Imithi yeHay Fever
Ukwelashwa kwe-Hay Fever: Ukusetyenziswa kweeMithi zoLwabiwo
Xa iindlela zokuphepha zingaphumeleli okanye zingenakwenzeka, abaninzi abantu baya kufuna imishanguzo yokunyanga iimpawu zabo zokugula . Ukukhethwa kwamachiza kuxhomekeke kwimibandela emininzi ukuphendulwa ngunyango lomntu okanye umntu:
1. Zibuhlungu kangakanani iimpawu?
2. Ziziphi iimpawu?
3. Yiyiphi imithi umntu angayifumana (phezu kwekharityhulam, umyalelo)?
4. Liliphi iyeza eliza kuthathwa ngumntu?
5. Ngaba amayeza afunekayo imihla ngemihla okanye ngokukhawuleza?
6. Yiyiphi imiphumo emibi engenzeka ukuba umntu abe namayeza?
Antihistamines zomlomo. Le yile iklasi eqhelekileyo yamachiza asetyenziselwa i-rhinitis ye-allergen. I-antihistamines yesizukulwana sokuqala, equka uBenadryl®, ngokuqhelekileyo ibonwa ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala isetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa rhoqo. Ezi zonyango ziye zaboniswa ukuba zichaphazele ukusebenza komsebenzi kwaye ziguqule amandla omntu wokusebenzisa imoto.
I-antihistamines yesibini, i-antihistamines yesizukulwana sesibini ibe yonyango lokuqala lomntu kubantu abane-rhinitis. Le myeza yonyango ifaka i-cetirizine (i-Zyrtec®), i-fexofenadine (i-Allegra®) kunye ne-desloratadine (i-Clarinex®). I-Loratadine (iClaritin®, iAlavert® kunye neifom zendalo) ngoku ikhona kwi-counter.
Ezi zonyango zinomsebenzi wokungabibizi, ukulula abantu ukuba bathathe, baqale ukusebenza ngeeyure ezimbalwa, ngoko ke banokunikezwa njengokuba "kufuneka."
Amachiza athile ngokukhethekileyo ekuphatheni ukunyunyuza, impumlo ye-runny, kunye nokubetheka kwempumlo ngenxa ye-rhinitis ye-allergen. Imiphumo emibi ayinqabile, kwaye iquka ukulingana kwe-sedation okanye ukulala, kodwa kuncinci kune-antihistamines yesizukulwana sokuqala.
Sicalid nasal steroids. Eli klasi leemithi ezichasene nomzimba mhlawumbi lona lisebenza kakhulu ekuphepheni i-nasal allergies, kunye ne -rhinitis engeyona ingxaki .
Kukho ezininzi ze-nasal steroids kwiimarike, kwaye zonke ziyafumaneka ngogunyaziso. Abanye abantu bayaqaphela ukuba umntu ucokola okanye uthanda ngakumbi kunomnye, kodwa bonke basebenza ngokufanayo.
Eli qela leyeza liquka i-fluticasone (i-Flonase®), i-mometasone (i-Nasonex®), i-budesonide (i-Rhinocort Aqua®), i-flunisolide (i-Nasarel®), i-triamcinolone (i-Nasacort AQ®) ne-beclomethasone (i-Beconase AQ®).
I-nasal steroids ibalaseleyo ekulawuleni iimpawu ze-rhinitis. Nangona kunjalo, iiprafu kufuneka zisetyenziswe imihla ngemihla ukuze zibe nempembelelo engcono kwaye ngoko zingasebenzi kakuhle njengoko zifunekayo. Imiphumo emibi iyancipha kwaye iyancipha kwesohlwayo esiswini kunye negazi lempumlo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi mpahla zomzimba kufuneka kugcinwe ukuba ukucaphuka okanye ukuphuma kwegazi kuqhubeka okanye kunzima.
Olunye utywala lusephalaza. Kukho ezinye iiproyra zomdaka zonyango ezikhoyo, i-antihistamine yamanzi kunye ne-anti-cholinergic. I-anti-histamine, i-azelastine (i-Astelin®), isebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekunakekeleni i-rhinitis ye-allergen kunye ne-allergenic. Iyakhathalela zonke iimpawu zomzimba ezinjenge-nasal steroids, kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo ukuze zibe nempembelelo engcono. Imiphumo emibi ngokuqhelekileyo ilula kwaye iquka ukucaphukiswa kwendawo yangasese kunye neengxelo zokulala, njengoko i-antihistamine yesizukulwana sokuqala.
I-nasal ipratropium (i-Atrovent nasal®) isebenza ukumelela iimfihlo zomzimba, kwaye iboniswe ekuphatheni i-rhinitis ye-allergen, ingeyona i-rhinitis ye-allergen kunye neempawu zeqanda eliqhelekileyo. Isebenza kakuhle ekuphatheni "impumlo ekhukhulayo", kodwa ayiyi kunyanga i-nasal itching okanye iimpawu zokuxininisa. Imiphumo emibi ifumanekile kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanye ukucasuka kwendawo yangasese kunye nokomisa.
I-sprays yangaphezulu. Eli qela liquka i-cromolyn nasal spray (NasalCrom®) kunye nama-decongestants angama-topical as oxymetazoline (Afrin®) kunye ne-phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®). I-Cromolyn isebenza ngokuthintela iimpawu ze-rhinitis eziqhekezayo kuphela xa zisetyenziswe ngaphambi kokuba zichazwe kwizinto ezivakalayo.
Ngenxa yoko eli mayeza alisebenzisi kwisiseko esifanelekileyo.
Izidumbu zongxowankulu zixhasayo zonyango ekuphatheni ukudibanisa kwendoda. La mayeza kufuneka asetyenziswe ixesha elincinci leentsuku ezintathu kwiiveki ezi-2-4; Ngenye indlela kunokukhokelela / ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwamanzi olubizwa ngokuthi yi-rhinitis medicamentosa.
Imiphumo engasentla yimiba emibini ibonisa ubumnene kwaye iquka ukucasuka kwendawo yangasese kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi, kodwa i-decongestants ye-topical ifanele isetyenziswe kwizigulane ezinentliziyo okanye iingxaki zengcinezelo yegazi.
Abagqithisileyo bomlomo. Ama-decongestants omlomo, okanye ngaphandle kwama-antihistamines ngomlomo, ayiluncedo kumachiza ekunyangeni kokuxininiseka kwendoda kubantu abane-rhinitis. Eli klasi lamachiza libandakanya i-pseudoephrin (i-Sudafed®), i-phenylephrin, kunye nemveliso ehlanganisiweyo. Imveliso yokudibanisa i-Decongestant / antihistamine (njenge-Allegra-D®, i-Zyrtec-D®, i-Clarinex-D® kunye neClaritin-D® iboniswa ukunyanga i-rhinitis ye-allergen kubantu abaneminyaka eli-12 ubudala nangaphezulu.
Eli nqanaba lonyango lisebenza kakuhle ngokusetyenziswa kweso sihlandlo kunye nokusetyenziswa okufunekayo, kodwa iimpendulo ezisisigxina ekusebenziseni ixesha elide zingabandakanywa ukulala, ukuphathwa kwentloko, ukunyanzeliswa kwegazi, ukuvutha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwesaba.
I-Leukotriene blockers. I-Montelukast (i-Singulair®), yayisungulwa ngokusesikweni kwisifo se-asthma malunga neminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo, kwaye ngoku ivunyiwe ukunyangwa kwe-rhinitis ye-allergen. Uphando lubonisa ukuba le ngonyango ayilunganga ukunyanga i-allergies njenge-anti-histamines yomlomo, kodwa ingaba bhetele ekuphatheni ukuxinaniswa kwesisu. Ukongezelela, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-montelukast kunye ne-antihistamine yomlomo ingcono ngakumbi ekunyangeni ukhathala komzimba kunokuba iyeza kuphela.
I-Montelukast inokuba yinzuzo ethile kubantu abane-asthma kunye ne-rhinitis ye-allergen, njengoko iboniswe kwiimeko zombini. Amachiza kufuneka athathwe rhoqo imihla ngemihla, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenza.
Imiphumo emibi isoloko ilula kwaye iquka intloko, ubuhlungu besisu kunye nokukhathala.
Ufuna ukuqhubeka ufunda? Fumanisa ukuphela kwonyango onokuyinyamezela: ukunyuka kwamanye amazwe .
Umthombo:
Dykewicz MS, Fineman S, abahleli. Ukuxilongwa kunye noLawulo lweRhinitis: Izikhokelo ezipheleleyo zeQela eliSebenzi eliSebenzayo kwi-Parameters yokuSebenza, i-Asthma kunye ne-Immunology.