Iimpawu Zakhe ekugqibeleni namhlanje
USamuel Heinicke wazalelwa ngo-Apreli 14, 1727, kwinqanaba leYurophu elisezantsi laseJamani. Ngo-1754, waqala ukufundisa abafundi - kwaye omnye wabo wayengumsila. Umfundi osisithulu wabika ukuba wayeyinkwenkwana. Wasebenzisa i- alfabhethi yencwadi yokufundisa ukuba umfundi ongenathulu.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Heinicke yokufundisa ifilosofi yathonywa kakhulu yincwadi, "uSurdus loquens," okanye "Ukuthetha Isisithulu," malunga nendlela udokotela waseYurophu efundisa ngayo izithulu ukuba zithethe.
Incwadi ibikwa kukuba yayingumntu ogama linguAmman. Ngo-1768, wayefundisa umfundi osisithulu e-Eppendorf, eJamani. Ilizwi lisasazeka ngokukhawuleza malunga nokuphumelela kweHeinicke ekufundiseni izithulu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wafumanisa nabafundi abayizithulu.
Ukuqala ukusebenzisa i-Oral Method
Ekuqaleni, uHeinicke wasebenzisa kuphela ukubhala, ukusayina, kunye nesenzo sokufundisa kodwa kungekudala wayeva ukuba akwanele kwaye waqala ukusebenzisa intetho kunye nokufundisisa ukufundisa. Wafundisa intetho ngokuba abafundi bazive bephethe umqala. U-Heinicke wayevakalelwa ngamandla ukuba ukufikelela kolwimi oluthethekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni inkqubo yokucinga. Kodwa, ngokukrakra, kwakufuneka asebenzise ulwimi lwezandla kunye nokunyathela ukuba abafundi bakhe baphumelele ekufundeni ukuthetha . Ngokungenani ubuncwane bodwa, uHeinicke wavelisa ulwimi loLwimi ukumela iindlela zokuthetha. Kwakhona wasebenzisa ukutya ukufundisa intetho.
Ngeli xesha - ukususela ngo-1773 ukuya ku-1775-wabhala amanqaku epapasho ngemfundo yezithulu.
UHeinicke wabhala ngokusebenzisa kwakhe intetho ukuze afundise abafundi abayizithulu aze athi "U-Oralism." Ukufundisa izithulu waba ngumsebenzi wexesha elipheleleyo likaHeinicke - kungekudala wayengasenayo abafundi abavayo - kwaye wabhala incwadi yokufundisa izithulu.
Into enomdla ngoHeinicke kukuba ngelixa uhambo lwakhe njengomfundisi oyisithulu laqhubeka, wayedibene nomnye utitshala oyisithulu - uAbbe de l'Epee, owayengumntwana "weelwimi lwentetho" ngeli xesha uHeinicke waba "nguyise indlela yaseJamani. " Empeleni kunokwenzeka ukuba ufunde ezi ncwadi namhlanje - IThala leNkcazo linesixhobo esilandelayo:
Ukutshintshana kweencwadi phakathi kukaSamuel Heinicke noAbbe Charles Michel de l'Epee; i-monograph kwindlela yokubhala ngomlomo kunye neendlela zokufundisa abantu abazizithulu ngekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, kuquka ukuveliswa ngesiNgesi kwiingxenye ezibalulekileyo zeleta nganye [kuchazwe nguChristopher B. Garnett, Jr.
[1st ed.]
ENew York, iVantage Press [1968]
Inombolo yeThala leNkcukacha yeNkcukacha: HV2471 .H4 1968
Ukuseka iSikolo esiThulu
Ngomnyaka we-1777, udumo lwakhe njengomfundisi oyisithulu lwalusekwe kakuhle kangangokuthi wacelwa ukuba avule isikolo sokuqala (ngomlomo) kwisikolo sikarhulumente esisithulu. Esi sikolo savuleka eLeipzig, eJamani kwaye kwakuyi sikolo sokuqala sezithulu eziqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni nguRhulumente. Igama lokuqala le sikolo laliyi-"Electoral Saxon Institute for Mutes kunye nabanye abantu abahlukunyeziweyo ngeNkulumko yokuThetha," kwaye namhlanje uyaziwa ngokuba nguSamuel Heinicke School of Resents. Isikolo, esiseKarl Siegismund kwindlela 2, 04317 iLeipzig, ikuwebhu. Iwebsite inomfanekiso wesikolo, owakhangela iminyaka engama-225 ekhona entwasahlobo ka-2003 (isikolo sibuyele kwilayibrari enkulu ekulahlekeni kwendlebe engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka ubudala).
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini emva kokuvula isikolo, wafa waza umfazi wakhe wathatha isikolo.
Kungekudala emva kokufa kwakhe, uHeinicke wahlonishwa yiMpuma Jamani ngo-1978 kwisitampu sokuposa.
Iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo
I-International Bibliography yoLwimi lwezandla ine-bibliography yeHeinicke. Uninzi lwemisebenzi ekhankanywe apha ngesiJamani.
ILayibrari yeCongress ineencwadi ephathelele uHeinicke kuphela: u-Osman, uNabil.
USamuel Heinicke / uNabil Osman.
München: Nashorn-Verlag, ngo-1977.
29 iphe. ; 21 cm.
ILibrari yeNkcukacha yeNombolo ye-Call HV2426.H44 O85