Ubuncinane be-anatomy bunceda ekuqondeni ukuba yiyiphi i-patellar subluxation. I-patella, okanye i-kneecap, yenye yamathambo amathathu awenza idolo lihlangene. Elinye lala mathambo linomqolo okhuselekileyo we-cartilage apho udibaniso lwabo ludibene khona. I-patella iphinde ikhutshwe yi-tendon. Le toni ixhuma i- quadriceps muscle yethanga ukuya kwisiqabana (tibia) ngaphantsi kweedolo.
I-kneecap idibanisa iphantsi phantsi kwe-grooves ekupheleni kwethambo lesangqa njengoko idolo liguqa. Le groove ibizwa ngokuthi trochlea. I-kneecap yenzelwe ukulingana phakathi kwendawo yokuthambisa kunye ne-slide ye-evenly ngaphakathi kwe-groove. Kwamanye abantu, i-kneecap idonselwa ngaphandle kwe-groove ye-trochlear. Njengoko oku kwenzekayo, i-kneecap ayiyi kudibanisa iphambili ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo-sibiza le ntlupheko.
Iimpawu
Ngokuxhomekeke kubuqili be-patellar subluxation, ukulandelwa okungafanelekanga kungabangela umntu ukuba enze nayiphi na impawu, okanye kunokukhokelela ekutshintsheni i-patella (apho i-kneecap iphuma ngokupheleleyo kwi-groove). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-patellar kubangela ukungathandeki kunye nomsebenzi kunye nentlungu ejikeleze macala e-kneecap, ebizwa ngokuba yi-patellofemoral syndrome, okanye i-PFPS.
Abantu abaninzi abaneempawu zeentlungu ze-kneecap zifunyaniswa ne-patella subluxation okanye i-maltracking ye patella.
Le micimbi, kunye ne-mechanics yeendlela amadolo axhamla ngayo, kucatshangelwa ukuba yimbangela eqhelekileyo yeempawu ezivela kwiintlungu zamadolo ukuya kutshintshwa kwe-kneecap.
Izizathu
Kukho iinkalo ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo kwi-patellar subluxation. Umgca ophezulu kukuba izinto ezininzi zikhokelela ekungazinzi kwe-kneecap.
Izinto ezinokuthi zibandakanya i-pelvis ebanzi, i-groove engacacanga ye-kneecap, kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwimpumelelo yomntu.
Kuye kwaba nentshisekelo enkulu kwiminyaka yamuva yindlela indlela iisifuba zethu ezincedisa ngayo i-kneecap njengoko iguqa emadolweni. Ngokukodwa, izihlunu ezijikeleze umlenze zicingelwa ukuba zizona zihlunu ezibalulekileyo ekulawuleni i-mechanics yokudibanisa kunye nendlela i-kneecap ehamba ngayo njengoko idibeneyo igoba.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iintlungu ezinxulumene ne-patellar subluxation zithathwa yi-PFPS. Ezinye izizathu zentlungu ye-kneecap ziquka i- knee arthritis , i- patellar tendonitis (i-jumper's knee), kunye ne- plica syndrome . Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba akusiyo yonke imbangela yeentlungu ze-kneecap kuphela umphumo we-patellar subluxation, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuba nazo kubalulekile ukubangela imbangela yentlungu kunye nokunyanga okufuneka kukhuthazwe.
Unyango
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokonyango ukulungisa i-patellar subluxation , kwaye ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kubukhulu bemeko kunye nesizathu sokuma okungavumelekanga kwe-kneecap.
Unyango kufuneka kuqala uqinisekise ukuba i-patella ayinakususwa. Ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ngokuphonononga idolo lakho kwaye ufumane i-x-ray ukuze ubone ukuba i-kneecap ingaphandle kwendawo yayo.
Kubantu abanokuguqulwa kwama-kneecap, i-kneecap ingadinga ukufakwa kwakhona, eyaziwa ngokuba "yancitshiswa."
Isikhundla se-kneecap asixhomeki kuphela kwiimisipha ngokuzungezile ngeenxa yokuguqa ngamadolo, kodwa kunye nezihlunu ezilawula indawo yesigxina sonke. Ngokomzekelo, xa ithambo lethanga lijikeleza ngaphakathi, i-kneecap iya kubetha ngaphandle kwe-trochlea. Oku kuchanekileyo ukuba kutheni ukuphucula ukuzinza kweengundoqo kunye nezikhonkwane kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuculeni i-mechanics yamadolo kunye kunye nokuxhaswa kwe-patellar subluxation.
Ulungiso lwenyama
Unyango lubandakanya unyango lomzimba wendalo, osetyenziselwa ukuqinisa imisipha engqonge nje kuphela idolo kodwa nayo yonke imida engaphantsi.
Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ukuqiniswa kwe-quadriceps eyodwa akuyona nto ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni iingxaki ze-kneecap. Ukugxininisa endaweni ekuqiniseni abaphangi be-hip kunye ne-hip flexors (oko kuthiwa yi-pelvic stabilization exercise) inikeza ukulawula okungcono kwe-kneecap ngokuzinzisa umsebenzi wephela.
Braces kunye neTape
Ukuqhawula nokubetha i-kneecap yinto ephikisanayo nokubuyiselwa kweengxaki ze-kneecap. Ezi zinto zihlala zibonelela ngokukhululeka, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo asiyiyo isisombululo sesikhathi eside. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isigulane sinokuphulukiswa ngokuphawulekayo kunye ne-brace okanye itekisi, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqhubeke noku oku kunyango.
Ikhetho leSikolo
Izicathulo zenza igalelo lomjikelezo . Ukulawulwa kwesigxina eqhuba izicathulo kunokunceda ukulawula umvuzo wakho ngexesha usebenza kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo kwi-kneecap.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ezinye izigulane aziphilwanga ngonyango olulula kunye nokuhlinzwa kunokufuneka , ngakumbi kwizigulane ezinentlungu enkulu okanye ukutshintshwa okuphindaphindiweyo . Ngokujonga emadolweni nge-arthroscope, ugqirha unokuhlola i-mechanics yamadolo ngokubambisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho umbandela onokulungiswa.
Ezinye zezo zikhetho zonyango lotyando ziquka:
- Ukukhululwa komnxeba : Ukukhutshwa ngokusemthethweni yinkqubo yophenyo eyenziwa ukukrazula i-ligaments tight and joint capsule kwicala langaphandle lamadolo. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo indlela yokucoca elula, yenza okuncinci ukuphucula ukulungelelanisa i-patellar.
- Ukulungiswa kweLigament ephakathi: Ukulungiswa okanye ukuvuselela iigaments kwicala langaphakathi lamadolo athatha i-kneecap inward iye yaba yonyango oluqhelekileyo. Olu hlobo lonyango lwenziwa ngokutsha ukulungisa i-ligament ye-patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) emacaleni angaphakathi emadolweni.
- I-Bone Realignment: Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwamathambo kunokufuneka. Kukho ezininzi iintlobo zesithambo sokuguqulwa kwamathambo, ngokuqhelekileyo ziguqula indawo ye-tubercle ye-tibial, enquma ukutsalathisa ukudonsa kwi-kneecap.
Nangona utyando lunokuba luncedo ekuncedeni ukulawula iingxaki ze-kneecap, kubalulekile ukuqonda ngokucacileyo injongo yokuhlinzwa kunye nendlela inkqubo eya kunceda ngayo ukulungisa ingxaki. Kwiminyaka emininzi, uphando lwama-arthroscopic lwenziwe, kunye nenkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukukhululwa kwe-lateral, kwiingxaki ezingathandekiyo ze-kneecap.
Nangona ezinye izigulane ziphuculwe, abanye abazange baphumelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ukwenza nje utyando, ngaphandle kokuqonda ingxaki ethile ekujoliswe kuyo ukulungiswa, kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezinganelisiyo. Xoxa ngale ndlela ukuba ngaba ugqirha wakho uyakuncoma kwaye uqinisekise ukuba yinto efanelekileyo kwiimeko zakho.
ILizwi
Umsebenzi we-Kneecap ubaluleke kakhulu kumatshini afanelekileyo emadolo, kwaye xa i-kneecap ingabanjwa kwindawo efanelekileyo, abantu banokuvakalelwa intlungu kunye nokukhubazeka. Ukulungiswa kwe-patellar subluxation kunye nokuchithwa kwezinto kungaqhutyelwa ngonyango olungapheliyo, kunye neyona ndlela yonyango yokwelapha yonyango olujoliswe ekuphuculeni i-mechanics yomgca ongaphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho imeko apho utyando lungafuneka khona. Kule meko, ukhetho olufanelekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni impumelelo ngonyango.
> Imithombo:
> Smith, T. Donell, S. Ingoma, F., Hing, C. iiNational Institutes of Health kaThala leMathala kaZwelonke. "Ugqirha ngokubhekiselele kwonyango olungenakunyango emva kokuba i-kneecap ichithe." Oktobha 2014.
> Koh JL, uStewart C. "Ukungazinzi kwePatellar." I-Orthop Clin North Am. 2015 Jan; 46 (1): 147-57.