Ukuxilonga okungaphezu kwama-9,500 kubhalwe kwi-US rhoqo imihla
Umhlaza wesikhumba uchazwa ngokubanzi njengokukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga, eziguqulwe, ezingakhokelela ekubunjweni nasekukhuleni kwezicubu esikhumbeni. Kwakhona luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza e-US namhlanje, oluchaphazela omnye kumahlanu aseMerika.
Nangona umdlavuza wesikhumba wawuthatyathwa njengento "engathà sina" kunezinye iintlobo zamanomdlavuza, ngokwenene, unokufa.
Abantu abangaba ngu-9,500 bafumaneka ukuba banomdlavuza wesikhumba eMelika yonke imihla. Kwifomu efa kakhulu (i-melanoma), umyinge wabantu abayi-9 000 baya kufa ngamnye ngonyaka ngenxa yesifo.
Iintlobo zeCancer Cancer
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesikhumba, ngasinye sinemiqondiso eyahlukeneyo:
- I-Actinic keratosis yimeko yesikhumba eqala njengeqhosha elibomvu okanye elibhinca kwiindawo zesikhumba eziye zavakala zibonakaliswe ilanga. Enye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza ongaphambi komhlaza, i-actinic keratosis inokuziva ibuhlungu xa ubeka isandla sakho phezu kwayo kwaye kulula ukuba uzive kunokuba ubone.
- I-Basal cell carcinoma yindlela eqhelekileyo yomhlaza wesikhumba, okwenza ngaphezu kwama-80 ekhulwini kuwo onke amacala. Umhlaza ohamba ngokukhawuleza oqhelekileyo ufumaneka entloko nasentanyeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala njengobomvu obomvu okanye obomvu obunqamlekileyo kwaye obunqabileyo busasazekayo (i-metastasizes) ngaphaya kwesikhumba.
- I-squamous cell carcinoma enye yeendlela ezinobundlobongela zomhlaza wesikhumba. Ikhumba elichaphazelekayo liza kubonakala libomvu, lilukhuni kunye ne-scaly. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufumaneka ezandleni, emilonyeni, ezindlebeni, nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba ezingakhuselekanga ngokufanelekileyo ngesikrini selanga.
- I-Melanoma yindlela eyingozi kakhulu yomhlaza wesikhumba, obangela iipesenti ezingama-75 zazo zonke izifo ezichaphazeleka ngumhlaza. I-Melanoma ibonakala ikhupha okanye i-lesion ngemida engavumelekanga , imo efana neyomzimba, kunye nombala omnyama okanye ogqithisiweyo.
Ukuchonga Ingozi yeCatalcer
Nangona kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wesikhumba, babelana ezininzi nezizathu ezifanayo kunye nemingcipheko.
Phakathi kwabo:
- Isikhumba esilungileyo okanye esiluhlaza sinokubeka umntu emngciphekweni ngenxa yokungabi naluphiko lwe-melanin (pigment) ekhumbeni lomntu. Ngelixa abantu abanelinen emnyama banokufumana umdlavuza, abo banesikhumba esiluhlaza badla ukufumana ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa kwimiguphu ebomvu.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwelanga yinto elawulayo ebeka umntu engozini enkulu. Ukugqithisa ngokweqile kwi-ray ye-UV yimbangela enkulu yeentlobo ezininzi zeekhenya zesikhumba, eziqhelekileyo ezixhunyaniswe nokungabikho kokukhuselwa kwintsholongwane yelanga kunye nokulimala kwelanga kwangaphambili kubangelwa ebusheni nasekuqaleni kwabantu abadala.
- Imbali yentsapho kunye nemfuza idlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ukuba ngubani okanye unokufumana umdlavuza wesikhumba. Bobabini yimiba esiyikwazi ukuyilawula kodwa yona ingasenza siqonde ngakumbi iindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yomntu.
Ukuthintela umdlavuza wesikhumba
Ukuze ugweme ukufumana umdlavuza wesikhumba, soloko usenza into ehlakaniphile kwaye unciphise ukukhanya kwakho kwelanga, ngakumbi xa iphakamileyo kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweeyure ezili-10 ukuya ku-4 ntambama Ukongeza:
- Khetha i-sunscreen ngexabiso lokukhusela ilanga (SPF) ubuncinci be-15.
- Sebenzisa i-sunscreen imihla ngemihla kungakhathaliseki ukuba imozulu. Phinda usebenzise kwakhona iiyure ezimbini ukuba uhlala ngaphandle okanye naliphi na ixesha ufumana umanzi okanye uphuthumele. Jonga umhla wokuphela.
- Gubungela iingalo zakho nemilenze nanini xa kunokwenzeka, ngokufanelekileyo kunye neebhulukhwe kunye nemikhono emide. Gqoka isigqoko kunye nezibuko zelanga (ngokufanelekileyo nokukhuselwa kwe-UV) ukukhusela kakuhle intloko, intamo kunye namehlo.
- Ukuba kufuneka ube ngaphandle kwelanga elangeni, hlala emthunzini okanye ngaphantsi kwesambulela ngokubanzi.
Xa usesekhaya, kufuneka uhlale uzikhumbuza ukuba ukhangele naziphi na iimpawu ezingavamile okanye eziphazamisayo ezinokuthi ziphuhlise esikhumbeni.
Nangona umdlavuza wesikhumba uphathwe kakhulu, ingakumbi xa ubanjwe kumanyathelo okuqala, ukufunyanwa kubalulekile. Ngokubona izibonakaliso zomhlaza ekuqaleni, unako ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuphathwa ngempumelelo.
Umthombo
- > INational Cancer Institute. "Okufuneka Ukwazi NgeMelanoma Nezinye Iikhenkce Zesikhumba ." Cancer.gov. Oktobha 2010; Rockville, Maryland; Upapasho lwe-NIH 10-7625.