Nangona i-X-rays ecacileyo iyimvavanyo yokucinga yokunceda ukuphonononga iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo, oogqirha badla ngokufuna iimvavanyo zobugcisa zengxowankulu ekuncedeni ukuba babone isizathu seempawu zesigulane. I-tomography yeComputer (CT) kunye ne-imagery magnetic resonance (MRI) ingasetyenziselwa ukuxilonga nokucoca .
Kuzo zombini iimvavanyo, isigulane silala kwitheyibhile eshukunyiswa kwisakhiwo esifane ne-donut njengoko imifanekiso ifumaneka.
Kodwa kukho ukungafani okukhulu phakathi kwe-CT kunye neMRI.
Tomography eComputer (CT)
Kwi-CT scan, i-X-ray ibhagi iyajikeleza umzimba womzi. Ikhompyutheni ibamba imifanekiso kwaye iphinda iphinde ihlaziywe iinqununu zecandelo. Iimvavanyo ze-CT zingagqitywa kwincinci emizuzu engama-5, okwenza kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwamasebe angxamisekileyo.
I-scan ye-CT isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo zomzimba ezilandelayo kunye nokungaqhelekanga:
- Ingqondo ephosakeleyo ixhepha kwi-stroke okanye ingozi
- Izakhiwo zeBony
- Ukugqithiswa kwepulmonary - i-blood clot kwimiphunga
- Imilenze, isisu nesentsimbi
- Amatye eentso
Uvavanyo lwe-CT lusetyenziselwa ukukhokela ukufakwa kwenaliti ngexesha le-biopsy yemiphunga, isibindi okanye ezinye izitho.
Kwezinye iimeko, idayi eyahlukileyo ilawulwa isigulane ukuphucula ukubonakala kwezinto ezithile ngexesha le-CT scan. Ukwahlukana kunokwenziwa kwangaphakathi, ngomlomo okanye nge-enema. Ukwahlukana kwe-intravenous ayisetyenziswanga kwizigulane ezinezifo ezintle zesifo okanye ukungabikho komzimba.
Iimvavanyo ze-CT zisebenzisa i-radiation ionizing ukuze ithathe imifanekiso. Olu hlobo lombane lubangela ukwanda okuncinci kumngcipheko wokuphila komhlaza. Impendulo kwimisebe ye-ionizing iyahluka phakathi kwabantu. Imisebe iyingozi kuma-abantwana. Ngokomzekelo, uphando olukhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uMark Pierce waseYunivesithi yaseNewcastle, e-UK, lubonise umbutho phakathi kweemitha eziphuma kwi-CT kunye ne-leukemia kunye neengxaki zeengqondo ezinganeni.
Nangona kunjalo, abalobi bayiqaphela ukuba izingozi ezingqongqo zincinci, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, iinzuzo zekliniki zigqithise kakhulu ingozi.
Kwakhona, njengoko iteknoloji iphucule, umthamo weemitha ezifunekayo kwi-scan scan kuye kwacitshiswa. Ngethuba elifanayo, umgangatho wobungakanani obunokucinga ubhetele. Ezinye iiskrini zezahlulo ezizayo zinganciphisa ukunyuka kwamayeza ngamaphesenti angama-95 xa kuthelekiswa nemishini yemveli ye-CT. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqulethe imiqolo engaphezulu yee-ray-detectors kwaye vumela ukucinga ngokukhawuleza ngokuthatha indawo enkulu yomzimba ngexesha elinye. Ngokomzekelo, ii-CT coronary angiographies ezihlola imizobo yentliziyo ngoku iyakuthabatha umfanekiso wenhliziyo yonke ngentliziyo enye xa usebenzisa i-teknoloji yamanoveli.
Ukongezelela, ukukhuselwa kweemitha kunye nokuqheliswa kwemitha kuye kwaxutyushwa ngokubanzi. Imibutho emibini esebenza ekuphakamiseni ulwazi yiNzululwazi ngokuBambisana kunye neZithombe ngokuhlakanipha. Umfanekiso Ubuthathaka kakhulu ngokulungiswa kwemitha yee-radiation kubantwana, ngoxa i-Image ngokufanelekileyo iphucula imfundo engcono malunga nokuchayeka kweemitha kunye nokujongana neengxaki ezahlukileyo ezihambelana namayeza emitha yeemvavanyo ezahlukeneyo. Uphando lubonisa ukubaluleka kokuxoxa ngeengozi zemitha kunye nezigulane; njengesigulane, kufuneka uhileleke kwinkqubo yokwenza isigqibo esabiweyo.
Ukujonga umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)
Ngokungafani ne-CT, i-MRI ayisebenzisi i-radiation ionizing. Ngoko ke, indlela ekhethiweyo yokuvandlakanywa kwabantwana kunye neengxenye zomzimba ezingafaneleki zikarhulumente xa kunokwenzeka, umzekelo, isifuba kunye neengcathu kubasetyhini.
Endaweni yoko, i-MRI isebenzisa amaginethi kunye namaza omsakazo ukufumana imifanekiso. I-MRI ikhiqiza imifanekiso eminqamlezo emigqabini emininzi-oko kukuthi, ngaphaya kobubanzi, ubude kunye nokuphakama komzimba wakho.
I-MRI ifanelekile ukujonga izi zakhiwo zomzimba ezilandelayo kunye nokungaqhelekanga:
- Ukulimala kwiitoni kunye nemigxala ejikelezayo ngamalungu afana namadolo okanye ihlombe. (I-tendon idibanisa i-muscle kunye ne-bone ukuze iqhube ithambo. I-ligament idibanisa amathambo kwisithambo ukuze kuzinze ukudibanisa.) Ngokomzekelo, ugqirha unakho ukuyalela i-MRI ukuba umntu unempawu okanye iimpawu zesigxina esiqhekekileyo emadolweni.
- Iingxaki zentambo yomgca, njengengxube ye-herniated okanye i-spinal stenosis
- Iingxaki zeBongo, ezifana ne-tumor, ukusuleleka, imivimbo emdala kunye ne-multiple sclerosis
- Osteomyelitis (unyango olungapheliyo lwamathambo)
Imishini ye-MRI ayifani njengendawo efana nemishini ye-CT, ngoko ke kukho ixesha elide lokulinda ngaphambi kokufumana i-MRI. Uvavanyo lwe-MRI lubiza kakhulu. Nangona i-CT scan ingagqitywa ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-5, iimviwo ze-MRI zingathatha imizuzu engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu.
Imishini ye-MRI iyamemeza, kwaye ezinye izigulane zivakalelwa i-claustrophobic ngexesha leemviwo. Imithi yokwazisa ngomlomo okanye ukusebenzisa umshini "ovulekile" weMRI unokunceda izigulane ziziva zikhululekile.
Ngenxa yokuba i-MRI isebenzisa amatshini, inqubo ayikwazi ukuyenza kwizigulane ezineentlobo ezithile zezixhobo zetsimbi ezifakwe ngaphakathi, ezifana nezigulane zentliziyo, izivilini zentliziyo, izicathulo ze-vascular okanye i-aneurysm.
Ezinye i-MRIs zidinga ukusetyenziswa kwe-gadolinium njengombala ogqithisileyo. I-Gadolinium ngokubanzi ikhuselekile kunezinto ezichaseneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhlola i-CT kodwa zinokulimaza kwizigulane ezise-dialysis yokuhluleka kwezintso.
Uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe lwakutshanje lunokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-MRI kwenzeke kwiimeko zempilo apho i-MRI yayingafanelekanga ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, ngo-2016, izazinzulu ezivela kwiziko leNgqungquthela yaseNgqungquthela yase-Sir Peter Mansfield zavelisa indlela enokuthi ikwazi ukucinga imiphunga. Indlela yokusebenzisa isebenzisa i-krypton gesi njenge-agent engafanelekanga kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-Inhaled Hyperpolarised Gas MRI. Izigulane kufuneka zifake igesi kwifomu ehlanjululwe kakhulu, evumela ukuveliswa komfanekiso we-3D high resolution solution yemiphunga yabo. Ukuba uphando lwelo ndlela luyimpumelelo, i-technology ye-MRI inokunika oogqirha umfanekiso ophuculweyo wezifo zamaphaphu, njenge-asthma kunye ne-cystic fibrosis. Ezinye iigesi eziphezulu ziye zasetyenziswa kwifom echaphazelekayo, kuquka i-xenon kunye ne-helium. I-Xenon iyakunyamezela kakuhle umzimba. Ixabiso elincinci kune-helium kwaye lifumaneka ngokwemvelo. Kuye kwaphawulwa njengeluncedo xa kuhlolwa iimpawu zomsebenzi wamaphaphu kunye nokutshintshiselwa kwee-alveoli (iibhasi ezincinci zomoya emiphakeni). Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba ama-agent angabonakaliyo angabonakali angaphaya kobugcisa obukhoyo kunye nokuvavanywa komsebenzi. Banikela ngolwazi oluphezulu kumsebenzi kunye nesakhiwo semiphunga, efunyenwe ngexesha lokuphefumla.
> Imithombo:
> Nceda N, Bourguignon M, Hamada N. Impendulo yomntu ngamnye kwimimiselo ye-ionizing. Uphando olutshintsho-Ukuphonononga kuPhando loMthamo . 2016; 770 (Icandelo B): 369-386.
> Hill B, uJohnson S, u-Owens E, uGerber J, uSenagore A. I-CT Scan yeCandelo eliPhezulu lomzimba elixhasayo: Impembelelo ye-Combinations ye-IV, i-Oral, ne-Contrast Contrast. Ingxelo Yomhlaba Yophando . 2010; 34 (4): 699
> I-Hinzpeter R, i-Sprengel K, i-Wanner G, i-Mildenberger P, i-Alkadhi H. Ukuhlolwa kwakhona kwe-CT ekutshintshisweni kweengxaki: Ukuhlalutya kweenkcazo, ukukhanya kwe-dose, kunye neendleko. I-European Journal ye-Radiology . 2017: 135-140.
> Pearce M, Salotti J, de González A, et al. Amanqaku: Ukunyuka kwamayeza okuvela kwi-CT ukuhlolwa ebuntwaneni kunye nomngcipheko we-leukemia kunye neengqondo ze-tumors: ukufundwa kweqela eliphindaphindiweyo. Lancet . 2012; 380: 499-505.
> Rogers N, Hill-Casey F, Meersmann T, et al. I-hydroxy molecular kunye ne-catalytic combustion kwimveliso ye-83Kr kunye ne-129Xe ye-MRI . Iinkqubo ze-National Academy of Science ze-United States of America . 2016; 113 (12): 3164-3168.
> URoos JE, uMcAdams HP, i-Kaushik SS, i-Driehuys B. I-MRI yeGesi ephezulu: I-Technique kunye nezicelo. Iikliniki zokuzikhumbuza zamagnesi eMntla Melika . 2015; 23 (2): 217-229. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.mric.2015.01.003.