Ngokwe-American Diabetes Association, kwizigulane ezine-type 2 zeswekile, i-hyperglycemia (i-high blood glucose) ikhula ngokuthe gqolo kwaye, kumanyathelo okuqala, ayisoloko enzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba uqaphele nayiphi na impawu. Esi sizathu sokuba abantu abaninzi bengabonakaliyo kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa ukukwazi ukubona iimpawu zeshukela ephezulu zegazi kunokukunceda ukuba uhlolisise isifo sikashukela, ukuphatha kakuhle, nokukhusela ingxamiseko.
Kwabo bantu sele bafumene ukuba banesifo sikashukela, ukuba neswekile yegazi ephakamileyo kakhulu kunexesha eliqhelekileyo alinakukubeka engozini yangoko. Nangona kunjalo, isetyhu ephakamileyo yegazi ingaba yingxaki. Ngexesha elide, amazinga eeshukela egazi aphezulu kakhulu anokuchaphazela iinqanawa ezincinci nezikhulu zomzimba, ezibangela iingxaki zamehlo, intliziyo, iintso kunye neenyawo.
Iimpawu Zamaxesha amaninzi
Ukufumana iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-hyperglycemia kungabonakalisa isibonakaliso sesifo sikashukela kulabo abangakafumaneki. Ukuba uyazi ukuba unesifo sikashukela, ukuphawula ezi zimpawu kungabonakalisa ukuba i-tweak kwisicwangciso sonyango iyafuneka.
Ukugqithisa okugqithiseleyo (Polydipsia)
Ngomgudu wokubuyisela ukulinganiswa kweswekile yegazi, umzimba wakho uzama ukulahla i-sugar excess in the urine. Ngenxa yoko, iinjongo ziphoqelelwe ukuba zisebenze ixesha elidlulileyo lixuba i-sugar excess. Kodwa, ngenxa yokuba abakwazi ukuhambisana nomthwalo we-glucose, bathabatha ama-fluids kwiishubhu zakho kunye noswekile.
Xa umonakalo olahlekileyo ulahlekelwa, unqinelela ukuba uncede. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unako ukuphuza kwaye ungave ngathi unxanxungu lwakho luyakucinywa, okanye ukuba unomlomo owomileyo, oku kungaba ngumqondiso we-hyperglycemia.
Ukwandisa indlala (Polyphagia)
Ukwedlula ushukela kwigazi lakho kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuwusebenzisa ukuze uphethile.
Ngenxa yoko, iiseli zakho zilambile ngamandla kwaye uziziva ulambile kwaye, kwiimeko ezinzima, ezingenakukwazi ukuzithemba. Kodwa i-carbohydrate engaphezulu uyayidla, iphakamileyo i-sugar suars iphakama.
Ukunyuka kweeNyulo (Polyuria)
Uhambo oluthe gqolo ukuya kwindlu yokuhlambela, ingakumbi ebusuku, lunokuba ngumqondiso weshukela ephezulu yegazi. Esi sisiphumo sezintso ezidweba amanzi angaphezulu kwiishucu zakho ukuze unciphise ishukela elongezelelweyo egazini lakho kwaye ulilahle umchamo.
Umbono ogqithisiweyo
Amanqanaba aphezulu ashukela axinze umzimba ukuba udonse amanzi kumathishini akho, kuquka iilensi zamehlo akho, ezinokuchaphazela ukukwazi ukugxila kunye nokuphumela kumbono ontle.
Ukukhathala
Xa iswekile ihlala egazini ngokuchasene nokutshatyalaliswa kwiiseli zamandla, iiseli zakho zibulawa yindlala yokutya, zikushiye uzive ucecekile okanye unxinzekile. Oku kuya kwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo emva kokutya isidlo, ngokukodwa esisityebi kwi-carbohydrates.
Iimpawu ezinamandla
Ezi zimpawu zivame ukuba zenzeke xa umntu sele ene-hyperglycemia ixesha elide, okanye xa ushukela wegazi luphakanyisiwe kakhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubonisa imeko engxamisekileyo.
Intlungu yesisu
I-hyperglycemia engapheliyo ingabangela umonakalo wento yesisu (gastroparesis). Intlungu yesisu nayo ingabonakalisa uphawu lwe- ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela , esiphuthumayo sezonyango esifanele siphathwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuhla ukusinda
Ukulahleka kobunzima obungenalutho kubonakaliso obalulekileyo, ngokukodwa kubantwana abaselayo kunye nokuvuthwa kaninzi, ukuba iswekile yegazi iphakanyisiwe. Abantwana abaninzi abanokuthi bafumana isifo sikashukela se-type 1 balahlekelwa isisindo ngaphambi kokuxilongwa. Oku kufuthi kubakho ngenxa yokuba umzimba awukwazi ukusebenzisa ushukela egazini ukuze uphethile.
Umlomo kunye noTshintsho olushushu
Ukukhathazeka, ukuhlanza, ukuphefumula okunomsoco, ukuphefumla okukhawulezileyo nokukhawuleza, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo zibonisa ukuba kufuneka ufune uncedo oluphuthumayo. Ezi zibonakaliso zingabonakalisa izilumkiso zeemeko ezinxulumene nesifo sikashukela ezinokubangela ukufa xa kungenakuphiliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo
Ezinye iimpawu ezinqabileyo zingabonakali kubantu abane-hyperglycemia, nabo.
Ubungqina
Umonakalo wemisipha kwimida (eyaziwa njenge-peripheral neuropathy) kwenzeka ngexesha elide kwaye unokubonisa njengobunzima, ukubetha, okanye intlungu ezandleni, ezinyaweni okanye emilenzeni.
Imibandela Yesikhumba
Ikhumba elomileyo / elikhuni, amanxeba okanye amanxeba aphuculwayo ukuphilisa, kunye ne-acanthosis nigricans (iindawo ezinobungqingili, ezinobungqina obufunyenwe emacaleni okanye kwiindawo ezinjengeentamo, ezibonisa ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin) zingabonakalisa i-hyperglycemia.
Izifo zokutya eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-Erectile Dysfunction
Ezi zibonakaliso ezichaphazela amabhinqa namadoda, ngokulandelanayo.
I-hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Syndrome
I-hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma (HHNKC) yinkxalabo enzulu kakhulu enokuthi yenzeke kulabo abane-type 1 okanye uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela , kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho kulabo abangenalo insulin (kuxhomekeke kwi-2 yeswekile).
I-HHNKC ibonakaliswe ngoshukela ophezulu wegazi ophezulu ongaphezu kwe-600 mg / dL kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo iziswa ngokusuleleka ngosulelo olunjenge-pneumonia, ukusuleleka kwe-urinary tract, okanye ukukwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo iswekile yegazi. Ukuba ishiywe ingakhange ilandelwe, inokubangela ukuba i-coma ize ife.
Izimpawu ziquka:
- kunxanwa okukhulu
- kudideka
- umkhuhlane (ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwama-degrees ama-Fahrenheit ama-101)
- ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba
Indlela efanelekileyo yokukhusela i-HHNKC kukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko iyalathwayo kwaye uhlale uqhagamshelana neqela lakho lezempilo xa ushukela lakho wegazi lihlala lingaphezu kwama-300 mg / dL.
Diabetes Ketoacidosis
I-Hyperglycemia ingakhokelela kwimeko enobungozi kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-ketoacidosis yesifo sikashukela (i-DKA), eyenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kubantu abanomdla wesifo sikashukela, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo yimeko ekhokelela ekuxilongeni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela.
I-DKA ibangelwa xa umzimba unento encinci okanye ingekho i-insulin yokusebenzisa kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iishukela zegazi ziphuma kumazinga anobungozi kwaye igazi liba lukhuni. Umonakalo weselula unokwenzeka kwaye xa uqhubeka uqhubeka, kungabangela ukufa okanye ukufa. I-DKA idinga ukungenelela kwangonyango ngokukhawuleza-izigulane ezine-DKA ziza kufuneka zihlolwe ngunyango lwezonyango kwaye zinikezwa ngamanzi angama-intravenous, electrolytes, kunye ne-insulin.
Iingxaki
Ukuxhamla kunye nokuhlala kwexesha elide kungasikhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima ezibizwa ngokuba yi-micro (ezincinci) kunye nezikhulu (ezinkulu). Ziquka umonakalo ku:
- iliso (retinopathy)
- iinjongo (i-nephropathy)
- i-peripheral and autonomic neuropathy (ukulahleka kweentliziyo kwiinyawo kunye nezinye iindawo zomzimba ezifana nesisu)
Ukongezelela, iishukela zegazi eziphakanyisiweyo ezingapheliyo zingabangela okanye zenze isifo sesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo sesifo se- peripheral .
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa
I-Hyperglycemia ekukhulelwe ingaba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana kunye nomama. Ngokombutho we-American Diabetes Association, isifo sikashukela esingalawulekiyo ekukhulelweni singabangela ingozi ezifana nokukhipha isisu, ukukhulelwa komntwana, i-preeclampsia (uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalawulwa ngumama), ukutshatyalaliswa komntwana, i-macrosomia (umntwana omkhulu), u-hypoglycemia kwiintsana ekuzalweni, kunye ne-neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza, isifo sikashukela ekukhuleleni sinokunyusa umngcipheko wokukhuluphala kwaye sichaze i-2 yesifo sikashukela kwimbewu kamva ebomini.
Kwa bantwana
I-Hyperglycemia kubantwana, ingakumbi xa ingafunyanwa, ingakhokelela ekuphuhliseni uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela okanye i-ketoacidosis kulabo bantwana abane-diabetes ye-1. Abantwana abanesifo sikashukela abaye baphakamisa amanqanaba e-glucose ngokungapheliyo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba neengxaki zesifo sikashukela.
Nini ukubona iDokotela
Ukuba awunomuvo oqhelekileyo kwaye ucinge ukuba ushukela wakho wegazi uphakamileyo, vavanya ukuba uqinisekise. Ukuba isetyhu egazini lakho liphakanyiswa kwaye liyimpumelelo, iziphumo kukuba unokuzibuyisela ngokwesiqhelo ngokwakho. Hamba uhambo okanye wenze umthambo wokuzivocavoca, uphuze amanzi angaphezulu, kwaye uthathe amayeza akho njengoko kumiselwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ufumana iishukela zegazi eziphakanyisiweyo iintsuku eziliqela ezilandelelanayo, unike iqela lakho lezonyango ikhwelo, njengoko unokufuna ukucwangcisa isicwangciso sakho sokonyango.
Ukuba awunaso isifo sikashukela kwaye uqaphele nayiphi na le mpawu okanye iimpawu, kwaye zikhulu kunene okanye ziphelile okanye zineenkcukacha zentsapho yesifo sikashukela, kufuneka ulungiselele ukuqesha kunye nodokotela wakho ukuba ahlolwe. Iingxaki ze-microvascular zesifo sikashukela ziyakwenzeka ngaphambi kokuxilongwa, ngoko kukukhawuleza ufumana unyango, bhetele.
Kubazali Bantwana Abangenayo I-Diabetes
Ukuba uqaphele ukuba umntwana wakho uphuze, uyadla, kwaye ujikeleza ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuqhelekileyo, uhambo oluya kugqirha luyinto efanelekileyo, ngakumbi xa ubona utshintsho olukhawulezayo. Ukuba iimpawu zibonakala zinzima kakhulu kwaye zifana nezo ze-DKA (bhekisa ngasentla), uye kwindlu yexakeka ngokukhawuleza.
Kubazali Bantwana Abasifo Sikashukela
Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu ze-hyperglycemia kunye neyeshukela legazi likhulu kunama-240 mg / dL, kufuneka uvavanye ngeetoni. Kuvavanyo oluhle, biza iqela lakho lezonyango ukuba lukhokele ukuba wenze ntoni emva okanye ubhekise kwisicwangciso sakho somhla wokugula. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu beetoni, unokucetyiswa ukuba uye kwigumbi lexakeka.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Diabetes Association. ImiGangatho yoLondolozo lwezoNyango kwiSwekile-2017. 2017 Jan; 40 Isondlo 1: S1-S132.
> I-American Diabetes Association. I-Hyperglycemia (i-High Blood Sugar). http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/hyperglycemia.html
> I-American Diabetes Association. DKA (Ketoacidosis) kunye neKetones. http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka.html
> Ikliniki yaseCleavland. I-Hyperglycemia (i-High Blood Sugar). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9815-hyperglycemia-high-blood-sugar
> Impilo yabaselula esuka kwiNemours. Xa i-Blood Sugar iphezulu kakhulu. https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/high-blood-sugar.html