Ukuphumelela Kwenziwe Njani Uvavanyo Lwempawu Ekuqheleni Ukufuna Ingqondo?
Uvavanyo lweTransport (TMT) sisixhobo sokuvandlavanya ngamanye amaxesha sisetyenziselwa ukukhenkceza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngokuhlola ukuqonda-ukukwazi ukucinga, ukuqiqa nokukhumbula. I-TMT inezimbini ezimbini ezibhekiselwe kuyo njenge-Test Tracking Test Part A kunye noVavanyo lweeNzathelo zokuPhonononga iNgxenye B. I-TMT yinto yokuvavanya ngexesha kunye neenjongo zokugqiba iimvavanyo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza.
Icandelo lovavanyo
Icandelo A
Ingxenye ye-TMT iqulethe iibonda ezisi-25 kwisiqwenga samaphepha kunye neenombolo 1-25 ezibhaliweyo ngeerandi kwiindidi. Umsebenzi wokuthatha umvavanyo ukuqala ngenombolo eyodwa uze udwebe umgca ukusuka kweso sangqa ukuya kwisangqa kunye nenani lembini kuwo ukuya kwisangqa kunye nantathu kuwo, njl. Umntu uyaqhubeka edibanisa imijikelezo ngokulandelana kwamanani ade afinyelele nombolo 25.
Icandelo B
I-TMT Ingxenye B iqulethe iindidi ezingama-24 kwisiqwenga samaphepha, kodwa kunokuba zonke iindidi eziqulethe iinombolo, isiqingatha seesigidi sinombalo 1-12 kubo kwaye esinye isiqingatha (12) siqulethe ii-AL. Umntu othatha uvavanyo unomsebenzi onzima ngakumbi wokudweba umgca ukusuka kwisangqa esinye ukuya kwesinye kwenyuka umyalelo; Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka asebenzise enye imijikelezo kunye namanani kuwo (1-13) kunye nezijikelezo kunye neeleta kuzo (AL). Ngamanye amagama, kufuneka adibanise izibonda ngokulandelelana: 1-A-2-B-3-C-4-D-5-E njalo njalo.
Ulawulo loVavanyo
Ukunika uvavanyo, unike uvavanyo lokulinganisa iphepha kunye nezicatshulwa kulo, uchaze iikhompyutheni uze ubonise kwiphepha lesampulu indlela yokugqiba iNgxenye A. Emva koko, xelela umntu ukuba aqale uvavanyo kunye nexesha. Phinda ulandelelanise iNgxenye B, kwakhona ubonise kwiphepha lesampulu indlela yokuzalisa ngokupheleleyo iSahluko B.
Ukuba umntu akakwazi ukugqiba uvavanyo emva kwemizuzu emihlanu, unokuyeka ukuvavanya.
I mpazamo yo vavanyo
Xa ulawula uvavanyo lwe-TMT, ukuba kukho impazamo, umlawuli makamxelele loo mntu ngokukhawuleza aze abuyele ipenseli kwisangqa sokugqibela esilungileyo.
Ukulinganisa
Uvavanyo lokuThuthwa kweThutho lufunyenwe ukuba kuthatha ixesha elide ukugqiba uvavanyo. Ukuba umntu wenza iiphene ekuvavanyeni, akukho tshintsho kumanqaku ngaphandle kokuba oko kugqiba ixesha elide ukususela ekubeni umntu kufuneka abuyele kwisangqa esidlulileyo, ngaloo ndlela akwandise ixesha lawo.
Izikolo eziMkelekileyo
Ngokwezikhokelo ze-TMT zolawulo, amanqaku aphakathi kwe-TMT Ingxenye A yimigqomo engama-29 kwaye amanqaku angenayo aphezulu kuneeyure ezingama-78.
KwiNgxenye B ye-TMT, amanqaku aphakathi anemizuzwana engama-75 kwaye amanqaku alamandla aphezulu kunemizuzwana engama-273.
Iziphumo ze-TMT zifunyaniswe ukuba zichaphazeleke kakhulu ngobudala; njengabantu abadala, badinga ixesha elide ukugqiba i-TMT. Iminyaka emininzi yemfundo loo mntu eyamkeleke nje kuphela yempembelelo yeziphumo.
Ukusebenza kweSkrini
I-TMT ibeka ingqwalasela, ikhono lokujonga ukubonakala kunye nejubane lokuqhubela phambili, kwaye umlinganiselo omhle wokusebenza ngokubanzi kwengqondo.
Icandelo A ngumlinganiselo omhle weememori. Icandelo B ngokuqhelekileyo lijongene nokusebenza komsebenzi ukususela ekubeni uvavanyo lufuna amakhono amaninzi ukuwugqiba. Icandelo le-TMT liye laphakanyiswa njengethuluzi eluncedo lokuhlola ukuba umntu onothando onomdemokhrasi unokuqhuba ngokuphepha njengoko kufuna amandla okubona , ukusebenza kweemoto kunye neenkqubo zokuqonda.
I-Oral Trail Making Test
Uvavanyo lweeNzululwazi lungabuye lwenziwa ngomlomo. Esikhundleni sokumnika umntu iphepha kunye neepeni, unokumcela umntu ukuba abale ukusuka ku-1 ukuya ku-25 (Icandelo A). KwiCandelo B, umntu ucelwa ukuba athethe amanani kunye neeleta ngokubhaliweyo, ehamba phakathi kwamanani kunye neileta ezinjengale: 1-A-2-B-3-C njl njl.
Inguqu yomlomo ye-TMT ingaba sisixhobo esheshayo sokuvavanya ukuqonda xa umntu engakwazi ukwenza uvavanyo olubhaliweyo okanye kwiimeko ezifana nesibhedlele apho ukugula kunye nokukhathala kunokuchaphazela iziphumo ezibhaliweyo.
Okuhle nokubi
Iinkonzo
Ikhululekile ukuyisebenzisa, ngelixa ezinye iimvavanyo zidinga ukuba zenze iindleko ngexesha ngalinye zilawulwa.
Kufutshane, kuthatha imizuzu engamahlanu ukulawula.
Icandelo B liye laboniswa ukuba lilinge elungileyo lomsebenzi olawulayo. Iimvavanyo ezilinganisa ukukhumbula okanye ukufumana amagama kunokuphosola ukusebenza okulawulayo okungafanelekanga kwaye ngoko kungabonakali iintlobo zeengqondo zomqondo .
Umxhasi
Ubudala obudala bubachaphazela ukusebenza, nangona kungekho naluphi na ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, kodwa le nto ayifakwe kwi-scoring.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba i-TMT yayiza kubandakanywa inani elininzi labaqhubi abanokukwazi ukuba baxhomekeke kuphela ekuhloleni ikhono lokuqhuba, ngelixa ezinye iifundo zifumene ukuba zilahlekelwe ezinye izinto ezingonakalisa umqhubi okanye abo abazungezile.
ILizwi
Umzila owenza uvavanyo lwe-A no-B unokuba luncedo ekuhloleni ukuqonda. Njengaye nawuphi na uvavanyo lokuqonda, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba i-TMT iyimvavanyo yokuhlola kwaye kufuneka ngokubanzi ingasetyenziswanga ukuba iyifumane ukufumana ingqondo.
Imithombo:
I-Archives ye-Clinical Neuropsychology. 19 (2004) 203-214. Uvavanyo lweeNzululwazi A kunye noB: Iinkcukacha eziqhelekileyo eziqulunqwe ngumdala kunye nemfundo. www.usz.ch/non_cms/neurologie/HealthPro/Davos/normen_tmt.pdf
I-Neurology yeCognitive and Behavioral. Ukuqinisekiswa kweklinikhi yovavanyo lweeNtshukumo zomlomo. http://journals.lww.com/cogbehavneurol/Abstract/1996/01000/Clinical_Validation_of_the_Oral_Trail_Making_Test.7.aspx
Iziko loKhuseleko loKhuseleko lweSizwe. Isikhokelo soMgqirha wokuHlola kunye nokucebisa abaqhubi abadala. http://www.nhtsa.gov/people/injury/olddrive/OlderDriversBook/pages/Chapter3.html
> IPapononatos G, u-Ott B, uDavis J, uBarco P, uCarr D. Uxanduva lwezonyango lovavanyo lwendlela yokuhamba njengomqhubi wokuqhuba ukuqhubela phambili kubantu abadala. Umbhalo we-American Geriatrics Society. 2015; 63 (11): 2358-64. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26503623.
State of Alaska. Isebe loLawulo. >> Uvavanyo lweeMoto (TMT) Iimpawu ze A & B http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/akol/pdfs/uiowa_trailmaking.pdf .