Usulelo lwe-tapeworms ngumngcipheko wokutya ongaphunyiweyo okanye inyama eluhlaza okanye intlanzi
Uninzi olusulelekileyo lwe-tapeworms, olubizwa nangokuthi yi-taeniasis, luvela kukutya okuphekiweyo okanye inyama eluhlaza, ingulube okanye intlanzi. Isizathu sesibini esingaqhelekanga sisisifo xa umntu osulelekileyo ehambisa isifo kwabanye. Oku kwenzeka, umzekelo, ngokungahlambululi izandla kakuhle emva kokuya kwindawo yokuhlambela kwaye upheka ukutya. Abantu abahlala kufuphi kufuphi nemfuyo okanye izilwanyana ezizihlawulelwayo kunye / okanye ukucoceka kococeko kunomngcipheko omkhulu wokuhlaselwa kwintsholongwane ye-tapeworm.
Usulelo lwe-tapeworm luyaxhaphaka kwiindawo eziphuhlisayo zehlabathi apho ukucoceka kuhlwempuzekileyo kwaye abantu banokutya ukutya okudliwayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhamba kule mimandla kukunye umngcipheko, kwaye ukunyanga isifo emva kokuxilongwa kubalulekile ukunqanda ukusabalalisa.
Indlela Ukugula Kuye kwenzeka
Iipeweworms zidla ngokubhekisela kuhlobo lwesilwanyana abachaphazelayo: iTaenia saginata (yenkomo yenkomo yenkomo), iTaenia solium (i-pork tapeworm) kunye neTaenia asiatica (i-Asian tapeworm, echaphazela ingulube). I-Diphyllobothrium latum luhlobo lwe-tapeworm ebanzi echaphazela intlanzi yamanzi. EUnited States, ukuthunyelwa kwe-porcelain tapeworm ( T solium) yinkxalabo enkulu kubantu abafudukela kwamanye amazwe. Usulelo lwe-tapeworm lungabangela ingxaki enkulu yengqondo ebizwa nge-neurocysticercosis.
Ii-tapeworms ziqala umjikelezo wobomi njengeqanda. Amaqanda angaphila ngaphandle komntu wezilwanyana okanye iintsapho iintsuku okanye iinyanga kwaye angangcolisa ukutya okanye izityalo, ezinokudliwa yimfuyo (ihagu okanye iinkomo).
Amaqanda aphanga ngaphakathi kwilwanyana kwaye ke i-tapeworms encinci (i-cysticerci) isuka emathunjini ibe yinyama ye-muscle.
I-Cysticerci inokuphila kwizilwanyana zezilwanyana zeemfuyo iminyaka. Ukuba isilwanyana sivuna kwaye sidliwe ngabantu ngaphandle kokupheka ngokucokisekileyo ukubulala ama-tapeworms, i-cysticerci engenayo ingathatha indawo yokuhlala emathunjini omntu.
Kuthatha iinyanga ezimbini ukuba i-cysticerci ikhule ibe ngumntu omdala onomthamo xa ehlala emathunjini omntu. Umtsalane omdala udibanisa eludongeni lwesisu esincinci kwaye angaphila khona iminyaka (eneminyaka engama-30). I-tapeworm yabantu abadala ivelisa i-proglottids, eyona nxalenye yembungu ephethe iinxalenye zesini kunye namabhinqa. I-proglottids ikhulelwa ngamaqanda kwaye ihluke kumbungu wabo ongumzali, ohlala esebilini. Isibungu esithweleyo sidlulayo kwinkqubo yokutya kunye nangaphandle kwe-anus kunye nokunyakaza kwesisu.
Emva kokushiya umzimba kunye nesitulo, amaqanda e-tapeworm akhululwa, apho angatshitshiswa khona esinye isilwanyana okanye umntu, aqale inkqubo kwakhona.
Usulelo lweNyama
Indlela ephambili abantu abangayibambisa ngayo i-tapeworm ivela kukutya inyama, ingulube, okanye intlanzi esulelwe nge-tapeworms. Ukuba isilwanyana siphelelekile inyama iya kubakho i-larva okanye amaqanda.
Nangona ukupheka ngokufanelekileyo kunye / okanye ukupheka kwezilwanyana kunokubulala ama-tapeworms, xa naluphi na umgca wenyama unqatshelwe ukuba unesifo nantoni na i-pathogen yindlela efanelekileyo yokuyenza. Ukupheka kakuhle ukutya kunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba uqulethe iipasisiti eziphilayo, kodwa inyama eluhlaza, iinkuku kunye nentlanzi ziza kungabikho nxamnye nokukhuselwa kwaye kufuneka ziphephe.
Inhlanzi e ngaphantsi
Iibhawubhu ezibanzi ezichaphazela iintlanzi zihlala zifumaneka kwiintlobo zamanzi ezintle ezifana ne-salmon, i-trout, i-perch kunye ne-pike ekhonjiweyo. Iintlanzi ezikhethiweyo, ukutshaya, okanye "ukucocwa ngetyuwa" zingenakupheka okanye zonyango ngendlela eya kubulala ezi mpuphu. Usulelo lwalolu hlobo lwe-tapeworm lufumaneka ngokubanzi kwiintlanzi ezisuka kwi-Northern hemisphere.
Ukutya Xa Uhamba
Ukuhamba ukuya kumazwe angaphantsi kwexesha kunokubeka abahamba ngengozini yokuthenga ii-tapeworms kuba usuleleko luqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwe-United States. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba intlanzi kunye nenyama ziphekwe ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye enye ukutya (kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno) zilungiselelwe ngamanzi abilayo okanye aphethwe ngamachiza ukuze abulale amagciwane.
Ukuba unamathandabuzo, thintela isidlo.
Usulelo lwabantu
Abantu nabo banokusuleleka nge-tapeworms ngokusebenzisa abanye abantu, nangona oku akuqhelekanga. Umntu osulelekileyo uya kudlula amaqanda kwi-tapeworm kwiindawo zawo. Ukuba umntu onentsholongwane uyathinta isitoli sabo ngexesha lokunyakaza, amaqanda angama-tapeworm anganyuka ezandleni zabo aze adluliselwe kwezinye izinto okanye ukutya.
Ukuhlamba izandla kunye nesepha kunye namanzi afudumele kunokususa amaqanda, kodwa ukuba umntu onentsholongwane akayi (okanye akakwazi) ukwenza oko emva kokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, anokusasaza amaqanda kwabanye abantu.
Thintelo
Unokuthatha amanyathelo okubulala ii-tapeworms ukuba ulungele ngokufanelekileyo kwaye upheke ukutya kwakho.
Ukutya
Ukupheka ngokufanelekileyo ukutya kunye nokuzipholisa kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo kunokunceda ukubulala nayiphi na i-tapeworms ehlala ihlala kuyo. Inyama kufuneka iphekwe deze ukuba isikhungo asisapinki kwaye amajusi ahamba kakuhle. Ukongeza, ukuvumela inyama yokuphumla ubuncinane imizuzu emithathu ngaphambi kokuyikhonza iya kunceda ukubulala nayiphi na i-tapeworms kuba inyama iyaqhubeka ipheka xa iphumla.
I-FDA icebisa ezi zikhokelo:
- Ukufisa inyama okanye ingulube kwi -4 degrees F (-20 degrees C) kwiintsuku ezingama-7
- Ukupheka inyama inyama kunye neenkukhu kwiqondo langaphakathi lokushisa ubuncinane ubuncinane be-degrees F (71 degrees C)
- Ukupheka ukucutha kwenyama yonke kwiqondo langaphakathi lokushisa okungenani ama-degrees ama-145 (malunga nama-degrees C)
Intlanzi
Intlanzi kufuneka iphekwe kuze kube yinto ephosakeleyo kwaye ngumbala oqinileyo. I-FDA icebisa ukuba intlanzi kufuneka iphekwe ukushisa kwangaphakathi kwama-degrees F (malunga no-63 degrees C). Ukukhupha ubuncinane ubuncinane -4 degrees (-20 degrees C) ngeveki (iintsuku ezi-7) kuya kutshabalalisa i-tapeworms. Amashisa aphantsi angasetyenziselwa ixesha elifutshane lokubulala ama-tapeworms, kuquka:
- Ukuqhwala kude kube yomelele kwi-31 degrees F (-35 degrees C) okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye ukugcina kule bushushu okanye ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-15
- Ukuqhwala kude kube ngu-31 degrees F (-35 degrees C) kwaye ugcine iihora ezingama-24 kwi--4 degrees (-20 degrees C)
> Imithombo:
> Impilo Yomhlaba Wonke - Ulwabiwo lwezifo eziPasasitic. "I-Diphyllobothrium latum (kunye nezinye iintlobo)." Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. 10 Jan 2012.
> Impilo Yomhlaba Wonke - Ulwabiwo lwezifo eziPasasitic. "Taeniasis FAQs". Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. 10 uJanuwari 2013.
> Impilo Yomhlaba Wonke - Ulwabiwo lwezifo eziPasasitic. "ITaeniasis Biology." Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. 10 uJanuwari 2013.
> Isebe lezeMpilo laseMzantsi Afrika kunye neNkonzo zoLuntu. "Ukuphathwa kokutya okukhuselekileyo: Okokufuneka Ukwazi." Ukutya kwe-US kunye noLawulo lweeDrug.