Ukuqonda Ukuthi kutheni abantu be-Transgender baNgcipheko lweHIV
Iinkcukacha ngokumalunga ne- HIV kwi-transgender abantu zihlala zilukhuni ukufumana njengowesifazana kwindoda (i-FTM) kunye nendoda kubafazi (i-MTF) ayilona ulwahlulo lwesini ngokubhekiselele kwiingxelo ezininzi zokuhlola. Umbuso waseCalifornia uyinto engavumelekanga, ukongeza i-MTF ne-FTM njengokhetho lwezesini olubhalisiweyo ngo-2002.
Uphononongo olwenziwa ngo-2008 lwaphetha ukuba phakathi kwabantu baseCalifornia, ama-6.8% ayenayo i- HIV .
Le yile nqanaba eliphakamileyo kakhulu leliphi na iqela eliseburhulumenteni, kuquka nabesilisa abalala ngokwesini (MSM) . Ngaphezu koko, amaAfrika aseMelika asekuhlaleni kwe-transgender ayinqanaba lokusuleleka malunga ne-29%.
INTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO phakathi kwabantu base-transgender ihlala ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ingabonwanga, kwintlalo yoluntu. Imibono yezenzo zenkcubeko ngezo zesini kunye nomsebenzi wesini ukuze kulungelelaniswe uluntu ngokubanzi, ukubeka amadoda nabesifazane besahluko ekukhuseleni ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye nokuqhubeka kwezifo.
Ukuchaza iTransgender
I- transgender yegama eli gama elibandakanya umntu onobuni bobulili kunye nokubonakalisa kwakhe kwahluke kwizinto ezilindelwe ngenxa yesini sokuzalwa kwabo. Ubunikazi bezityalo eziwela phantsi kwe-umbrella we-transgender ziquka:
- Umnqamlezo-umntu ogqoke impahla edlalwa ngesini esahlukileyo
- Ubuni-bobulili - abo bavakalelwa ngesini sabo kubandakanya abesilisa nabesifazana
- I-Transsexual - abo bafumana ubungqina babo besini bubangqubuzana nesondo sabo se-anatomical. Aba bantu banomuzwa wokuthi umzimba wabo wesimo awubonakali okwenene ngokwesini.
- I-Transvestite enye (ixesha elidlulileyo) kwikota yomgcini
- I-Cisgender - umntu ochaza ngesini abanikezwe ngexesha lokuzalwa
- I-Genderqueer - isetyenziswe ukuchaza umntu ochonga njengabesilisa nabesifazana; yindoda engabhinqa; okanye ngesini ngaphandle kwenkqubo yesibini yemveli (yesilisa neyesetyhini)
Akuqhelekanga ukuba abantu badibanise ubungqina bobulili kunye nokuqhelana ngesondo, okanye ukudibanisa ezimbini xa kungekho mbutho ukhona. Ngenkcazo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kuchaza umzekelo wesithandane, ukuthandana okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokwesini komnye umntu. Ingqiqo yenzululwazi kukuba ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo akukhethi kukhetho kwaye kunokuba kuthathelwe ingxube ye-hormonal and genetic factors ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kwe-uterine.
Ubuni besazisi, ngokuchaseneyo, bubhekisela kwisini okanye ngabafana abakhethiweyo. Ubume bentlobo buya kutshintshwa ngexesha elizeleyo kwaye alisoloko luhambelana nokuqhelana ngesondo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umntu ozelwe yindoda echaza njengowesifazana, unokuba ngumntu wesini, ulwabelana ngesondo okanye ulingqingili.
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo phakathi kweTransgender People
Nangona iindawo zokudlulisa kwi-transgender kuluntu zifana naluphi na uluntu, kukho ezinye izinto ezibeka abantu abadlulayo kwi-HIV engaphezulu.
- Uloyiko kunye nomngcipheko wokubhengezwa kaninzi kwenza kube nzima ukuchonga nokufikelela kumalungu omphakathi we-transgender. Akunakwenzeka nje kuphela ukuba kube nzima ukuzama ukukhusela, izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zokusasaza zihlala zingabalulekanga kubemi okanye, ngokubi nakakhulu, ngokwesini.
- Ngokubanzi, abo bachonga njenge-transgender bayayiqonda indlela yabo yokuphila ngayo eyahlukileyo kunokuba abantu bezonyango babeza kuba. Ngaphandle kwenkalo efanayo, ukukhuthazwa kwempilo kunye nemfundo kuba nzima. Uluntu lwezonyango luhlala lugxininisekile kuluhlu lolwazi, okwenza ukukhuthazwa kwezempilo kunye nemfundo kunzima nakakhulu.
- Abo bachonga njenge-transgender bahlala bezama ukulala ngesondo kwaye banokuthi babone ingozi ngokungafaniyo-bathi, phakathi kwezikreqo ze-MTF ezichonga njengezontsi. Ukongezelela, baninzi ababandakanyeka emsebenzini wokulala ngokwesini ukuxhasa izilwanyana; ukwenza imali ye-hormonal therapy; okanye ngenxa yokuba ubandlululo lomsebenzi lubabeka ekungciphekweni kwezoqoqosho. Ukwabelana ngeenaliti kuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabo bafaka ii-hormone zanda ngakumbi nangomngcipheko wokusasazwa.
Yintoni Enokuyenza?
Izikhelo kunyango, ukunakekelwa kunye nokufikelela kubonakala kwimimandla apho i-transgender i-rates ephezulu iphezulu. Inzame yokwandiswa yenzelwa ukuzalisa ezi zikhethi, ukudibanisa iinkonzo ezithile ze-transgender ezibonelela ngamalungu oluntu ngokukhuselekileyo nokufihlakeleyo ukuvavanya, unyango kunye nenkxaso.
Iingongoma ezibalulekileyo zeenkonzo ze-HIV ze-transgender:
- Ababoneleli kufuneka baqonde iimfuno zentlalo ye-transgender kwaye bahlale bejongene nemibandela yokuchongwa ngokwesini kunye nobuni.
- Iinkampani zomshuwalense kufuneka ziqonde ukubaluleka kwonyango lwama-hormonal kwaye zenze umgudu ongcono wokubonelela unyango olunokuthethelela ngokunyamekela.
- Imfundo yokukhusela imele ijoliswe ngqo kwingingqi ye-transgender ngendlela ejongene nezidingo zabo, ukukhathazeka kunye nokwesaba.
- Ababoneleli ngabanye kufuneka banakekele ngokukhethekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigulane zabo ziziva zikhuselekile ukuchazela ubume babo besini kunye nokuhlonipha imigaqo yalezo zizazisi emva kokuba zichazwe (oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-transgender "yena" okanye "yena").
Umthombo:
UHerbst, J. et al; "Ukulinganisa ukuThuthukiswa kweNtsholongwane kaGawulayo kunye neengozi zoLuntu lwe-Transgender eUnited States: Uhlolo lokuHlola." AIDS Behavio r. Ja nuwari 2008; 2 (1): 1-17.