I-Potassium yenye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo kwiikhemikhali zethu, ezininzi zikhoyo ngaphakathi kweeseli zethu. I-Hyperkalemia yimizuzu yamanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium egazini lakho. Izinga eliqhelekileyo le-potassium labantu abadala libhekiselwe kwi-3.6 ukuya ku-5.2 mEq / L. Ukuba izinga lakho lifumana ngaphezu kwe-6 mEq / L, uza kufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kuba amazinga aphakamileyo angaba yingozi xa ephakamileyo.
I-Hyperkalemia ibangelwa zizifo zengqondo, kodwa kunokubangelwa ezinye izifo kunye nezinto ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umhlaza, kunye nemithi ethile.
Ukuqonda i-Electrolytes
Ukuqonda kakuhle ukuba kutheni amazinga e-potassium abalulekile kwaye oko kunokubangela ukuba bandise okanye banciphise, kunceda ukwazi indlela i-electrolytes isebenza ngayo emzimbeni. Uninzi lwabantu luyaqhelana ne-electrolytes evela kwi-Gatorade okanye i-Pedialyte yorhwebo ekugxininiseni emva kokuzivocavoca (okanye ukuhlanza nokurhuda kwimeko yePedialyte) ukulinganisela amanqanaba ethu e-electrolyte. Nangona ulwazi oluqulethwe kwiimveliso zentengiso, aluyikuqala ukucacisa ubunzima be-electrolytes kunye nokuba luhle kangakanani kumzimba wakho.
Kwimiqathango elula kakhulu, i-electrolytes ihlanganiswe amaminerali apho xa echithwa ngamanzi ahlukeneyo kwiions ezihlawulwe ngombane. Zininzi iintlobo ze-electrolytes, kodwa i-sodium, i-potassium, i-chloride, i-bicarbonate, i-calcium, i-sulfate, i-magnesium kunye ne-phosphate zibhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womntu.
Imizimba yethu ixhomekeke kwi-potassium ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, ithoni ye-vascular, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-insulin kunye nezinye i-hormone ezihlukeneyo, isisindo somzimba esiswini, i-acid-bas balance base, umsebenzi wezintso, kunye nokulinganisela kwamanzi kunye ne-electrolyte.
Ngokusebenzisa amahomoni, iindlela ezikhethekileyo kunye nabathumeli, iinjongo zinoxanduva lokubeka ingqwalaselo kunye nomthamo we-electrolytes namanzi emzimbeni.
Umzekelo osisiseko wendlela iintso ezilawula ngayo amanzi kunye ne-electrolytes ukuhamba. Xa umzimba wakho unomdaka ogqithiseleyo, umbane wakho ukhuphuke. Xa umzimba wakho uphelelwe amanzi, umphumo wakho we-urine uyancipha. Naliphina i-electrolytes ekhutshwe emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa umchamo, isithukuthezi kunye nephepha lokutya. Iinjongo zinomda oqinileyo wezinto ezibhekiselwe kumgangatho ophantsi okanye ophezulu wamanzi okanye i-electrolytes emzimbeni. Xa amazinga akhula okanye ahla, izintso ziqala ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Ukufumana unxani ngumzekelo osisiseko wendlela imizimba yethu isabela ngayo kumanqanaba amancinci amanzi.
Amanqanaba egazini ephakamileyo ye-potassium angaphazamisa indlela ezinye iinkqubo zesebe zisebenza kwaye zingaba zibulale xa zingashiywanga. Ngenxa yokuba i-hyperkalemia ingaba yingozi kakhulu, amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium kufuneka athathwe ngokungathí sina, nokuba ngaba avelanga naziphi na iimpawu.
Iimpawu
I-Potassium inendima ebalulekileyo entliziyweni kunye nomsebenzi we-neuromuscular, ngoko ke xa amazinga aphakamileyo, intliziyo, iintsholongwane kunye nezihlunu zivame ukuchaphazeleka. Ngokuphakameka kwe-potassium, awunakho iimpawu, kodwa njengoko amanqanaba akhula, iimpawu zakho zingabandakanya:
- Ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka okanye ubuncinane
- Ukukhathala
- Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula
- Isihlunu kunye nokuhlanza
- Ukukhubazeka
- Ukuzila
- I-arrhythmias yenhliziyo (izithintelo zentliziyo engavumelekanga), enye yeengxaki ezinzulu kakhulu
- Ukudideka
- Ukuqubuda, ukuhlaselwa, kunye nokufa xa amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu
Izizathu
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela ukuba kube negalelo ekunyuseni amazinga e-potassium , kodwa eziqhelekileyo iingxaki zeengtso zinokusilela kweengxaki ezintle okanye izifo zesifo esiswini. Ezinye izizathu eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa ziquka:
- Isifo sikaAdisonison
- Amanye amayeza afana ne-angiotensin II receptor blockers, i-angiotensin-yokuguqula i-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, izidakamizwa ezichasayo ezingabhubhisiyo (i-NSAID), kunye ne-beta blockers
- Ukufaka i-potassium kakhulu, njengokutya, izongezelelo ze-potassium, okanye izitishi zetyuwa
- Ukuditywa kwamanzi
- Uhlobo lwe-1 lweswekile
- Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zonakaliswa ngenxa yokutshisa okanye ezinye ukulimala kakhulu
- I-tumor lysis syndrome
- Ukunyelwa igazi
Ukuxilongwa
Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba unempilo ye-hyperkalemia. I-Hyperkalemia ifunyaniswa ngophando lwegazi olujonga umsebenzi weenso kunye namazinga e-potassium, iimvavanyo zomchamo, kunye / okanye iimvavanyo zengqondo. Phakathi kwazo zonke ezi mvavanyo, ugqirha uya kukwazi ukuxilonga nge hyperkalemia ngokukhawuleza ukuba unayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabonisa ukuba unendawo ephezulu ye potassium xa ungekho, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-pseudohyperkalemia. Oku kunokwenzeka ukuba iiseli ezibomvu kwi-sampuli yegazi ziphule, zikhulule i-potassium kwisampuli. Kuyakwenzeka kwakhona ukuba i-tourniquet eqinile kakhulu isetyenziselwa imizuzu emininzi ngexesha lokudweba kwegazi ngelixa likhangela isifuba, ngakumbi xa uvula kwaye uvale intsimbi yakho ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukwandisa imvini yakho.
I-Pseudohyperkalemia iyakwenzeka kwakhona xa unesistim segazi elimhlophe kakhulu okanye isibalo seplatelet. Ukuba inqanaba eliphezulu le-potassium lifumaneka xa unesizathu esicacileyo sokuba i-hyperkalemia, kwaye ukuba awunayo impawu okanye iimpawu ze-hyperkalemia, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kufuna ukuphindwa kwakhona. Nge-pseudohyperkalemia, izinga le-potassium ye-serum liphezulu kakhulu kunezinga le-potassium ye-plasma. Ngenxa yoko, abanye oogqirha bakhetha ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwa nge plasma ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunayo ipseudohyperkalemia.
Unyango
Uninzi lwexesha le-hyperkalemia lincinci kwaye lingaphathwa ngokukhawulela i-potassium ekudleni kwakho kwaye uphathise isizathu esiyintloko. Ukuba kunzima kakhulu, ukhetho lwezokwelapha lungabandakanya:
- Diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi)
- I-glucose engenayo kunye ne-insulin
- IV calcium
- I-potassium isondeza amayeza
- Dialysis
- Ukutshintshisana kwamathambo abathandayo abafana ne-Patiromer, ebopha i-potassium kwi-digestive tract ngokutshintshela i-calcium
Ukutya
Ukutya ukutya okunempilo okuye kunciphisa ukutya kwakho kwe-potassium kubalulekile ukuba unesifo sentso okanye ezinye iimeko ezikubeka engozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-hyperkalemia. Oku kubandakanya ukunciphisa okanye ukuphepha ukutya okuphakamileyo kwi-potassium kubandakanya iimveliso ezininzi zobisi, imifuno, izithelo, ubhontshisi obomileyo kunye namantongomane.
ILizwi
I-Hyperkalemia yimeko enobungozi, kodwa inokuguqulwa ngempumelelo. Xa izinga eliphantsi le-potassium lwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha wakho aphewule ngokukhawuleza inqanaba lakho elifanelekileyo leengozi kwaye usebenze ukuze ufumane amazinga e-potassium egazi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukufumana isizathu esiyimbangela ye hyperkalemia ukwenzela ukuba inokunyangwa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye ukwenzela ukuba amanyathelo athathwe ukukhusela i-hyperkalemia ukuba ingabikho kwakhona.
> Imithombo:
> Abasebenzi beKliniki yabasebenzi. High Potassium (Hyperkalemia). Clinical Mayo. Ihlaziywe ngoJanuwari 11, 2018.
> Meng QH, Wagar EA. I-Pseudohyperkalemia: I-New Twist kwi-Old Phenomenon. Uphononongo oluPhambili kwiSayensi yeLebhulo yeLebhulo . 2015; 52 (2): 45-55. i-doi: 10.3109 / 10408363.2014.966898.
> INtaba iDB. Unyango kunye nokuthintela i-Hyperkalemia kwiBantu abadala. Isemgangathweno. Ukuhlaziywa kweDisemba 18, 2017.
> Wilson FP, uBerns JS. I-Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Iingxaki Ezintsha kunye neNtuthuko ezayo. Uphuhliso lweZifo eziSifo esiPhezulu . 2014; 21 (1): 18-26. i-doi: 10.1053 / j.ackd.2013.07.001.