Zonke iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa ziqukethe i-estrogen (ngokuqhelekileyo i- ethinyl estradiol ) kunye neprogesin. Iprogesin yegama lisetyenziselwa nayiphi na into eyenziwa yendalo okanye eyenziwe ngumntu eneendawo ezifana neprogesterone yemvelo. Ngokuchasene ne-estrogen, kukho ezininzi iintlobo zeprogesin ezifunyenwe kwimveliso eyahlukeneyo yokukhulelwa komlomo. Iindidi ze-progestin ezindala zibizwa ngokuba yizizukulwana zokuqala nezesibili ngelixa abatsha babizwa ngokuba yizizukulwana zesithathu (kunye neyesine).
Iimali zeProgesin:
Ukuthelekisa i-estrogen ilula kakuhle kuba zonke iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa zisebenzisa uhlobo olufanayo lwe-estrogen; oku kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuthelekisa ama-dosage ngokubungakanani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokuba iipilisi zisebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeprogesin (ngasinye sinamandla ahlukeneyo), kunzima ukuthelekisa amanqanaba aseprogestin kwiipilisi. Inani leprogesin elifumaneka kwiipilisi zokulawula izibelelo lincinci kwaye lidla ngokubhekiselele kwiiligidigram (mg). Oko kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nangona amabini amabini anesifo se progestin esifanayo, anokuba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeprogestin, ngoko ukuba i-potency ingahluka ngokubanzi.
Iintlobo zeProgestin:
Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zeprogesin , kwaye nganye ineprofayili eyahlukileyo ngokwemiqathango yeprogestational, isrogenic, kunye ne- androgenic kunye / okanye nemiphumo. Umphumo wale miphumo kuxhomekeke ekudibaniseni uhlobo kunye nenqanaba leprogestin kunye ne-estrogen.
Ngenxa yokuba amahomoni atholakala kwipilisi nganye iyahluka, kwaye ngenxa yokuba nganye ibhinqa isabela ngokuhlukileyo kwipilisi, ezi zikhokelo eziqhelekileyo zingenakusebenza kubo bonke abafazi. Ukuqonda kangcono indlela i-progestin ingabalwa ngayo, kuyakunceda ukucacisa ukuba yintoni umphumo weprogestin onokuthi ube nayo kumzimba wesetyhini.
- Iimpembelelo zeProgesational: Imiphumo ye- progestational ibhekisela kwindlela i-progestin eyenza ngayo i-progesterone receptors (ngaloo ndlela inceda ukukhusela i-ovulation nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwindoda). Ixesha elifanayo likhethiweyo lenkqubo ye-progestational, yimalini apho imiphumo ye-progestational iphezulu kwaye imiphumo ye-androgenic iyancishiswa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, injongo yepilisi yokulawula ukuzalwa kukufezekisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhethwa kweprogesational.
- Iimpembelelo zeAndrogenic: Iimpembelelo ze- Androgenic zibhekisela kwimeko yokuba i-progesin ingabangela iziphumo ezimbi ezingathandekiyo. I-progesins ene-high androgenic eyenzekayo inganyusa amathuba okuba necala le-androgen elichaphazelekayo elibandakanya i- acne kunye ne- hirututism (ukukhula kweenwele ezingafunekiyo zabasetyhini).
Kwakhona, i-progestins nge-androgenic encinci yezenzo zivame ukuba nefuthe elincinci kwi-carbohydrates metabolism, yindlela umzimba ophuka ngayo kwaye uvelise ushukela olula kwiinqununu ezincinci eziza kusetyenziswa ngumzimba ngamandla. - Iimpembelelo ze-Estrogenic: Umsebenzi we-Estrogenic uhambelana no-ethinyl estradiol, uhlobo lwe-estrogen eyenziwe kwiipilisi zolawulo lokuzalwa. Inombolo ephezulu ye-micrograms ye-ethinyl estradiol ikhokelela kwimiphumo engaphezulu ye-estrogenic. Isixa esiphezulu somsebenzi we-estrogenic sinceda ukunciphisa i-side effects effects androgen. Nangona kunjalo, i-progestins ithambekele ekunciphiseni ezinye zeziphumo ze-estrogenic ze-ethinyl estradiol.
Ulwahlulo lweeProgestins:
Ukudibanisa iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa kubandakanya i-estrogen kunye neprogesin enye. Kukho iintlobo ezisibhozo zeepestins. Uninzi lwama-progestin alungelelaniso yimveliso yamachiza ye testosterone (eyaziwa njenge-19-nortestosterone derivatives).
Iipilisi zokulawulwa kokuzalwa ezifumaneka phantsi kwe-19-nortestosterone zingaphinda zahlulwe zibe ziintsapho ezimbini: i-estrane kunye ne-gonane.
- I-family ye-estrane (ngokuqhelekileyo, i-progestin yesizukulwana sokuqala) iqukethe i-norethindrone kunye nezinye i-progestins ezenza i-norethindrone. Ezi ziquka i-norethindrone acetate kunye ne-ethynodiol diacetate.
- Intsapho yaseGonane : Olu hlobo luhlukaniswe ngokwamaqela amabini:
I-progestins yesizukulwana sesibini, elinezigaba ezihlukeneyo ze-androgenic kunye ne-estrogenic. Ezi ziquka i-levonorgestrel kunye ne-norgestrel.
I-gonanes entsha, okanye iprogesin yesizukulwana sesithathu; Ezi zichazwe ukuba zineempembelelo ezincinci kwaye zibandakanya i-desogestrel kwaye zihambelana.
- I-Drospirenone , i-progestin yokugqibela, nayo iyona isitsha esitsha (4th). I-Drospirenone yi-progestin ekhethekileyo njengoko ihluke kwabanye kuba ivela kwi-17a-spirolactone, kungekhona kwii-nortestosterone ezi-19.
Ngokuqhelekileyo isizukulwana sesithathu (kunye nesine) sihlala sikhetha ukukhetha kwaye sinempahla ephantsi kunye ne-androgenic. Ezi zibandakanya ukukhawuleza, i-desogestrel, kunye ne-drospirenone. Kukho ubungqina bokubonisa ukuba inzala yesithathu ye-progestin ingathatha umngcipheko ophezulu wamacandelo egazi .