Yonke imihla yethu ininzi iyancipha ngenye imicimbi echaphazelekayo yempilo eyancitshiswayo kumonakalo omkhulu ongakwenza. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, imiba ebonakalayo yinkathalo yempilo okanye iimeko eziqhelekileyo zingaba zibi kakhulu kwaye zidinga unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukhangeleka kwizinto ezincinci ezinokuthi zibangelwe zizifo eziqhelekileyo ezi-5 kunye nezimo.
1 -
Necrotizing FasciitisUninzi lwabantu abenza ucoceko olulungileyo kwaye banempilo kunye nesistim somzimba esomeleleyo asizange siphucule i-fasciitis (ngamanye amazwi, "i-meat-eating" ibhaktheriya). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izifo, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane elula kunokusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba okhokelela ekusulelekeni kwintsholongwane yegazi, ukutsalwa kwegazi, nokunye okunjalo.
Nge-fasciitis ene-necrotizing, i-bacteria isasazeka kwiisisithambeko esithambileyo kwi-fascia, okanye iindawo eziphathekayo zeethambo ezinxulumene nezijikeleze imithwalo yegazi, iimbulunga, i-fat and muscle. Iibhoksi eziveliswa yi-bhakteriya ziyabhubhisa izicubu ezijikelezayo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze- fasciitis .
Uhlobo lwe-1 necrotizing fasciitis lusulelo lwe-polymicrobial, olubangelwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktheriya, zombini i-aerobic kunye ne-anaerobic. Inqaku, iibhaktheriya ze- aerobic zikhula kwiimeko zomoya omoya; kanti, iibhakteria ze- anaerobic azifuni ukuba i-oksijini ikhule. Amanxeba ahlaselekileyo, afana nalawo abangelwa zizilwanyana kunye nokubetha kwabantu, ngokuqhelekileyo aqukethe umxube we-aerobic ne-anaerobic.
Uhlobo lwe-2 lwe-fasciitis olusushushu luvela ekusulelekeni kwintsholongwane yesikhumba, kuquka iStraflocloccus aureus, iStaphylococcus aureus ( MRSA ) engamelana ne-methicillin kunye ne- Streptococcus pyogenes .
Nge-fasciitis ene-necrotizing, intsholongwane yesikhumba ingaba nomvu obomvu (i-erythematous) kunye nokubunjwa kwezilwanyana (i-bubble-like) kunye ne-bruising (ecchymosis). Ukongezelela, i-draosage of fluosanguinous fluid okanye ipus iyenzeka. Ekugqibeleni, ulusu luya kufa (luba necrotic) kwaye luya kuba lukhuni.
I-necrotizing fasciitis inokuchaphazela nayiphi na inxalenye yomzimba-kuquka umgca ophezulu kunye nesisu-nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sithintela kakhulu kwimida engaphantsi. Ukongeza kwenguqu yengubo, nantsi ezinye iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-fasciitis enqabileyo:
- Ubunzima obuvela kwimeko yokubonakala kwentsholongwane
- Ukuvuvukala nokugubha kweendawo ezikufutshane
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- I-Crepitus, okanye i-gas in tiscues
Unyango lwe-fasciitis engenayo ifumaneka kwisibhedlele esibhedlele kwaye iquka oku kulandelayo:
- Ii-Antibiotics ezifaka i-MRSA kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-anti-drug resistant strains of bacteria
- Ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu ezifileyo, oku kuthetha ukutsalwa
- Ukuvuselelwa kwamanzi (cinga ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi)
- Ukulawulwa kwezilonda
Nazi ezinye izinto ezijongene nobungozi obangelwa ngumntu ekuphuhliseni i-fasciitis engenanto:
- Iswekile yemellitus
- Ukungondleki kwesondlo
- Ukusebenza kwangoku
- I-Decubitus ulcer, okanye isilonda sesilonda, esivame ukuphumela kumntu olala engapheliyo ixesha elide
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa
- Utywala
Indlela efanelekileyo yokujongana ne-fasciitis engenanto yokuzikhusela kukugwema okokuqala, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sengxaki. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uhlakulela intsholongwane okanye inxeba, gcina ihlanganiswe ngamabhanji ahlambulukileyo anomileyo. Kwakhona kufuneka uhlambe izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye ugweme ukungena ngaphakathi kwezilwanyana, izilwanyana kunye nezinye izidumbu zamanzi.
Kwinqaku lokugqibela, i-fasciitis enesifo esithintekayo esichaphazela (ikakhulukazi) isini somzimba kuthiwa yi-Fournier gangrene.
2 -
Izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumulaIzifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula (i-URIs) zixhaphake kakhulu kwaye isizathu esivakalayo sokuba abantu abaninzi bafuna ukunakekelwa ngugqirha. Sonke sifumana ii-URI ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uninzi lwe-URIs lubangelwa yiintsholongwane kwaye zizinzileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba baya kuhamba bengenawo unyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunjalo, i-URI ingaba nzima kwaye ingabonakalisa ukungabonakali, okanye usulelo lwezonyango ezongezelelekileyo. Ingqalelo, i-URIs ye-bacteria iyaphathwa ngamayeza anqanda i-antixictic, njenge-amoxicillin, i- penicillin , i- ceftriaxone njalonjalo.
Nazi ezinye ii-URI eziqhelekileyo:
- Okubandayo Okunye
- Pharyngitis
- I-Otitis media (ukusuleleka kwindlebe ephakathi)
- Isono sinusitis
- Croup
- Laryngitis
- Epiglottitis
Kwiyona nto ininzi, i-URIs inokuphathwa kwipilisi okanye isilungiso. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-URI zinzulu kakhulu kwaye zifuna unyango esibhedlele-ngakumbi kubantwana.
Olunye uhlobo lwe-URI oludinga ingqwalaselo yonyango ngokukhawuleza yi- epiglottitis . I-epiglottis yintonga ye-cartilage ehlanganisa i-trachea, okanye i-windpipe xa uginya (ukuze ungafisi okanye ufumane ukutya kwi-trachea). I-Epiglottitis ibhekisela ekuvupheni kwezi zicubu ezincinci kwiintsholongwane kunye ne-bhakteria okanye intsholongwane.
I-Epiglottitis inokubangela ukuba i-epiglottis ibe yintlobo ye-spigm okanye okanye ingavimbela i-trachea kwaye inqunyulwe ukunikezelwa komoya kumaphaphu, okubangela ukuboshwa kwentliziyo kunye nokufa. Unyango lwe-epiglottitis lubandakanya intubation, apho ityhubhu ifakwa kwi-trachea, i-intravenous fluids kunye ne-antibiotics, kunye ne-corticosteroids ekuncedeni ukuvuvukala.
Ngethamsanqa, i-epiglottitis iyinto engavumelekanga kuba sinokugonywa kwe- H. influenzae uhlobo B (Hib), eyona nto ibangelwa yile mqathango.
3 -
IntlokoIntloko yinkxalabo ye-neurological disorder, kunye neepesenti ezingama-50 zabantu bonke abanesifo sengqondo ngexesha elithile, kunye neepesenti ezingama-90 zabantu abafumana intloko ngexesha elithile ebomini babo.
Uninzi lwexesha, iintloko zinobungozi kwaye zihamba ngokwazo okanye emva kokuba zithathe iTylenol ( acetaminophen ) okanye enye i-re -ver painter. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona kunjalo, iintloko zingabonakalisa into eninzi malunga nokubetha. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-25 zabantu abanobuhlungu obunzima baye badibana nekhanda.
I-Stroke yikho yesihlanu ebangela ukufa e-United States. Ngokutsho kwe-CDC, abantu abangama-795,000, unyaka ngamnye unesifo esibuhlungu kwaye abantu abayi-130 000 bafa ngesifo.
Nazi ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye neempawu ze-stroke, ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza:
- Ubungqina okanye ubuthathaka bengalo, umlenze okanye icala lonke lomzimba, okuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuhlaselwa
- Ingxaki ebona
- Inkathazo yokuhamba ngenxa yokungena etywini okanye ukulahleka kwemali
- Ukudideka
- Ingxaki yokuthetha
- Intloko
Kuzo zonke izibonakaliso kunye neempawu, intloko yesibini ukuya kwintlanzi mhlawumbi iyalinyamekelwa ngamagqirha xa ufumanisa ukubetha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiklinikhi zijolise kwezinye (injongo) iimpawu ezinjengobunzima okanye ubuthathaka kwaye zixhala malunga nokuphathwa ngokukhawuleza kwesifo. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba nge-stroke, ixesha liyintloko kwaye unyango olukhawulezayo lunokuthintela ukukhubazeka kwixesha elizayo.
Intloko inokudibaniswa neentlobo ezininzi zokubetha kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Intracranial hemorrhage
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesisu
- I-cell arteritis enkulu
- I-Carotid okanye i-vertebral arterial dissection
- Istracranial venous sinus thrombosis.
Kubantu abanobuchopho, ubunzima beentloko abukwenzi lutho ngobukhulu bommandla ophahliweyo. Ukongezelela, i-headacheache, okanye intloko ekhanda eyenziwa kwelinye icala lentloko, ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa ukubetha kwelinye icala lentloko. Inqaku, uphando olongezelelweyo lufuneka lwenziwe ukuhlolisisa ukubaluleka kwekliniki yentloko echaphazelekayo.
4 -
UkuxinezelekaNgaphambi kokuba sijonge ukudandatheka njengengozi yokuzibulala, nceda uqonde ukuba uninzi lwabantu abajamelana nokudandatheka aluzibulale.
Ngokukodwa, ngokwesiZiko seSizwe seMpilo yengqondo (NIMH) ngo-2014, izigidi ezili-157 zaseMerika zihlangene nesinye isiqhelo esicinezelekileyo; kanti, ngo-2011 ngokubhekiselele kumaziko okuLawula izifo, kwakukho ukufa kwabangu-41,149 okubangelwa ukuzibulala.
Ukongeza kwincwadi ethi "Ukunyanzeliswa: Okufuneka Ukwazi," i-NIMH igxininisa oku kulandelayo:
- Ukudandatheka kukugula
- Uxinzelelo luchaphazela abantu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo
- Ukuxinezeleka kuyaphathwa
- Ukuba unesixinzelelo, awuyedwa
Nangona kunjalo, ingozi yokuzibulala kufuneka ihlolwe kubo bonke abantu abaneempawu zokudandatheka. Ukuzibulala kuyinkathazo enkulu kwaye iyona nto ibangelwa ukufa kuzo zonke iindidi.
Nazi ezinye iingozi zokuzibulala:
- Ubulili (abadala bamadoda abamhlophe basengozini enkulu)
- Utywala
- Ukugula ngokomzimba
- Ukungabi ncediso lwentlalo
- Psychosis
- Ukuthotywa ngokutsha
Ukongezelela, abatsha abaxinezelekileyo kunye nolutsha lwe-LGBT oluxinezelekileyo lusemngciphekweni othile.
Imiqondiso enobungozi yokuzibulala inokuquka ukubonakalisa ngokucacileyo injongo yokuzibulala, ukungathembeki (ukudandatheka) kunye nesicwangciso esilungileyo.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu owaziyo uzivalayo, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho, umhlobo, ilungu losapho okanye ubize i-National Suicide Prevention Hotline ku-1-800-273-TALK okanye 1-800-273-8255.
Esinye isaziso sokugqibela malunga nokudakumba: Nangona uxinzelelo lufakwe kuleluhlu kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuthi zithathwa njengento enokubandezeleka kwintsholongwane-njengokwintsholongwane yesikhumba okanye intloko-kubantu abaninzi abanokudakumba, akukho nto encinci malunga nale meko.
Uxinzelelo lufakwe kuloluhlu ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo luqhelekile kunabantu abaninzi abaziwayo. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka sihlale silwela ukufumana ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezixinezelayo esizifumanayo okanye iimpawu ezidangalisayo ezifunyanwa ngabathandekayo.
Ukuba udandatheko kunye nokungathembeki kuhamba nezinye izikhombisi zokubeka ingozi yokuzibulala, nceda ufune uncedo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuxinezeleka kuyaphathwa, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuzibulala kunokuphephelwa unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokunyamekela.
5 -
Iintlungu zesifubaXa abaninzi abantu bacinga "intlungu yesifuba," ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo, okanye i-myocardial infarction, ifika engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezininzi izizathu ezinobungozi zesifuba; Ngaloo ndlela, akukho mntu unokuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba intlungu yesifuba kuthetha ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
Iintlungu zentliziyo ebonakalisa ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo zihlala zingapheliyo, zidibanisa kwaye zanyakazela xa ziqala. Ngamanye amazwi, le ntlungu ayidluli ngokukhawuleza. Ukongezelela, iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo zingabakho "zi-atypical" kwaye zibandakanya ngaphezu kweentlungu zesifuba okanye ukuphazamiseka kweso. Bangabonisa njengentlungu, ukungaphumeleli okanye uxinzelelo esiswini, iingalo, emva nokunye. Ekugqibeleni, iimpawu ezinjalo zihambelana neminye imiqondiso, kuquka ukuthuka, isicathulo, ukukhathala kunye ne-syncope (ukuphelelwa amandla).
Intlungu yesifuba esingaphantsi kwexesha, ukukhomba, ukuvelisa okanye ukuphucula ingabonisa isizathu esichukumisayo
- Intambo e pha
- Isisundu esityebileyo eludongeni lwesifuba
- I-Herpes zoster (izibonda)
- Isifuba
- Pneumonia
- Isifo se-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal (GERD) ("ukutshaya")
6 -
Akukaze kube yimivo embi ukujonga ugqirha wakhoEwe, kuyinyani ukuba ezinye zeempilo zemicimbi engapheliyo sonke esinamaxesha athile, kubandakanywa nentloko okanye i-abscess, ingaba nzima kakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, nangona kunjalo, ezininzi izikhalazo zempilo esilwa ngazo kwiintlungu zemihla ngemihla.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uvakalelwa uncedo lokufuna uncedo okanye unyango ngenxa yenkxalabo ebonakala yincinci, kuyisoloko ilungile ukuba wenze isiganeko kunye nodokotela wakho oyintloko.
Nceda ukhumbule ukuba akukho nto injalo "njengothatywayo". Nangona umboneleli wakho uphela ngokukuqinisekisileyo, uya kukwenza uzive ungcono kwaye uvavanywa ngokubanzi kwimpilo yakho nenhlalakahle. Ekugqibeleni, ukutyelelwa okunjalo kunokusebenza njengesandulela sakho sempilo okanye ukuhlola.
Imithombo
I-Chin-Hong P. Izifo ezithintekayo zokuphefumula. Ku: Levinson W. eds. Ukuphononongwa kwe-Medical Microbiology kunye ne-Immunology, 13e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
Eisendrath SJ, Cole SA, Christensen JF, Gutnick D, Cole M, Feldman MD. Ukuxinezeleka. Ku: Feldman MD, Christensen JF, Satterfield JM. eds. Uncedo lweMpilo: Isikhokelo seZenzo zoKliniki, 4e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.
Raghunathan S, uRichard, B, uKhanna B. Izizathu kunye neempawu zeklinikhi zentloko ekhwashini ye-ischemic. Inkqubela phambili kwi-Neurology ne-Psychiatry 2008.
Usatine RP, Smith MA, Chumley HS, Mayeaux EJ, Jr. Isahluko 122. I-Fasciitis ene-Necrotizing. Ku: Usatine RP, Smith MA, Chumley HS, Mayeaux EJ, Jr .. eds. Umbala we-Atlas we-Medicine Family, 2e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
Vestergaard K, Andersen G, Nielsen MI, uJensen TS. Intloko kwi-stroke. Stroke 1993.