Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100 baseMelika bafumana uhlobo lweentlungu ezihlala kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka. Ngaphezu koko, wonke umntu ubandezeleka ngexeshana kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo ebomini babo, nokuba ngaba ngenxa yentloko, inyosi elinegciwane, i-cut cut or broken bone, njl. Nangona kulula ukucinga nje "intlungu ibuhlungu," into enzima kakhulu .
I-International Association for the Study of Pain ichaza intlungu "njengento engathandekiyo kunye namava angamavakalelo anxulumene nomonakalo okwenene okanye onokuthi umonakalo womzimba okanye ochazwe ngokwemiphumo enjalo." Ngamanye amazwi, ngelixa ngamnye wethu angakwazi ukuthetha ngokucacileyo xa kukho inxalenye ethile yomzimba wethu ubuhlungu, intlungu yethu ayikwazi ukuvavanya okanye ukulinganiswa ngabanye ngenxa yokuba siyazi kuphela indlela evakalelwa ngayo. Ugqirha akakwazi ukujonga isigulane, umzekelo, kwaye wazi ngokuchanekileyo into ebuhlungu, indlela engalunganga ngayo, nokuba yintoni intlungu efana ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, ubuhlungu kukuba nantoni na umntu ojongene nayo uthi.
Iintlobo zePain
Nangona intlungu ayikwazi ukulinganiswa ngokucacileyo, intlungu iyahlula kwiindidi ezimbini:
Ubuhlungu obuhle : Iintlungu ezinzima ziza ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokulimala, izifo, ukugula, ukusuleleka okanye ukuvuvukala. Le ntlungu ihlala ilumkisa umntu oluthile oluthile lwesifo sengqondo-njengesifo esiphukileyo, ukusika, ukuhlinzwa, ukutshisa, njl.
Nangona ubuhlungu obukhulu ngezinye iinkhathi kubangela ukuvakalelwa, ukhathazeka kunye / okanye ukungazinzi kwisigulane, intlungu kunye naziphi na iimpawu zenyama kunye / okanye iimvakalelo zihlala phantsi kwiiyure ezimbalwa, iintsuku, iiveki okanye (ngaphezulu) kwiinyanga ezintandathu, kuxhomekeka kwi sizathu. Ukuba isisiseko esingeke sifumaneke okanye sonyango, nangona kunjalo, ubuhlungu obukhulu buya kuba yintlungu engapheliyo.
Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo: Ukurhaxwa kwi-mild-to-severe, ubuhlungu obungapheliyo buhlala ixesha elide-kwiinyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi-kwaye idla ngokudibanisa nokugula-okanye ukugula. Ukuphikelela kwintlungu engapheliyo kunokubonakalisa ukuphazamiseka kwesigulane kwezinye iimeko kwaye kunokubangela ezinye iimeko, ezinjengeemvakalelo zokudakumba, ukuhoxiswa kunye / okanye ukudinwa, kunye nokulahleka kokuhamba okanye ukuzimela.
Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphatha kunye nokulawula intlungu engapheliyo , ngamanye amaxesha imbangela yentlungu engapheliyo ayifumaneki okanye iphathwe.
Indlela umzimba ubonisa ngayo ubuhlungu
Inkqubo yesantya ephakathi komzimba womntu iqulethe ingqondo kunye nomthambo womgca. Inethiwekhi enkulu yeentsholongwane (inkqubo ye-nervous system) iphuma kwintambo yomgogodla ibe kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengesikhumba sethu, izihlunu kunye nezitho. Xa kukho uhlobo oluthile lomonakalo lomzimba olwenzekayo, njengokuba usika umnwe ngelixa ucofa i-apula, ama-receptors enjenge-nociceptors athumela iimpawu kunye neentsimbi zomnwe ngomnwe kumgca wesipelini, esithumela lo myalezo kwingqondo. Kulapho, ingqondo iqhuba ulwazi kwaye ivuselela ngokukhawuleza izimpendulo zakho zomzimba, zengqondo kunye neengqondo.
Ama-nociceptors emzimbeni wethu afumanisa ukulimala kwiisisu zethu, ezinokuthi ziwele kwiintlobo ezimbini.
Intlungu yoSomatic ibangelwa ukulimala kumathambo ethu, amaqhina okanye iifom, ezifana nezihlunu zethu kunye nesikhumba. Iintlungu zakwaSomatic zihlala zihlala kwindawo kwaye zidlalwa ngokugqithisileyo, ezibuhlungu, ezikhukhulayo, eziqhaqhazelayo okanye ezigubhayo. Imizekelo yeentlungu zengqondo ziquka i-bone fractures, umhlaza wesifo se-metastatic bone, i-tumor, kunye ne-arthritis.
I-Nociceptors iphinda ibone ukuvuvukala, ukuhanjiswa okanye ukunweba kwamalungu ethu angaphakathi, okubangela intlungu ebuhlungu. Olu hlobo lentlungu ngokuqhelekileyo alukho ndawo kwaye ludlalwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuxubha, intlungu "enzulu" okanye uxinzelelo. Imizekelo ibandakanya intlungu esiswini kwisithintelo sesilonda, kunye nentlungu kwisandla sokhohlo kunye / okanye umhlathi osuka kwi-infyoction ye-myocardial (intliziyo yesifo).
Ukuba izithambo ngokwazo zonakaliswe okanye ziyeke ukusebenza kwiinkqubo zesisiseko okanye zomhlaba, izigulane zinokubuhlungu kwintlungu. Le ntlungu idla ngokuchazwa njengokutshisa, ukubetha, ukudubula, ukugwaza okanye ukuthusa. Ukulimala kwingqondo, izicubu zeengqondo , isifo sesifo sikashukela, kunye ne-herpes zoster yiyo yonke imizekelo yezinto ezinokubangela ubuhlungu be-neuropathic, ezinokuba lunzima ukunyanga kunokuba ubuhlungu bubuhlungu.
Ubunzima kunye noKhathalelo lwePalliative
Isigulane esinyamekela unyango kunye / okanye iinkonzo zokubhedlele ziyakwazi ukufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo esihambelana nesifo esisiseko okanye ukuxilongwa kwezibhedlele. Olu hlobo lentlungu ludla ngokubhekiselele njengentlungu engapheliyo kwaye ingaba nociceptive okanye neuropathic, kodwa unokufumana ubuhlungu obukhulu. Eminye imizekelo ibandakanya intlungu esuka kwizilonda zengcinezelo (izilonda zesibhedlele), ukulimala kokuwa, okanye iziphumo ezibangelwa zizifo eziphambili, ezifana nokuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi kwisifo sesibindi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luphi uhlobo lweentlungu, ubunzima balo okanye imbangela, ukunakekelwa ngokunyamezela , kunye nokulalisa izifo zikulungele ukunyanga. Ulawulo lobuhlungu luyinjongo ephambili yokunyamekela.
> Imithombo:
> I-International Association for the Study of Pain, www.iasp-pain.org
> I-Kinzbrunner, i-Policzer, ne-Weinreb: Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezi-20: Ukuphela koKhathalelo loBomi