Iimigaqo ze-Kremlin I-Fuel i-Epidemic ephambili
I-Russian Federation, equzwe ngamazwe ahlukeneyo angama-17, ixutywe kwi-HIV ebhubhaneyo esithatha umthwalo wayo kummandla wonke kubini kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nezoqoqosho.
Kwimihlaba, iRashiya iphindwe kabini ubukhulu be-United States nge ngaphantsi kwesigamu sabemi (malunga nezigidi ezili-143). Ukususela kwimiba ye-HIV, iRashiya idlulela ngokugqithiseleyo i-US kwisantya sosulelo olutsha, kunye nabaninzi babo abamelwane baseNtshona Yurophu.
Nangona inani elisemthethweni leengxaki ze-HIV libikwa li malunga ne-1.1 yezigidi, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba isibalo singasondela kwizigidi ezintathu. Ukuba ngaba kunjalo, ukuxhaphaka kwe-HIV eRashiya bekuza kuba malunga namaxesha angama-7 e-US (okwangoku ixhaphake malunga neepesenti ezingama-0.6).
Oko sikuyazi ngokusemthethweni kukuba, ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zeRussia ngokwezibalo ze-epidemiological, ubhubhane sele luqhubekile kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, ukwanda ngamaphesenti angama-250 ukususela ngo-2001.
Abemi abahluphekayo
Ukubeka ingqungquthela kumxholo, umntu kufuneka ahlolisise iRashiya kwimeko yokujonga abantu abasengozini yabo kunye nekhono layo lokujongana neengxaki zeNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO.
Ukususela ngaloo ndlela, iRashiya ibhekane neengxaki ezinzulu zabantu njengoko kuzalwa kubakho emva kokufa. Inani labantu abaguga, kunye nezinga lokufa lokunyuka kwabantu abasebenzayo ngenxa yobunxila, isifo senhliziyo, kunye ne-HIV, uye wabangela inqanaba lokukhula kwabantu.
Ukukhula okungalindelekanga kulindeleke ukunciphisa abantu baseRashiya ngama-20 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu kwiminyaka engama-50 ezayo.
Ukongezelela, impendulo yaseRashiya kwi-bhubhane iye yalela, ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo ezisemngciphekweni. Apho uMbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi Ucebisa ukuba iipesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abasengozini ( ukusela abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi , amadoda abelana ngesondo kunye nabesilisa , abasebenzi bezesondo zentengiso) bafumana uvavanyo lwe-HIV kunye neengcebiso, ezininzi iingxelo ezisemthethweni ziqingatha.
Oku kunyanisekileyo kumazwe afana neTajikistan (iipesenti ezingama-54), i-Kyrgyzstan (iipesenti ezingama-36), kunye ne-Uzbekistan (iipesenti ezingama-29).
Imbali ye-HIV eRashiya
Intsholongwane kaGawulayo yaqala ukuba yinkqubo yempilo yoluntu ekupheleni kuka-1986. Icala lokuqala lafunyanwa kumntu waseRussia oye wafumana eso sigulo xa e-Afrika. Watsho ngokusasaza ukuba usulele kumajoni ama-15 aseSoviet alala naye.
Ngenxa yokuba imithetho yebucala ayengekho kwiRiphabhuliki yaseSoviet, la magama abo abosulelekileyo apapashwa ngokubanzi ngamajelo aseburhulumenteni, awahlambalaza amadoda ukuba aphile "iindlela zokuziphatha ezikhohlakeleyo" ezikhokelela kwisifo sabo. Inyaniso yokuba ubungqingili bekungekho mthethweni (kwaye ihlala phantsi komthetho weRussia we-LGBT umthetho wenkohlakalo) kuphela ekukhohliseni amadoda kunye nesi sifo ngokwaso.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1980, ukuhlolwa kovavanyo lwe-HIV kwakusungulwa kwi-Soviet Union, edlalwa ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ulwazi lomntu ovavanywayo. Ngo-1991, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-142 babevavanywe, mhlawumbi akukho nto eyayingabonakali.
Iimvavanyo ezintle zenziwa ngokukhawuleza nemigudu enobudlova eyenziwa ukuchonga (kwaye kaninzi ipapashwa) indlela yokusuleleka komntu omnye ukuya kwesinye.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990 yabona intlanzi yezopolitiko kwiSoviet Union, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-HIV kwizithunzi.
Iincwadi zokukhusela iiNtsholongwane kaGawulayo zangaphandle, eziguqulelwe kwisiRashiya, zazingasenakufumaneka kwilizwe. Iiprogram zokuthintela uluntu zaphela ukuba zikho ngexesha elininzi abanokucingelwa ukuba lixesha leRussia "ukuguquka kwezesondo." Ngenxa yokunyuka kokuxhatshazwa kokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kulo lonke ummandla, i-HIV yesibhedlele yayishiywe ingakhange ihlolwe, nesifo sisasazeka njengomlilo ongqongileyo kwiindawo ezikude.
Ngenxa yokunyuka kweRussian Federation of States esandula ukuzimela, ii-arhente ze-AIDS zazingabalulekanga kakhulu phakathi kweenkokheli zomthetho kunye nenkxaso engaphantsi. Ukunxibelelaniswa kakubi phakathi kwemibutho embalwa ye-HIV ekhoyo kukhokelela ekungeneni okwaneleyo kolwazi kwi-arhente ezinzulu kunye nabaphili behlabathi.
Abantu abakuMngcipheko kwi-Russia
Ingqungquthela yaseRashiya ayifani nento ebonwa e-US nakwiNtshona Yurophu njengoko abantu bechaphazelekayo. Kuye kubonakala ukubuyisa iingxaki kwi-Asia ephakathi kunye neMpuma yeYurophu, apho izifo ezithwaxwayo zisasazeka kwiindlela zokurhweba ezibangelwa ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi.
Ngenxa yoko, malunga ne-40 ekhulwini yazo zonke iintsholongwane ziphakathi kwabasebenzisi abasebenzisa iziyobisi (ii-IDUs), ngokuqikelela ukubeka ubuninzi kwindawo ethile phakathi kwabantu ababini nezigidi ezintathu (okanye malunga nama-2 ukuya kweethathu kwipesenti zabantu baseRussia). Njengomphumo wemithetho yaseRashiya evinjelwe i-alesile kunye neesringana, ukwabelana kwezi zinto kubonwa njengesiqhelo.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwengxaki yinto yokuba, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi izigwebo ngomthetho, abasebenzisi bahlala bexhala ukufikelela kwinkqubo yezempilo kwanokunakekelwa kweprayimari. Zonke ezi zinto zidibeneyo zibangele izinga lokusuleleka kwe-HIV phakathi kwe-IDU malunga neyesine, ama-80 ekhulwini abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30.
Ingxaki ekhompyutheni ikholelwa ukuba iphakame kakhulu, zombini ngenxa yezilingo ezabelwanayo kunye nesondo elingenalo ikhondom phakathi kwamabanjwa. Iimeko zinzima ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabasebenzi bezesondo zorhwebo (ii-CSWs) , kunye nokuqhutyelwa ukuqhutyelwa ukuqhutyelwa kwelokuba abafana nabesifazana ama-CSWs ukuba bavavanywe okanye baphathwe.
Okwangoku, ubhubhane phakathi kwamadoda abelana ngesondo kunye nabesilisa (MSM) lubukrokra ukuba amazwe amaninzi ngokunqongophala kweenkonzo zokukhusela ezikhuselekileyo kubangela ukusuleleka kwiindawo eziphezulu zengozi. Ngenxa yoko, isantya sosulelo olutsha phakathi kwabantu abesilisa nabasetyhini bavame ukubonakala singashiywanga, nangona kwenyuka kwiinkqubo zokukhusela ze-MSM kwiindawo ezininzi zasezidolophini.
Ukuphazamiseka, ukufikelela kwi- antiretroviral therapy (i-ART) kule miba ephambili iyaqhubeka ihlala iphantsi kakhulu, ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokunyuka kwamanye amaqela kunye nemimandla (kuquka iArmenia, iAzerbaijan, i-Belarus, i-Georgia, i-Kazakhstan, i-Kyrgyzstan, iLithuania, iMoldova, i-Russia, ITajikistan, iUkraine, ne-Uzbekistan).
Indlela Ezayo
Ngokungafaniyo nakwiindawo ezinzima kakhulu ezichaphazelekayo ze-Afrika, inani leentsholongwane ze-HIV eRussia liyaqhubeka nokunyuka, ukuhlawula iindleko zomhlaba wonke. Ngenxa yoko, ukunyuka kwe-ART kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokukhusela i-HIV, ngokukodwa kwiintlobo ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazelekayo, zibaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa, kude kubekho ulawulo lwaseRashiya ngaphantsi kwe-Vladimir Putin idilesi yezoqoqosho, ukulingana kwempilo, kunye nemithetho yokugweba abo abaneNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO, indlela eya phambili ikhangeleka ngokugqithiseleyo.
Imithombo:
Inkqubo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiHIV / AIDS (UNAIDS). " Ngonyaka ka-2012 iNational AIDS Day Report. " I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; kukhutshwa ngoDisemba 1, 2012.
I-World Health Organization (WHO). "Inkqubela yeNgxelo ka-2011: Impendulo ye-HIV / AIDS yonke ." Geneva, eSwitzerland; kukhutshwa ngoNovemba 30, 2011.
UNAIDS. " IRiphabliki yaseMoldova ingxelo yeNgcaciso yeHIV / AIDS ." Kukhishwe ngoDisemba 1, 2014.