Uninzi lwabantu abahlakulela umdlavuza we-laryngeal bahlala ixesha elide bebhema.
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe iigaretti ezininzi eziveliswe ngobuninzi ekhulwini lama-20, umdlavuza we-larynx, okanye umdlavuza we-laryngeal, wawunqabile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke abantu baseYurophu babesifaza ukutshaya iteksi ekuqaleni kwexesha leshumi elinesithandathu, ukususela xa kwaqaliswa okokuqala kwiYurophu ngabaphandi ababuya kwihlabathi elitsha.
Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi kukho into malunga neekheta ezenza umdlavuza we-laryngeal wanda kakhulu emva kwe-1900, okanye abantu abaninzi bebhema iteksi emva kokuveliswa kwe-cigarettes.
(Ukuveliswa kweMisa kwenza izinto zibe zithengi kwaye zithengeleke kuwo wonke umntu.) Kuninzi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezi zinto ezimbini kuye kwandisa imvama yesifo somhlaza ngexesha lokudlula iminyaka eyi-100 edlulileyo.
Yintoni iLaryngeal Cancer?
Umhlaza weLaryngeal ngumhlaza ochaphazela intambo yezwi (intambo yezwi). Izwi eliyinyani lidityhutyha ukuvelisa isandi kwaye sikwazi ukuthetha. Ngokwahlukileyo, iifayile zamagama ezingamanga ziphezu kweengxelo eziqinileyo zezwi kwaye azivelisi izandi ezininzi ngaphandle kokutshatyalaliswa (cinga ingoma yomsindo). Esikhundleni saloo, iifayile zamagama ezixokayo zinyango ze- vestibular ezikhusela intambo yezwi.
Umdlavuza weLaryngeal unokuthi uhlume ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwiintambo zamagama (okwenene), okanye ngasekunene kwazo (phezulu) okanye ngaphantsi kwawo (ummandla ophantsi).
Uninzi lwamanomdla e-laryngeal ayenomdlavuza weeselm.
Ziziphi izinto ezibeka ingozi kwiLaryngeal Cancer?
Ukubhema yinto ebalulekileyo yengozi echaphazelekayo nomdlavuza we-laryngeal.
Ngamanye amazwi, abaninzi abantu abahlakulela umdlavuza we-laryngeal bahlala ixesha elide bebhema.
Eminye imingcipheko yesifo somhlaza welaryal iquka oku kulandelayo:
- benzisa utywala
- Ukusuleleka kwe-HPV (nge-subtypes 16 ne-18 eyona yingozi kakhulu)
- inyosi ye-asbestos
- inhalation ye-mustard igesi
- yangaphambili yentamo yelanga
- ukungaphumeleli kwezondlo
Ukubhema kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kulungelelanisa ukwenza into ebangelwa yingozi. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu abaselayo nabomsi baninzi banakho ukuhlakulela umdlavuza we-laryngeal.
Nangona iingcali zisola ukuba isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD) sinokuba ngumngcipheko wesifo somhlaza we-laryngeal, akukho ziphumo zophando ngokuthe ngqo ezixhasa uxhulumaniso. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaye baphathwa nge-cancer ye-laryngeal kwaye bathabatha amayeza okuphatha i-GERD, i-Iike PPIs, abanamathuba amaninzi okufumana umhlaza wesiliva kwakhona (ukuphindaphinda kwamava).
Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ngo-2016, kuya kuba nama-13,543 amatyala amatsha omhlaza we-laryngeal afunyenwe (amadoda angama-10,550 kunye nabesifazane abangama-2880).
Iimpawu zengculaza yeLaryngeal
Umdlavuza weLaryngeal ngokuqhelekileyo uqala ukubonakalisa ukwesaba. Nokuba utshintsho oluncinci kwiintambo zezwi luyakuchaphazela ilizwi. Iphawulithi, i-craglytic and subglottic laryngeal cancers-okanye loo kancinci ngaphezulu kunye nangaphantsi kweengcingo zezwi, ngokulandelana-njengokuba zihamba ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokuba kuthatha ixesha lokuba lezi zicuba zikhule zikhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ziphazamise ukuhamba kwemoya ngokusebenzisa iifowuni zezwi. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu abanomdlavuza we-laryngeal and subglottic bahlala beza kugqirha enezifo eziphambili.
Nazi ezinye iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesilaryal:
- dysphagia (ingxaki yokutya)
- intlungu yomqala
- intlungu
- iinjongo
- ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokunyaniseka
- isini lesilisa (malunga namahlanu amadoda amaninzi ahlakulela umdlavuza we-laryngeal)
- ubudala (abantu abaneminyaka engama-60 no-70s)
Ukuxilongwa kweCarryary Cancer
Emva kokuba ugqirha ugxeka umhlaza welaryal, uya kwenza intloko epheleleyo nentamo yomzimba. Umdlavuza weLaryngeal unokuboniswa kwiofisi yokusebenzisa i-laryngoscopy (cinga isibuko okanye i-endoscope). Izifundo zokucinga ezifana ne-CT kunye ne-x-ray ziyayiluncedo xa zibona ukusabalala kwintsholongwane yomdlavuza kwi-lymph nodes kunye nemiphunga okanye xa ufuna umthombo weemastastases.
Unyango kunye neNgcaciso yeCarryary Cancer
Xa uphatsa umdlavuza we-laryngeal, iingcali zenza konke okusemandleni ukugcina ubuninzi be-larynx kunye neengcingo zezwi, ngokunjalo ukugcina ilizwi nokunciphisa ukukhubazeka. Umhlaza weLaryngeal uphathwa ngokuhlinzwa kunye nemitha. Uphando oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke lubonisa ukuba i-chemotherapy iyakunceda xa unyango lomhlaza we-laryngeal.
Umhlaza we-Laryngeal unyango-ngakumbi xa ufumene ukuqala-kwaye iminyaka emihlanu yokusinda ixabiso. Kwisigaba sokuqala (isigaba I) somhlaza we-laryngeal, ngaphezu kwama-95 ekhulwini abantu baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuxilongwa. Ekupheleni kwesigaba somhlaza we-laryngeal, ama-50 ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini abantu baphila iminyaka emihlanu emva komhlaza.
Ngelishwa, nangona kuphuculwa kwindlela yokugqirha kunye nokwandisa ukhetho lwonyango kule minyaka engama-30 edluleyo, amazinga okusinda komhlaza we-laryngeal ayiphuculanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhatshazwa kuye kwaphucuka, kunye nabantu abafumana unyango kwi-laryngeal umdlavuza abanempawu ezingaphantsi kunye nezifo ezihambelana nazo.
Isitshixo sonyango oluyimpumelelo kumdlavuza we-laryngeal ukufumanisa kwangaphambili unyango. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ebonisa ukuba umdlavuza we-laryngeal-ininzi okanye inguqu kwizwi-nceda wenze isigqibo sokuba ubone ugqirha wakho. Umele ukrokre ngokukodwa ukuba utshaya ixesha elide (kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala). Nangona ithuba lokuba naliphi na umntu onikwe umntu unomdlavuza we-laryngeal kwaye uya kufuna umsebenzi ophezulu kunye nophando ngophando (njengogqirha we-ENT okanye i- oncologist ) liphantsi, kulungile ukuphosa kwicala lokulumkisa.
Imithombo ekhethiweyo
I-AP yaseCon, iTran TN, iSanfilippo NJ, i-DeLacure MD. Isahluko 31. Izilonda ezinobungozi ezingamaLaryngeal. Ku: Lalwani AK. eds. UKUPHATHWA KWEZINDAWO ZONYAKA Nonyango kwi-Otolaryngology-Intloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck, 3e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Kufumaneka ngoFebruwari 28, 2016.
U-Weinberger PM, iTrris DJ. I-Otolaryngology: Intloko kunye nokuPhepha kweNeck. Ku: Doherty GM. eds. UKUPHATHWA KWESIFUNDO NOKUPHATHWA: Ukuhlinzwa, 14e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015. Kufumaneka ngoFebhuwari 28, 2016.
I-athikili ebizwa ngokuthi "Induction chemotherapy kunye nombane oqhathaniswa notyando kunye nombane kwizigulane ezine-cancer ye-laryngeal" ebizwa nguGT Wolf kunye nabalobi ababambisene nabo kwi-NEJM ngo-1991.