Ukuchithwa kweNqweno ebiliswe phantsi koBusini, ukuThando, kunye nokuQiniswa
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba uvile ntoni, awuyithandi nto nayiphi intliziyo yakho. Uyakuthanda ukususela kwindawo enzulu yendawo yakho ye-ventral, yakho hypothalamus, i-nucleus accumbens yakho kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho.
Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, izazinzulu ziye zajoyina izihlwele zeengqungquthela, izazifilosofi, abaculi kunye nabanye abazama ukuqonda iindlela zothando.
Izindlela zesayensi zokuhlola indlela amava eengqondo abathanda ngayo ulwahlulo lwezilwanyana kwiimvavanyo zendabuko kwiindlela zobuchwepheshe eziphambili, njenge -imagination magnetic resonance (fMRI) kunye nepositron emissive tomography (PET) .
Ngokutsho koDkt. Helen Fisher, omnye wabaphandi ababalaseleyo kwintsimi yothando lwabantu, uthando lunokwahlukana zibe ziinkalo ezintathu ezinkulu zobuchopho: ubulili, uthando kunye nesinamathiselo. Inkqubo nganye ibandakanya inethiwekhi eyahlukileyo ngaphakathi kwengqondo, ebandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo, amahomoni, kunye neurotransmitters kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo kwezobudlelwane.
I-Sex Drive
Ukufisa kubangelwa kakhulu kwi-hypothalamus, ummandla wengqondo olawulayo iimfuno ezinqwenelekayo njengendlala nololiso. I-hypothalamus ixhomekeke ngokusondeleyo kwinkqubo ye-nervous autonomic elawula intlawulo yeentliziyo zethu kunye nendlela esiphefumula ngayo. Ama-receptors ekhethekileyo kwi-hypothalamus yee-hormone ezifana ne- testosterone - ekhoyo kuwe, oomama-baqhumise ukuxhunywa kuzo zonke iintlobo zempendulo.
Isiphumo sinamandla, eqhelekileyo idrayivu yokuvelisa.
Inkqubo yoRomance
Le yeso siphumo emva kwezinto ezininzi ezinobomi bonke ubusuku. Yisona isizathu sokuba abathandi balwe nemikhosi, bahlambe amanxweme, okanye bahambe ngamakhulu eekhilomitha ukuba babe kunye. Ngamagama, aphakamileyo. Izifundo zokucinga ziqinisekisa abathandi abatsha banomlinganiselo ophezulu womsebenzi kwindawo ye-ventral kunye ne-nucleus accumbens, iinkqubo ezifanayo zomvuzo ezivuthayo ekuphenduleni umgca we-cocaine.
Ezi mimandla zikhukhula nge-neurotransmitter dopamine, ikhemikhali esisiqhubela kumvuzo obonwayo. Ezinye iikhemikhali ezinxulumene noxinzelelo kunye nolonwabo ziphakanyisiwe, ezifana ne-cortisol, i-phenylephrin (efunyenwe kwi-tshokoleta), kunye ne- norepinephrin . I-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuthi i-serotonin iphantsi kwintando yokuqala yothando. I-Serotonin ingaba yinto ephantsi kwimeko yokunyanzelisa, ukuxinezeleka nokuxhalabisa. Isiphumo kukuphishekela ngokugqithiseleyo okufunayo, ukungathembeki ngokuthe tye, kunye nohlobo lomlutha.
Inkqubo Yokuthandana
Kungenxa yoko abanye abantu banamathele ndawonye xa umdlalo we-dopaminergic uhamba. Kwizilwanyana, iikhemikhali ezisebenzayo zi-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, ezi khemikhali zokuthoba zifihliwe yi-hypothalamus efanayo evuselela inkanuko yethu.
Abanye banokubona iinkqubo ezi ngasentla njengoluhlobo lokuqhubela phambili kulwalamano. Ukukhanuka kokuqala ("hey, yena uhle"), ngoko-ke uthando ("Ndiya kubhala ingoma yothando"), ngoko umtshato (calmer kunye cozier). Nangona kuyi nyaniso ukuba le micimbi yobungqina bethu kunye nolwalamano lwethu luguquka kwixesha, kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuba abazange bahlasele kwaye badla ngokubambisana ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-oxytocin kunye ne-vasopressin zidibaniswe ne-dopamine yomvuzo inkqubo kwakhona.
Mhlawumbi yeso sizathu esihle sokuvuselela uthando ngoku, ngoko uthando lunokuqhakaza.
Inhliziyo okanye Intloko?
Ubudlelwane buyatshintsha. Ngamanye amaxesha aguqukela kwinto ehlala ngonaphakade, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo, ayenjalo. Uninzi lwethu luba nomtshato phambi komtshato, uhamba nomtya wobudlelwane ngaphambi kokudibana "nomnye." Kwaye ngokudabukisayo, akuqhelekanga ukuba "lowo" uba ngumlingane wangaphambili.
Abaphandi abaye bathabatha imifanekiso yengqondo kubantu abaye bahamba ngokugqithisa ukubonisa utshintsho kwendawo yokudlala, i-ventral pallidum, kunye ne-putamen, yonke into echaphazelekayo xa umvuzo ungaqinisekanga.
Nangona le nto inokufunda ngokugqithiseleyo kwisifundo, ukungaqiniseki ngokuqinisekileyo kuyaqhelekileyo emva kokuphuka. Iindawo kwi-cortex ye-orbitofrontal echaphazelekayo ngokuziphatha okunyanzelekileyo kunye nokulawula komsindo kukhanya kwakhona ekuqaleni, nangona le misebenzi eyongezelelweyo ingahle iphelelwe ixesha. Ngo-2011, abaphandi bapapasha iziphumo ze-MRI ezibonisa ukuba ingqondo ayikwahlukanisi phakathi kwentlungu yokulahlwa kwentlalontle kunye nentlungu yokulimala, nangona ezi ziphumo neendlela ziye zabizwa. Akumangalisi kukuba, utshintsho kwezinye iisetyenziselwano ze-neural ezibandakanyeka nokudakumba okukhulu ziye zabonwa emva kwekhefu.
Iingcamango Zokuguqula
Njani kwaye ukuba ukukholelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuye kwabanceda ukulolonga imikhuba yokuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngumxholo odla ngokukhokelela kwingxoxo enomdla. Ngokomzekelo, kuba amadoda akhiqiza izigidi ezininzi izidalwa kunabesifazane abavelisa amaqanda, kukho ingcamango yokuba isicwangciso sokuqhayisa abantu besetyhini siya kugxininisa ngakumbi ekukhuseleni nasekukhuliseni amathuba ambalwa okuzala, kanti amadoda "ahlelwe ngaphambili" ekusasazeni imbewu yabo kude.
Nangona kunjalo, le ngcamango mhlawumbi ilula, njengoko ihluleka ukuphendula ngezinye iinkalo. Ngokomzekelo, kwiintlobo apho ukukhulisa umntwana osanda kuzalwa kufuna ukuba intsebenziswano yabazali, i-monogamy iba yinto eqhelekileyo. UDkt. Helen Fisher ucebise "inyaka emine" inkolelo, ebonisa i-spike kwizinga lokuqhawula umtshato ngonyaka wesine womtshato kwisigqibo sokuba lo ngumntwana oye wadlula kwisigaba esinobuthathaka bobutsha kwaye unokunyamekela ngomzali omnye. Inkolelo "yeminyaka emine" inokuguquguquka. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isibini sinomnye umntwana, ixesha lingadibaniswa kwi-"itch-year-year".
Akukho nanye kule nto, nangona kunjalo, ichaza ezo zibini ezithandekayo ezihamba ngokubambisana ngokubomi babo bonke ekuhlaleni kweminyaka yabo. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kunzima kangakanani isihloko sothando lomntu. Inkcubeko yethu, ukukhuliselwa kwethu, kunye nobomi bethu bonke banceda ukutshintsha ezo zikhemikhali kunye namanethiwekhi. Uthando olunzima lubonisa ukuba imibuzo malunga nohlobo lwothando luya kuqhubeka lukhombise iingqungquthela, izafilosofi kunye nososayensi kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.
Imithombo:
A. de Boer, EM van Buel, GJ Ter Horst, Uthando alugqithisi nje ukumanga: umboniso we-neurobiological othandweni nothando, i-Neuroscience Volume 201, 10 Januwari 2012, iphepha 114-124
I-Kross E, i-Berman MG, i-Mischel W, i-Smith EE, iVager TD (2011) Izabelo zokulahlwa kwezenhlalakahle zibonakaliswe ngokubaluleka kwintlungu. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 6270-6275. I-Abstract / I-FREE Full Text
UHelen E Fisher, uAron, D Mashek, H Li, uLL Brown. Ukucacisa iinkqubo zobuchopho bokukhanga, ukutsalana ngothando kunye nesinamathiselo. Ii-Archives of Sexual behavior, Oktobha 31, 2002. (5): 314-9