Ukuba unombono womshuwalense, mhlawumbi uye waqaphela ukuba icebo lakho libandakanya "ukuchithwa." Ukugxeka kukuvanywa ukuba i-optometrists kunye ne-ophthalmologists zisebenzisa ukulinganisa impazamo yomntu. Iphutha lokuphikisa xa iso lakho lingaguquli ukukhanya efika kwiliso lakho ngokufanelekileyo njengoko lidlula kwi-cornea, i-lens crystalline kunye neendaba eziphathekayo ukuze zifike ekugqibeleni, kugxilwe ngokucacileyo kwi-retina yakho.
Uvavanyo lokutshatyalaliswa luya kuxela i-optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist yintoni umyalelo wentsholongwane oyifunayo ukuze ube nombono oqhelekileyo we-20/20.
"Oyedwa okanye ezimbini?"
Uninzi lwabantu abaye bahlolwa ngamehlo bayakukhumbula ukukhutshwa njengenxalenye yoviwo apho ugqirha abuza khona, "Yiyiphi i-lens ecacileyo okanye i-lens engcono enye okanye i-lens ezimbini, okanye zibonakala zifana na? iya kuphazamisa umboniso wakho usebenzisa i- phoropter , isixhobo esinezikhulu zamaninzi , ukucacisa nayiphina impazamo yokuphika njengokuba kukujonga , ukujonga izinto , ukujonga i- astigmatism , okanye i- presbyopia .
Ezinye iindlela zokuKhoxiswa
Izindlela eziliqela zingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukukhutshwa okanye ukuphambuka kwephutha. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ndlela zisebenziswa njengendlela yokulinganisa okanye umlinganiselo ophantsi okanye zombini kuxhomekeke kwinto efunwa ngugqirha. Ngamnye unikela ulwazi oluthile kumgqirha ukuze kwenziwe isicwangciso esilungileyo sokulungisa impazamo yokuphikisa ngeeklasi, ii-lens zokuthintana, i-corneal refractive therapy okanye ukuhlinzwa ngokutsha.
- I-Retinoscopy - I-Retinoscopy yindlela ephambili eyenziwa oogqirha bamajoni kunye neengcali ukugqiba impazamo yakho yokuphika kunye nomyalelo wakho wokulungisa iilensi. I-Retinoscopy ithathwa njengendlela "injongo" kuba imilinganiselo ifumaneka ngaphandle kokusebenzisana okanye ulwazi oluzimeleyo kwisigulane. Igama elithi retinoscopy ngokwezwi lithetha "ukuhlolwa kwe-retina." Ngokusebenzisa i-retinoscopy, ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana unokukwazi ukubona ubukho kunye nesantya se-myopia, hyperopia, okanye emmetropia . Oogqirha basebenzisa i-retinoscope ukwenza i-retinoscopy. I-retinoscope iyisistim egcinwe ngesandla kunye nesixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu oogqirha bamajoni amaninzi.
- Ukuzimela ngokusemthethweni - I-refraction inokulinganiswa kusetyenziswa i-autorefractor. Umgxeki wecandelo lolawulo olusetyenziso lusetyenziso olusebenzisa imibala elula kunye nekhompyutheni ukulinganisa indlela ukukhanya kukhangela ngayo iliso lakho. Uninzi lwamagqirha iliso basebenzisa i-autorefractor ngokuqhelekileyo ukuphuhlisa iqalo lokuqala ukuze baqhathanise ne-retinoscopy okanye i-ptopter refraction.
- I-front-refraction - I-front front refraction isebenzisa i-abberrometer ukulinganisa iingxaki ze-refraction eziphezulu ze-system optical system. I-abberrometer ikhiqiza imephu ebizwa ngokuba yinto "yeprint fingerprint" yeso "ngenxa yokuba ihlukile kwaye ayifani nayiphi na inkqubo yomntu. Ngokungafani nemilinganiselo yembono yendabuko, efuna igalelo elizimeleyo kwisigulane, i-aberrometer ithatha imizuzwana kuphela ukufumana imilinganiselo kwaye ayifuni ukuba ube negalelo lesigulane. Nangona yindlela ephakamileyo yokulinganisa iphutha lomntu lokuphikisa, asikafumani indlela efanelekileyo yokumisela umphumo. Abavelisi abafumananga indlela yokubeka i-refraction in front in glass and eye lenses.
- Ukubonakaliswa kwesibonakaliso - Ukuchithwa kwembonakalo yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa impazamo yokuphikisa. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ngokuqhelekileyo inxalenye apho isigulane siboniswa ukhetho kwaye ibandakanyeka kwinkqubo. Kubizwa ngokuba kubonakale kuba umlinganiselo wokuqhawula phambi kokuba nayiphi na ihlahlo lehlohlo lifakelwe okanye nayiphi na into engayitshintsha imilinganiselo. Ingumlinganiselo njengoko isigulane sinobomi boqobo. Ukukhutshwa komonakalo kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa umgca wezandla zomthonyama okanye umququzeli othe ngqo. Umtshini ozenzekelayo uyaqhubeka ulawulwa ngugqirha kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ukukhawuleza kwaye zonke iimvavanyo ziqhutywa yikhompyutha.
- I-Cycloplegic refraction - I-cycloplegic refraction yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukucacisa impazamo yomntu yokuphambuka ngokukhawuleza ukuphazamiseka kweemisipha ezisiza ekugxininiseni iliso. Amaconsi e-cycloplegic asetshenziselwa ukukhubazeka okwethutyana okanye ukuphucula umzimba we-ciliary, okanye ukugxila kwe-muscle, kwamehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuchithwa kwe-Cycloplegic kusetyenziswa xa uvavanya umbono wabantwana kunye nabantu abadala abasenokuba ngabanye bahlala phantsi okanye bagxininise amehlo abo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo , okwenza iziphumo zingavumelekanga. I-cycloplegic refraction iyenziwa njengenxalenye yokulungiswa kombono we-laser okanye ukubonisana kwe-LASIK ukucacisa impazamo ye-refractive ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuqhutyelwa ngophenyo lweziliso.
> Umthombo:
> I-National Eye Institute, iiNational Institutes of Health. Amaqiniso NgamaPhutha okuHlola, ngo-Okthoba 2010.