zininzi izithako ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, njengoko ezi zingasetyenziselwa ukuqonda apho i-microbe ikwazi khona kwaye ayikwazi ukukhula, ngoko ke ichonga ukuba yintoni i-microbe. Ngokusoloko asixeleli nto malunga nomzimba ngokwawo, kodwa kunoko kusinceda siqonde igama lomzimba. I-microbe nganye inomdla okhethekileyo kwintlalo yegel kunye nezithako. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezininzi iinkcubeko ziya kufuna ukudibanisa oku kulandelayo:
- Umthombo we-Amino-nitrojeni (iiprotheni ezidyiweyo)
- Izinto zokukhula (igazi, i-serum okanye i-extract yeast)
- Umthombo wamandla (ushukela, i-carbohydrates)
- Amagumbi okuxubha pH (phosphate, citrate)
- Amaminerali (i-calcium, i-magnesium okanye insimbi)
- Iimpawu ezikhethiweyo (ii-antibiotics okanye iikhemikhali)
- Iimpawu okanye idayi (ekuqaliseni amanqanaba a-acidity)
- I-agent ye-Gelling yeenkcubeko eziqinileyo (i-agar)
Umthombo:
I-CA, i-Playfair, i-JH, i-Roit IM, i-Wakelin D, no-Williams, i- R. Medical Microbiology. ILondon: Incwadi Yonyaka ka-Mosby