Sibanzi
Ukunciphisa i-cardiomyopathy yinto encinci yezona zigaba ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ze-cardiomyopathy, okanye izifo zesifo senhliziyo. Ezinye iindidi zombini zenza i-cardiomyopathy , ne- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
Kubalulekile ukuba i-cardiomyopathy ibalulekile ngenxa yokuba ivelisa ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo , kwaye kuxhomekeke kwisisiseko esiyimbangela, ukungaphumeleli kwintliziyo kunokuba nzima ukuphatha kakuhle.
Ngenxa yokuba unyango lwalo mkhuhlane lunokuba lukhohlisayo, nabani na abaneengxaki zokukhusela i-cardiomyopathy kufuneka babe phantsi kwengqalelo ye-cardiologist.
Inkcazo
Kwizinto ezinqanda ukunyamekela, ngenxa yesinye isizathu okanye esinye isisu senhliziyo senza "ukuqina" okungavamile. Nangona i-heart stiffened muscle isakwazi ukwenza isivumelwano ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ngoko iyakwazi ukupompa igazi, ayikwazi ukuphumla ngokupheleleyo ngexesha le-diastolic yentliziyo. (I-Diastole "isigaba sokuzaliswa" sesigxina senhliziyo-ixesha eliphakathi kwentsimbi yenhliziyo, xa iipriricle zizalisa ngegazi.) Ukungaphumeleli kokuphumula kwenza kube nzima ukuba iifricricle zizalise ngokwaneleyo ngegazi ngexesha le-diastole.
Ukuzaliswa kwentliziyo (okubangela ukuba le meko igama layo) kubangela ukuba igazi "libuyiselwe" njengoko lizama ukungena kwii-ventricles, ezinokuvelisa ukudibanisa emiphakeni nakwamanye amalungu.
Olunye igama lokuzaliswa kwintliziyo ngexesha elidityanisiweyo "yi-diastolic ukungasebenzi," kunye nokungafuneki kwenhliziyo evelisa kuthiwa yi-diastolic heart failure.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhutshwa komzimba kungomnye wezona zinto ezibangela ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo ye-diastolic, nangona kunqabile.
Izizathu
Kukho imimiselo emininzi enokuthi ivelise i-cardiomyopathy. Kwezinye iimeko, akukho nto ebangela ukuba ichongiwe, kwimeko apho i-cardiomyopathy inqandeko kuthiwa "idiopathic." Nangona kunjalo, i-cardiomyopathy idiopathic ekhuselekileyo kufuneka ifunyanwe kuphela xa zonke izizathu ezinokubangela zifunyenwe, kwaye zilawulwa ngaphandle.
Ezi zizathu ziquka:
- Izifo ezithintekayo ezifana ne- amyloidosis , i- sarcoidosis , i- Hurler syndrome , izifo ze-Gaucher kunye nokungena kwamanzi.
- Izifo ezininzi zentsapho eziyimvelo, kuquka i-pseuoxanthoma elasticum.
- Izifo zokugcina eziquka isifo se-Fabry, isifo sokugcina i-glycogen kunye ne- hemochromatosis .
- Ezinye iimeko ezichaseneyo ziquka i- scleroderma , i- hypereosinophilic syndrome , i-endomyocardial fibrosis, i- carcinoid syndrome , umdlavuza we-metastatic, unyango lwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy.
Ziziphi ezi zinto zixhaphake ngayo ukuba zivelisa enye inkqubo ephazamisa ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwemisipha yenhliziyo, njengokuba kungenayo i-cell phone infiltration, okanye iipozithi ezingavamile. Ezi nkqubo zithintela ukungaphazamisi kakhulu ngokuqhekeka kweentliziyo zentliziyo, kodwa zinciphisa ukunyaniseka kwesisu senhliziyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ziyekelela ekuzaliseni i-ventricles ngegazi.
Iimpawu
Iimpawu zabantu abajamelana nazo ngokuthintela ukunyamekela izifo zifana neempawu ezenzeka ngezinye iintlobo zokuhluleka kwentliziyo . Iimpawu zibangelwa ukudibanisa kwemiphunga, ukuxinana kwamanye amalungu kunye nokungakwazi ukunyusa ngokwaneleyo inani legazi iipompo zentliziyo ngexesha lokuzikhandla.
Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ezigqithiseleyo kunye nokunyamekela komzimba ziyi- dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane), i-edema (ukuvuvukala kweenyawo kunye neenyawo), ubuthathaka, ukukhathala, ukunyamezela okunciphise ukusetyenziswa, kunye neepilitations . Ngenxa yokunciphisa umzimba, ukuxinwa kwezitho zomzimba kungenzeka, ukuvelisa isibindi esandisiweyo kunye ne- ascites (ukuqokelela kwamanzi kwisisu esiswini.)
Ukuxilongwa
Njengokuba kukho ezininzi iintlobo zokwahluleka kwentliziyo, ukuxilongwa kwe-cardiomyopathy kuxhomekeke kuqala kugqirha ukuba uqaphele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba le meko ikhona xa yenza imbali yonyango kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba.
Abantu abane-cardiomyopathy ekhuselekileyo banokuthi babe ne- tachycardia esondeleyo (izinga lentliziyo ngokukhawuleza) ekuphumleni, kunye nokuvalelwa kweemvini entanyeni. Ezi ziphumo zomzimba, kwakunye neempawu, zibafana nokufana nezo zibonwe nge -pericarditis engqongqo . Enyanisweni, ukuhlula ukukhutshwa komzimba kwinqanaba le-pericarditis yinkqonkqo yinkinga yeklasi abanokuthi abadlali be-cardiologists bajamelane nayo kwiimviwo zabo zebhodi. (Kuvavanyo, impendulo ihambelana nezandi zentliziyo esoteric eziveliswa ziimeko zimbini - "i-s3 gallop" kunye nesifo sokuqhaqhayisa ngokumelene "nesigxina sokubamba" nge-pericarditis engqongqo.)
Ukuxilongwa kwe-cardiomyopathy ingavunyelwa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokwenza i- echocardiography , ebonisa ukukhubazeka kwesifo se-diastolic kunye nobungqina bokuzaliswa kwee-ventricle. Ukuba isisisiseko siyisifo esingenangqondo esinjenge-amyloidosis, uvavanyo lwe-echo lunokubonisa ubungqina beepositi ezingavumelekanga kwi-muscleular muscle. Ukukhishwa kweMRI ye-Cardiac kunokukunceda ukuxilongwa, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, kunokukunceda ukufumanisa isizathu esiyintloko. Intliziyo ye-muscle biopsy ingaba luncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa xa isifo sokungena ngaphakathi okanye sokugcina.
Unyango
Ukuba ngaba kubonwe isizathu esithintekayo sokubandezeleka kwengqondo, ukuphathwa kakubi ngeso sizathu kunokunceda ukuphazamisa okanye ukumisa ukunyuka kwe-cardiomyopathy. Ngelishwa, akukho lonyango oluthile oluchithwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-cardiomyopathy.
Ukulawula i-cardiomyopathy yokuthintela kubhekiswe ekulawuleni ukuxinwa kwemiphunga kunye ne-edema ukwenzela ukunciphisa iimpawu. Oku kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ezininzi izilwanyana ezifanayo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhluleka kwentliziyo ngenxa ye-cardiomyopathy .
I-Diuretics , efana neLasix (furosemide), ithambekele ekunikezeni inzuzo ecacileyo ekuphatheni abantu abaneengxaki zokunyamekela. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukwenza abantu abaneli meko "bome kakhulu" kunye ne-diuretics, ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni ukuzaliswa kwama-ventricle ngexesha le-diastole. Ukubeka esweni ngokusemgangathweni kwemeko yabo kuyimfuneko, ukulinganisa ubunzima ubuncinane bemihla ngemihla kwaye ngokukhawuleza kuhlolwe iimvavanyo zegazi ukukhangela ubungqina bokungcoliswa kwamanzi okungapheliyo. I-dose ephezulu ye-diuretics ingatshintshwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ukulinda kuqwalaselo oluyimfuneko.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezibhengezo zetrakthi zel calum kunganceda ngokuphucula ngokuthe ngqo umsebenzi we-diastolic, kunye nokunciphisa izinga lentliziyo ukuvumela ixesha elongezelelweyo lokuzalisa i-ventricles phakathi kweentsimbi zeentliziyo. Ngezizathu ezifanayo, i- beta-blockers ingaba luncedo.
Kukho ubungqina bokuba i- ACE inhibitors ingaba yinzuzo kubuncinane abantu abathile abanomdla wokukhusela, mhlawumbi ngokunciphisa ubunzima beentliziyo.
Ukuba i-fibrillation yonyango ikhoyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulawula intlawulo yenhliziyo ukuvumela ixesha elaneleyo lokuzalisa ama-ventricles. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibhengezo zesitishi se-calcium kunye ne-beta blockers banokukwazi ukufeza le njongo.
Ukuba unyango lwezonyango luhluleka ukulawula iimpawu zokubandezeleka komzimba, ukuguqulwa kwenyama kunokuba yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe.
Ukugxekwa kwe-cardiomyopathy kubangela ukuba kube nzima nakakhulu kubantu, kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala, nakubantu abanesifo sengqondo esibangelwa yimeko enesifo esilungileyo, esinjenge-amyloidosis.
Isishwankathelo
Ukunciphisa i-cardiomyopathy yindlela engavamile yokuhluleka kwentliziyo. Nabani na le mqathango udinga umsebenzi opheleleyo wezonyango-ukujonga izizathu ezingundoqo, kwaye kufuneka nokuphathwa ngokunyamekileyo kunye nokuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha ukunciphisa iimpawu nokuphucula iziphumo zexesha elide.
> Imithombo:
> Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, et al. Ukwabiwa kweCardiomyopathies: Ingxelo yeNgxelo evela kwi-European Society yeCardiology Group Working Group kwiMyocardial and Pericardial Diseases. I-Eur Heart J 2008; 29: 270.
> Karamitsos TD, Francis JM, Myerson S, et al. Indima ye-Cardiovascular Resonance Imaging In Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54: 1407.
> Kushwaha SS, Fallon JT, iFuster V. I-Restrictive Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 267.