Kwaye kubaluleke ngakumbi, kutheni i-gluten inzima kangaka ukuyiphepha?
Xa uphando nge-gluten, uya kufumana i-term inezichaso ezibini ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo-enye ichaza iiprotheni zokugcina eziqhelekileyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zezityalo, kwaye enye ifanelekileyo kuthi kuthi emva kokutya okungahambisani ne-gluten.
I-Gluten, ngohlobo lwayo oluqhelekileyo, libhekisela kwiiprotheni zityalo zengca ezakhela kwimbewu yazo (esiyazi ngayo njengezityalo) ukuxhasa nokondla ukukhula kwesizukulwana esilandelayo sesityalo.
Phantse zonke iinkozo zine gluten - i-corn gluten, umzekelo, isebenza kakuhle kunye nesichumisi kunye nokhuselo olukhula lokhula, ngelixa ilayisi enobuthi ivela kwiitya ezininzi zaseThai. Nangona kunjalo, ezo ngqolowa-kunye ne-gluten kuzo-zikhuselekile ngokupheleleyo kubantu abanezifo eziqhwaba kunye ne-non-celiac gulen sensitivity (ngamanye amaxesha ebizwa ngokuba yi-gluten tolerance okanye gluten allergies).
I-gluten eyenzeka kwiqela elithile lezityalo - i-Pooideae yintsapho yasekhaya le-Poaceae yengca - ebangela ukuphendula ngokuthe ngqo kulabo abanesifo se-celiac okanye abanomdla. Umntwana wasePooideae uquka ingqolowa, ibhali, i-rye kunye ne-oats.
Xa umntu esithi balandela ukutya okungahambisani ne-gluten, abayikuphepha yonke i-gluten. Esikhundleni saloo nto, bayagwema loo protheyini e-gluten efumaneka kwi-Pooideae encinane kwintsimi.
I-Gluten Inika I-Dough Ukhathala, Ulwakhiwo
I-gluten yengqolowa, i-hareyi, ne-ryeyi ngokwenene iqukethe amaprotheni amabini: i-gliadin kunye ne-gluten.
Xa ezi zibini zidibanisa ngexesha lokubhaka, zenza into efana neleyo, elula, efana ne-glue ebonelela ngesonka kunye nezinye izinto ezibhakayo ngokunyaniseka nokubonakalayo.
I-Gluten nayo inceda inhlama yesonka iphuma ngokubamba (ngokoqobo i-gluing) iibhulabhaka ezivumba isambatho ngaphakathi kwenhlama ngokwayo, ivumela inhlama ukuba ikhule kwisiqhekeza esiphezulu nesomoya.
Ngokudabukisayo, iiprotethini ze-gluten kwezinye izityalo aziboneleli ngolu hlobo, oko kutheni kunzima ukufumana isonka esingenasiphelo se-gluten.
Yiyo le mpawu kwizinto ezibhakabhile ezenza ukuba kuthandwe ngqolowa yanamhlanje (kunye ne-barley ne rye rye ngaphantsi). Enyanisweni, ingqolowa yanamhlanje sele iqulethe i-gluten ngaphezu kweentlobo ezindala zeengqolowa ezifana ne-Einkorn ngqolowa kunye neengqolowa zengqolowa, okwenza ingqolowa yanamhlanje ibe yingozi kunezo zethu ezithatha i-gluten kuyo.
Kwaye akumangalisi ukuba i-gluten inzima kakhulu ukuyiphepha: Inqoloba yintlahlela yesithathu kwi-US (emva kweso sityalo kunye neesoya), kunye namahektare angama-54.6 kwi-2015 kwaye i-2.05 billion ibhasi ikhulile (xa kuthelekiswa, kuphela iihektare ezingama-2.6 isetyenziswe ukukhula ilayisi ngo-2015).
Xa udibanisa iinani zengqolowa, ibhalley, neer rye, ii-acre ezininzi zeefama zisetyenziselwa ukukhula kwezityalo ze-gluten eziqhamo kunezinye izivuno enye-ngaphezulu kwama-acre angama-58 aveliswe kuma-bhiliyoni ama-bhiliyoni ama-gluten ngonyaka ka-2015.
'I-Gluten-Free' Akukho iNgqolowa, iBhalley okanye i-Rye Gluten
Kwiimeko ezininzi (ngokuqinisekileyo ngaphandle kwezolimo) nabani na obhekisela ku "gluten" okanye "gluten-free" kuthetha i-gluten equlethwe yingca yengqolowa, ibhali kunye ne rye (kunye ngamanye amafutha).
Ezi ntlobo ezithile zeeproteni zenza ukuba iimpendulo zibonwe kwi-celiacs kunye nezobubele be-gluten.
Ngelishwa, ngenxa yokuba le ngqolowa-ingakumbi ingqolowa-injalo ngokubanzi kwi-chain chain yokutya, ukutya okungafaniyo kwe-gluten kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje kokumisela isonka esingenasikhala se-gluten kunye nezinye izinto ezibhakiweyo kwiintlobo ezinokutya kwe-gluten. Izithako eziqulethwe ngeGluten zivela kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya, kwaye nabani na olandela ukutya kokutya okungenayo i-gluten kufuneka bafunde ukuba kuthetha ukuthini igama elithi 'gluten' kwiibhile zokutya .