Isimo sengqondo somphicothi singafaniswa nezinye iindlela zokucalucalulo
Uphicotho-zincwadi ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kubantu abazizithulu okanye abanzima bokuva. Ngokuqhelekileyo kucatshangelwa njengoluhlobo lobandlululo, ukubandlulula, okanye ukungabikho kokuzikhethela ukufumana abo abangenakuva. Abo babambe iimbono zibizwa ngokuba ngabaphicothi-zincwadi kunye nezimo zengcinezelo zingaphatha iifom ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuqonda uVavanyo
Ixesha lokuphicothwa kwemali lokuqala liqulunqwe nguTom Humphries kwisiqu sakhe soogqirha sazo ngo-1977 esithi "Ukuthetha ngeentlanga (ukuSizwi-Ukuva) nokuFunda kweeLwimi.
"Kulo, iHumphries ichaza ukuba," Incamango yokuba umntu uphezulu ngokusetyenziselwa umntu okanye ukuziphatha ngendlela evelayo. "
Uphicotho-zincwadi luye lwafunyanwa kwamanye amaxesha amaninzi kwiminyaka. Phakathi kwabo bahlolisise le meko ngobunzulu bunzulu nguHarlan Lane. Incwadi Yakhe, "iMask of Benevolence: Ukukhubaza uMbutho weNtsifo," ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele ekuphicothweni. Nangona i-Humphries ithatha indlela eya kwindlela yokuvalelwa kwintetho, iLane ibhekiselele kwindawo ebanzi yoluntu kunye noluntu lonke.
ILayibrari yeYunivesithi yaseGaludududon inikeza icatshulwa elimangalisayo kwiLane. Ifundwa, inxalenye, "ngcaciso emfutshane, ukuphicothwa kwengxelo yindlela yokuphulaphula, ukulungiswa kwakhona, nokusebenzisa igunya phezu kwabantu abayizithulu."
Iifomu zoPhicotho-zincwadi
Uphicotho-zincwadi lunokufumaneka kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoluntu. Iyakuchukumisa umsebenzi womntu, imfundo, iimeko zokuphila, okanye nje ukufakwa kwingxoxo engafanelekanga.
Sekunjalo, kwakhona kubhekiselelwe ukuba abantu abavayo kunye nabazithulu banakho ukujonga iingcamango.
Phakathi kweendlela iindlela zokuphicothwa kweengxelo ezinokungqinelwa ngayo zi:
- Ukwenqaba okanye ukungaphumeleli ukusebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla phambi komntu oxhomekeke kulwimi, nangona uyazi ukuba ungasayina.
- Ukuphazamisa isisithulu okanye ukuva ngomntu ovavayo ngenxa yobuthakathaka beselwimi, nangona banamandla ngolwimi lwezandla.
- Ukugxininisa ukuba abantu abayizithulu nabanzima bokuva bayavumelana nendawo yoluntu.
- Ukungafuni ukufumana izidingo zomntu othile.
- Ukunciphisa ukulindela malunga nemfundo okanye amandla okusebenza ngenxa yokuba abanakuva.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukuphicothwa kwemali akubhekiseli kubantu abangenako ukuqhelanisa nesithethe sentsiba. Njengoko abalobi bewebhusayithi yeThafi-Choice bathi, ukuba awuqhelani nabantu abangevayo, unganakulindela ukwazi yonke "imigaqo" egqityiweyo esekelwe kuyo ukuze ithathwe njengento ehloniphekileyo.
Kunoko, itekiti yophicothi-zincwadi isetyenziswe rhoqo kulabo abanolwazi lwezithethe zintsifo kodwa ukhethe, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile okanye enye, ukuyihoxisa okanye uyilahle. Njengawo nawuphi na uhlobo localulo, injongo kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ixoxa ngokuphicotha.
Uphicotho-zincwadi kunye neNkohlakalo
Abantu abazizithulu banekratshi elithile elisoloko lichazwe yinkcubeko yezithulu . Ngokuqondakalayo, ukuphicothwa kwemisebenzi kaninzi kubangela indlela yokuthetha ngayo loo ndawo. Njengoko unako ukufumana iingqungquthela zobuhlanga okanye ubulili kwisithethe, unokufumana iindatshana zophicotho-zincwadi kwizithethe ezizithulu.
Ngokomzekelo, inani elithile labantu abaye bahlangana neengcinga zophicotho-zincwadi babhala ngazo kwiincwadi, kwimidlalo, kwiingoma kunye nezinye iindawo.
Kwakhona sihloko esivakalayo kumaphephandaba abafundi abazithulu nabaphandi abanomdla kwiinkalo zoluntu kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu.
Ngokufanayo, imibutho ekhuthaza abantu abazizithulu ihlala ithatha inxaxheba ekulwa nokuphicothwa kwemali. Inkampani yaseCanada yeZiThulu ezibonisa ukuba ukuphicothwa kwemali kwenzeka kuzo zonke izigaba zoluntu kwaye kuyifumana njengento engavumelekanga njengawo nawuphi na uhlobo lokuxhatshazwa. UMbutho weSizwe weZiThulu e-US uquka "ukupheliswa kophicotho-zincwadi, ulwimi, ubuhlanga, kunye nezinye iindlela zokucalucalulo" kwingxelo yabo kwimilinganiselo yoluntu.
ILizwi
Uphicotho-zincwadi luyinyani njengalowo nawuphi uhlobo lokucalucalulo kunye nefuthe layo linokuvakalelwa ngokukodwa ngabantu abazizithulu nabanzima bokuva.
Ingcamango enhle yokuba wonke umntu enze konke okusemandleni akhe ukuba ahlale ejongene nombandela. Ukuzifundisa ngeenkcubeko zezithulu yindlela enye onokukunceda ngayo.
> Umthombo:
> Eckert RC, uRowley AJ. Uphicotho-zincwadi: Inkolelo kunye nokuSebenza koLuntu ilungelo. Ubuntu kunye noMbutho. 2013; 37 (2): 101-130. i-doi: doi.org/10.1177/0160597613481731.
> Deaf Choice, Inc. Yintoni Uphicotho-zincwadi? DeafChoice.com 2012.
> Harrington T, Jacobi L. Yintoni ukuphicothwa kwemali: Isingeniso. Library yaseYunivesithi yaseGallaudet. 2009.
> Humphries T. Ukuqhagamshelana Namazwe Aphela (IziNdlebe-Ukuva) kunye noLwimi lokuFunda. I-Union Institute kunye neYunivesithi, iProteQuest Dissertations Publishing. 1977. DP10817.