Ngamanye amaxesha izidakamizwa zenza izibonelelo ezingafunekiyo
Igama elithi "impembelelo yecala" lifumana i-rap embi. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba imiphumo emibi yonyango imbi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwesiXhosa se- AMA , isiphumo esisecaleni nje "sesiphumo sesibini (ngokuqhelekileyo isistim esisekelwe kwiziyobisi) esetyenziselwa ukulungisa imeko yonyango" kwaye ngoko ke inokuba yinzuzo okanye inokulimaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "imiphumo emibi," "iziganeko ezimbi," kunye "nezimpembelelo ezimbi" ziyimiphumo emibi yonyango.
Mhlawumbi akumele kumangalisi ukuba amaninzi amayeza aneempembelelo ezihlukileyo kwiintlobo zawo. Emva koko, xa kuthe kwadliwa, ezi ziyobisi zijikeleza kuwo wonke umzimba kwaye zibonakaliswe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, kubandakanywa neendlela ezijikelezayo, zokuphefumula, kunye neentlanzi.
Nazi iziphumo ezinhlanu ezingaqhelekanga kunye neempembelelo zemichiza echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo.
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Proscar kunye noKhula kweeNweleI-Proscar yipilisi esetyenziselwa ukuphatha i- benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) . I-BPH yinkqubo ye-pathological lapho i-prostate gland (etholakala kumadoda) ingaphazamisa urethra, ngoko ke ukuphuma komchamo. I-BPH yimeko engakhululekiyo, leyo ibangela iimpawu ze-urinary, ezifana nokuvama kwe-urinary, ukuzithemba, ukuphuthuma kunye nokwehliswa kombane.
I-Proscar inqanda i-5a-Reductase, i-enzyme ye-intracellular eguqula i-testosterone kwi-dihydrotestosterone. Ngokwenza njalo, u-Proscar unciphisa ubungakanani beprotate ngexesha leenyanga kwaye unciphisa iimpawu zokukhupha umchamo.
Isithako esisebenzayo ku-Proscar sisigxina se-finasteride, esiyiyona isithako esisebenzayo kwi-Propecia, isicatshulwa esithathiweyo ukukhuthaza ukukhula kulabo abanamakhondomu . Ngamanye amazwi, indoda enomlenze ethatha iPscar ukuphatha i-BPH inokukwazi ukukhula kweenwele.
Ngokucacileyo, ukuxinwa kwe-finasteride e-Proscar iphezulu kakhulu kunokuba ixininiswe kwi-Propecia. Ngamanye amagama, abantu bathatha i-finasteride ye-BPH bathathe ama-5 mg ngosuku ngexesha leenyanga eziliqela; kanti, abo bathatha i-finasteride yokulahleka kweenwele bathatha malunga ne-1 mg ngosuku ngelixesha leenyanga.
Nceda uqhagamshelane nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iPscar, Propecia okanye nayiphina imithi yonyango. Ugqirha wakho uyazi ukuba yeyiphi imilinganiselo kunye neyeza, ukuba zikhona, zilungele wena.
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I-Baclofen ne-Heartburn ReliefI-Baclofen iyimisipha ephumayo eyenza i-skeletal muscle relaxant ekhubaza ukuhanjiswa kweengcamango kwinqanaba lomgca. Isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ukuxhamla kwemisipha . Ukunyaniseka kubandakanya ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo kunye nokungathandekiyo kweqela elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwamahlunu. Ukusabalalisa kubangelwa kukulimala okanye ukuhlambalaza (umzekelo, ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, i-multiple sclerosis okanye i-stroke) kwingqondo okanye emthonjeni.
Ubunzima bobuqhetseba buqhuba i-gamut ukusuka kumnene kwaye nje buhlungu ngenxa enkulu kunye nokungaphumeleli. Ukuxhamla okukhulu kunokukhokelela kwizivumelwano, ukungahambi kakuhle, kunye nokulala (ii-AKA okanye izilonda zogonyamelo).
Kubalulekile ukuphatha ubuhlungu ngenxa yokuba le meko ingabangela intlungu, iphazamise isimo sengqondo, iphazamise ubuthongo kwaye iyonakalise ukuhamba kunye nokuphazamisa amandla omntu ukuba athathe kwimisebenzi yokuphila kwansuku zonke, njengokugcina ucoceko, usebenzisa indlu yokulala, ukugqoka nokutya. Ukungaphumeleli ukuphathwa kakubi ngokufanelekileyo kungakhokelela ekukhubazekeni okusisigxina, okanye ukulungiswa kwe-maladaptive, kubandakanya ukuthengisana kweetoni kunye nezihlunu ezincinci kunye nokunciphisa imisipha.
Ukongezelela ekuphatheni iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-muscle spasticity, ezinjengobuhlungu, ukuchithwa, kunye ne-spasms, i-baclofen inokuphucula impawu ye- reflux ye-gastroesophageal disease (GERD) . I-GERD ibangelwa ukuphumula okungavumelekanga kwe-sphincter esezantsi (LES), ekhoyo phakathi kwesisu kunye nesisu kwaye ivumela ukuhamba kwesidlo kwisigxina sesisu. Xa i-sphincter esezantsi ihlaziya ngokungaqhelekanga, i-acidic contents of the stomach ishicilela emuva kwisigxina esiphumela kwiimpawu ze-GERD, ezifana nokugquma, ukukhwehlela, intlungu, intlungu yesifuba nobunzima bokugwinya.
Kubantu abathile abaneGERD, i-baclofen inokuphucula iimpawu zalo mqathango kuba ikhubaza ukuphumla kwe-LES (TLESRs), ngokukodwa emva kokutya (postprandial). Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba le nkunkuma iyancipha inani le-TLESR ngama-40 ekhulwini Kwinqaku edibeneyo, unyango lwe-GERD kunye ne-baclofen i-label kwaye igcinwe ngabantu abangaphenduliyo (bayangqinelaniyo) kunye neproton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) .
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona i-gastroenterologists iye yabona ngendlela yokuba iGABA-B agonist baclofen inceda ngeempawu ze-GERD, ekuvavanyweni kliniki, esi siphumo asizange sicace. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iinkampani ezintathu zonyango ziye zazama ukuhlakulela i-GABA-B agonists kunyango lweGERD: AstraZeneca, Xenoport kunye ne-Addex Pharmaceuticals. I-lesogaberan yase-AstraZeneca yenza ukuba ibe yinto engcono kunazo zonke kwiimvavanyo zonyango; Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi baphetha ngelithi le myeza ayizange incede kwi-GERD.
Ekuqhubekeni koviwo, abaphandi bacebise ukuba isizathu sokuba i-lesogaberan ingabonakali echanekileyo kwizilingo zonyango lwe-AstraZeneca kukuba isiguli sesigulana solu hlolo lwahluke kakhulu. Abaphandi bavavanya i-lesogaberan kwiindidi zabantu abane-GERD yokukhanyela kwi-PPIs. Kunoko, uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukubonakaliswa yimpawu zabo eziqhelekileyo (umzekelo, ukukrazula, ukukhwehlela okanye i-esophagitis); Ngoko ke, abathathi-nxaxheba bamele badibanise kuphela abo bahlupheke kakhulu kwi-reflux eqhubekayo, okanye ukubuyiswa kwakhona, ama-TLESR anamava njengesizathu salolu hlobo, kwaye ayengenakucatshulwa unyango nge-PPIs.
Ngamanye amagama, abantu abane-classic GERD apho uxinzelelo lwe-sphincter engaphantsi kwexesha lihlala liphantsi, mhlawumbi aluzuzi kakhulu kunonyango kunye ne-baclofen. Kunoko, i-baclofen inokunceda abantu abanomdla obunzima abafumana ama-TLESR emva kokutya. Ezi zi-TLESR zingabangela ukuwa kwe-downsgeal sphincter ingcinezelo, enokuncitshiswa ngokusebenzisa i-baclofen.
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I-Viagra kunye neCentral Heart ContractilitySonke siyazi ukuba iViagra (sildenafil) inceda amadoda ukuba alalane ngesondo. Ngokukodwa, kwandisa ukuphuma kwegazi kwi-penis ngokuziphucula umsila ocolileyo. Ukongezelela ekuququzeleleni ukulungiswa, i-Viagra inokuthi ibe nefuthe elijongene nefuthe lokuphucula impilo yeentliziyo.
Iziphumo ezivela kwi-meta-analysis ye-2014 epapashwe kwi- BMC Medicine zibonisa ukuba i-phosphodiesterase hlobo 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, njenge-Viagra, inezakhiwo ezingabonakaliyo kwaye ingathuthukisa inkontileka yesifo (inotropism). Aba baphandi baxilisa ukuba i-Viagra kunye nezinye i-PDE5 inhibitors zingasiluncedo ekuphatheni i-hypertrophy yenhliziyo kunye nokwehluleka kwentliziyo .
Ingqalelo, sinezinto ezininzi zokucacisa ngokuphathelele kwimiphumo ye-PDE5 inhibitors kwimpilo yentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunomdla ukuphawula ukuba izibonelelo ze-Viagra zinokudlula ngaphaya kwegumbi lokulala.
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Iipilisi zoNyango zoNyango kunye ne-Acne ImprovedAbaninzi abasetyhini bayaqaphela ukuba umlomo wabo uphucula emva kokuba bathathe iipilisi zokukhusela ngomlomo (OCPs) ukukhusela ukukhulelwa. Olu phuculo alukho ngengozi kwaye lubangelwa ngamahomoni abonakalayo ekulawuleni izilwanyana-estrogen kunye neprogesterone.
Ngo-2012, abaphandi beCocrane Collaboration benza uphando lwezifundo ezazihlolisise ukusetyenziswa kwe-OCP ukwenzela unyango lwe-acne. Ukuphononongwa kwabo kwaphela ekubandakanya izifundo ezingama-31 kunye nezigulane ezili-12,579. Ukuhlaziywa kwakunamandla kwaye "kuqhathaniswa ezimbini iintlobo zokulawula iipilisi, iipilisi kunye ne-placebo okanye 'i-dummy,' okanye ipilisi kunye nenye unyango lwe-acne."
Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba i-OCP iphumelela ekunciphiseni izilonda ezinobungqingili nezingekho ukuvuvukala kwinqanaba le-facial. Ngaphezu koko, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba, ngokuxhomekeka kwiintlobo ezithile ze-estrogen kunye neprogesterone equlethwe kuzo, ii-OCP ezithile zibhetele kunezinye zokuphatha unyango. Ngokomzekelo, iipilisi ezaziqukethe i-acetate ye-cyproterone kuzo zisebenza kangcono kunezo ezine-levonorgestrel.
Nceda ugcine ukhumbule, nangona kunjalo, asiyizi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zeziphi iindidi zee-hormone eziqulethwe kwi-OCP ezilungileyo ekuncedeni nge-acne, kwaye nayiphi na ibango ukuba enye i-OCP iphatha intsebenzo engcono kunezinye, njengokuba kunjalo, ezingenasisiseko.
Ngamanye amagama, ukuba omnye umenzi we-OCP wenzeka ukuba adlulise ukuba i-OCP yayo isebenza bhetele kune-OCP yomvelisi, ngoko ke, njengamanje, eli bango alisekelwe kubungqina benzululwazi. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba umntu uxelela ukuba i-OCP yangoku iyakuthatha uncedo oluninzi nge-acne kune-OCP yangaphambili eyithathileyo, akukho senzululwazi esetyenziswayo kule ntetho, nokuba kunjalo. Ukujonge phambili, kuya kuba kukuthabatha ukuhlolisisa ukuba yiziphi iintlobo ze-OCPs ezincedayo ngeempawu ze-acne kakhulu.
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ILevodopa kunye noBudalaKwiingxelo zeencwadi zonyango, kukho umlando omude oxhumanisa izimo ze-neuropsychiatric kunye nobuchule. Oogqirha baye baqaphela ukuvela kwetalente entsha yokudala emva kokugula komnxeba we-frontotemporal, ukulimala okanye umonakalo wexesha.
Noko ke, oogqirha baye baqala ukuhlolisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu abathatha i-levodopa kunye nezinye i-dopamine i-agonist kwisifo sika-Parkinson kunye nokuvela kwezinto ezintsha zokudala. Le nzala ifumaneka ngama-akhawunti abantu abanesifo sika-Parkinson abangakaze babhale ukubhala iincwadi kunye neenkondlo eziye zaqhubeka zibhalela ukubhala ngokubhala. Ukongezelela, abantu abane-Parkinson isifo esasithathe i-dopamine agonists (i-Levodopa) ziye zabonwa ukuba zenzele ubuciko obugqwebileyo obudwetshwe ngemibala ecacileyo.
Cinga le ndinyana elandelayo evela kwiphepha le-2013 elipapashwe kwi- Neuroscience ye- Beuvioral neuroscience , echaza ngokunyanisekileyo kwendima ye-dopamine agonists njengabaqulunqi bemvelo:
"Kuyamangalisa ukuba zonke izigulana zePD [i-Parkinson's] izigulane zenziwa ngokugqithisileyo zenziwa ngama-dopaminergic agents kuquka i-levodopa kunye ne-dopamine agonist. Nangona abanye abalobi bephakamisa indima ye-ergot i-agonists, izinto ezifanayo zenzeke kunye ne-nonergots. Ngaloo ndlela kubonakala njengento efunekayo yeetalente ezintsha okanye ukuphuculwa komntwana omncinci okhoyo; [sic] ubukho bePD kunye nokuvezwa kwe-levodopa kunye ne-dopamine agonist. "
Kwinqaku lokugqibela, ikhonkco eliqwalaselweyo phakathi kolawulo lwe-levodopa kunye nobuchule kusele, ngoku, ngokufanelekileyo. Ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zisekudlaleni, ngokunjalo, kuquka iinkqubo zesifo se-Parkinson ngokwayo, njengokungenakukhutshwa okanye ukufunwa ngokutsha.
Nangona kunjalo, kuluhlu oluthile lokucinga ukuba unyango lwesifo sikaParkinson, isifo esiqhubekayo senkqubo yesantya esicotha kancane umntu oshukunyayo, singakhuthaza isigulane ukwenza ubugcisa obuhle. Ngaphezu koko, ubugcisa obunjalo bunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bomntu kunye nokubonelela ngonyango olufunekayo kulabo abanesifo sikaParkinson.
> Imithombo:
> Castell DO. Uphuhliso kwiGERD. Richter JE uhleli. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 200ADAD; 5: 816-818. Chamie K, Rochelle J, Shuch B, eBelldegrun AS. Urology. Ku: Brunicardi F, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Hunter JG, Matthews JB, Pollock RE. eds. I-Schwartz Iimigaqo zoPhando, 10e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
> Kahrilas PJ, Boeckxstaens G. Ukungaphumeleli kwe-reflux inhibitors kwizilingo zesilingo: iziyobisi ezibi okanye izigulane ezingalunganga? Postgrad Med. (89): 111-119.
> I-Mosby's Drug Reference ye-Health Professionals 2 Edition. St Louis, MO: UMosby Elsevier; 2010.
> Rabow MW, Pantilat SZ. Ukunyamekela kwePalliative & Management Pain. Ku: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Rabow MW. eds. Ukuxilongwa kweZonyango kunye neNyango ka-2017 . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016.