Isifo sikashukela sisoloko singabonwa kuze kube yilapho sifinyelela kwisigaba esiphambili, kodwa iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kubalulekile ukubonelela unyango olungcono. Ukunceda ekuxilongweni kwangaphambili, abaphandi abanesifo sikashukela baphanda abaphawuli bemfuyo engakwazi ukuqikelela ingozi yomntu wokuphuhlisa isifo sikashukela ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yesifo iqhubeke. Omnye ummandla onomdla othile unendima yamanqindi.
Ama-Antibodies eSifo sikashukela
Ama-antibodies ngamaprotheni akhethekileyo atholakala egazini nakwezinye indawo emzimbeni. Ama-antibodies ahlola kwaye ahlasela izinto zangaphandle emzimbeni, ezinjenge-virus kunye neebhaktheriya. Ngezinye izihlandlo, iintsholongwane ezingasebenzi kwaye zihlasela izicwangciso zomzimba. Xa oku kwenzekayo, iintsholongwane ezingasebenziyo zibizwa ngokuba ngama-autoantibodies. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwizigulane ezine-type 1 zesifo sikashukela, ukuhlaselwa kwe- autoantibodies kunye nokubhubhisa iisethi ze-insa-isethi ze-beta zeeseti kwi-pancreas. Olu hlobo lokuhlaselwa kwisistim sokuzivikela sisenokuza kwenzeka kwizigulane ezine-type 2 zeswekile, kodwa kangaphantsi kaninzi.
Izazinzulu ziye zachonga amaninzi amanqindi abonakala ehambelana nokuphuhliswa kwesifo sikashukela, kubandakanya i-glutamic acid decarboxylase-antibodies 65 (GADA) kunye nesifo se-cell antibodies (ICA). Ezi zikhusela zilwa neeprotheni ezingafunekiyo kunye nakwiiseli ze-beta.
Kwezinye iimeko, abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-1 banamazinga aphezulu e-antibodies ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa kwangaphandle, kunye ne-autoantibodies ezihlasela izicwangciso zomzimba.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-autoantibody kukholwa ukuba kutshabalalise islet iseli ekhuselekileyo.
Amaphesenti angamashumi anesithoba anesihlanu abantwana abathweswa i-type 1 yesifo sikashukela banamazinga aphezulu e-ICA kunye ne-auto-bobodies zeGADA. Kufika ku-25% wabantu abanesifo sikashukela se-2 sabantu abadala abadala baye baphakamisa amanqanaba ala ma-autobobodies.
Ama-Antibodies kwi-Screening Early
Uphando olutsha luye lwabonisa ukuba ubukho be-autoantibodies ze-GADA bunokuba ngummakishi oqinileyo wokuqhelana nokuqala kwesifo sikashukela se-type. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zi-autoantibodies zikhona ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zesifo sikashukela okanye i-prediabetes zibekwe. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukhenkcelela ezi zi-autoantibodies - ngokukodwa kubantwana bakowenu sele bafumene i-type 1 yesifo sikashukela-kunokuncedisa ukuba ngaba umntu umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sikashukela kunye naluphi uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela esinokukhula. Ukufumanisa oko kwangaphambili kunokunceda amanyathelo okukhusela aphelise ukuqala kwesi sifo.
Ama-Antibodies ekulawuleni i-Diabetes
Abantu abaninzi bahlakulela isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 kuba banzima kakhulu kwaye banokuphila ngendlela yokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela se-2 bangaba ne-antibodies kunye ne-autoantibodies kumanqanaba aphakamileyo okanye aphakamileyo kunalabo abane-diabetes ye-1. Izigulane ezifunyaniswe nesifo sikashukela se-2 zingathanda ukufumana iimvavanyo zegazi ukuze zichonge ukuba zikhona naziphi na izibophezelo ezikhoyo emzimbeni wazo. Uhlobo lwe-2 lwe-diabetics olunamanqanaba aphezulu a-autoantibodies lunokuba lunokwenzeka ukuba lufune i-insulin kwikamva. Olu lwazi lunokunceda ukuqikelela ikhosi yesifo sabo nokuba ngaba ekugqibeleni badinga i-insulin injections ukulawula isifo seswekile.
Isifo sikashukela se-Latent Autoimmune of Adulthood: 'Phakathi phakathi' nesifo sikashukela
Abanye abantu bahlakulela abantu abadala abadala abanesifo sikashukela esasibonakala senza uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela kwaye siphendula ngemithi yomlomo wesifo sikashukela. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi neminyaka embalwa, la mayeza aphelelwa yimpumelelo kwaye izigulane maziqale ukusebenzisa i-insulin. Ngelo xesha iifayili yesifo sikashukela ibizwa ngokuba yi-latent autoimmune ye-diabetes yabantu abadala (i-LADA), edlalwa ngamanye amaxesha ngokuthi "phakathi kwesifo sikashukela" okanye udidi lwe-diabetes 1.5 kuba luqala njengoluhlobo lwesifo sikashukela ngaphambi kokuba libe yi-insulin exhomekeke kwi-diabetes .
Abantu abaneLADA banamazinga aphezulu e-ICA kunye ne-GADA, kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-autoantibodies ezingasebenzi.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ii-autoantibodies zigqithise i-antibodies, zonakalisa amandla omzimba wokuvelisa i-insulin. Xa oko kwenzeka, thayipha i-diabetes yesi-2 ibe ngu-1 uhlobo lweswekile.
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ngenxa yokuba abantu abane-LADA banamazinga aphakamileyo okwenza amachiza omzimba asebenzayo, amasosha omzimba abo akwazi ukukhusela i-autoantibodies ngokufanelekileyo nangethuba elide kunabantu abaye baxilongwa nge-type 1 yesifo sikashukela beselula. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwexesha ii-autoantibodies zabantu abane-LADA bonakalisa amandla omzimba wokuvelisa i-insulin. Ngenxa yoko, ukuxhomekeka kwe-insulin kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwi-LADA isigulane kunokuba kuhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwesigulane sesifo sikashukela.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abanye abantu banokuba neentlobo zombini zolu hlobo lwama-autoantibodies ezingasebenzi kwaye akalokothi ahlakulele nayiphi na uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuba izinto ezinobungozi obuninzi kwi-type 2 yeswekile-ukutya kunye nesisindo - azibandakani nxamnye nokusebenza kakubi kwe-immune system, kwaye ezi zinto zilawulwa ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.