I-Aspirin, isilonda esisetyenzisiweyo esisisetyenziswayo kunye nesicatshulwa esivuthayo, sinokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weemeko zentliziyo, ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo ( infyoction of myocardial ) kunye nesifo. Kufuneka uqwalasele unyango lokukhusela kunye ne-aspirin - kodwa kuphela xa inzuzo ebonakalayo ingaphezu kweengozi, kwaye ugqirha wakho uyavuma ukuba yinto ehlakaniphile yokwenza.
Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kudla ngokukhawuleza xa i- clot yegazi igqitha ngokukhawuleza kwenye yeemithalo ezinika i-oksijini entliziyweni okanye kwingqondo.
Ezi ziqhekeza zegazi ezingavamile zivela xa i- plaque iphuka eludongeni lomthambo. I-clot ingavimbela ukugeleza kwegazi, okuvelisa umonakalo entliziyweni (intliziyo yesifo) okanye ingqondo (i-stroke).
I-Aspirin inokuvimbela ukubunjwa kwala macala egazi eliphazamisayo ngokuphazamisa isenzo seeplatelet zegazi, kwaye ngaloo ndlela sinokukunceda ukukhusela intliziyo kunye nemivimbo.
Ukongezelela, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ubungqina buye baqokelela ukuba icebo le-aspirin elide elide elide linganciphisa ingozi yokufa ngumhlaza. Ukudibaniswa kokunciphisa ingozi yomzimba kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza kwenza i-aspirin ephantsi-ndlela ibe yinto ekhangayo yonyango elikhuselekileyo-ukuba iziphumo ezingathintekiyo zingagwenywa.
Iimiphumo eziphambili ze-Aspirin
Iingeniso ezinokwenzeka ze-aspirin kufuneka zihlale zilinganiswa nemiphumo emibi. Imiphumo engundoqo ye-aspirin isifo esiswini kunye nokuphuma kwamanzi - i-breathbleeds, ukuphuma kwamanzi, kunye nokuphuma kwintsholongwane ( izibetho ezinzima ) zingenzeka.
Nangona ukuphuma kwegazi kusasazeka kakhulu, kwenzeka. Ngako-ke nabani na inengozi yokwanda kwamanzi (njengembali yezilonda zesilonda okanye i-stroke ephazamisayo) kufuneka azame ukuphepha i-aspirin.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuNciphisa ubungozi beCardiac
1) I-Aspirin inokusindisa ubomi kubantu ababa ne -coronary syndromes .
Nabani na ocinga ukuba banesifo senhliziyo kufuneka bathathe i-162 okanye i-325 mg ye-aspirin ngokukhawuleza (esiqingatha esinye okanye isiqulatho esipheleleyo se-aspirin).
2) I-Aspirin ikhuthazwa kakhulu kubantu abaye baqala ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, baye bafumana ingqondo , baye bafumana i- angioplasty okanye i- stents , okanye ngubani oye wafumana utyando lwe-artery . Kule bantu, phakathi kuka-75 no-100 mg we-aspirin ngosuku kunokunceda ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo.
3) I-Aspirin inconywa ngamaninzi (kodwa kungekhona onke) abantu abaye bafumana izibetho zamva nje okanye ukuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic engapheliyo (i-TIA, okanye "i-mini-strokes"). Ezinye izibetho zibangelwa ngokuphuma kwintsholongwane ebuchosheni, kunokuba zibe ngamacangci egazi ngaphakathi kweetriyiti, kwaye i-aspirin ngokuqhelekileyo ayikhuthazwa ukuba luhlobo olunjalo lwesifo. Ukuba une-stroke okanye i-TIA, kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho malunga nokuba i-aspirin iya kuba yinzuzo kuwe.
4) I-aspirin yemihla ngemihla (75 - 100 mg) inokukunceda ukukhusela intliziyo kwintliziyo ebenobungozi obunzulu bokugula kwesifo somgubo, kodwa abazange babe ne-heart attack or angina. Kule bantu, i-aspirin kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngamandla ukuba umngcipheko wokuba nomsitho we-cardiovascular is high (ubunzima beminyaka engama-10 ukuya kwe-10%), kwaye umngcipheko wemiphumo emibi ithathwa njengento ephantsi (jonga icandelo kwicala Imiphumo, ngezantsi).
Ephakamileyo ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, enkulu inzuzo enokwenzeka ye aspirin; ephakamileyo ingozi yokuxhatshazwa kwegazi, i-down inf benefit inzuzo ye-aspirin.
Ngako oko, ezininzi izikhulu zincoma ukuba, kubantu abangenayo isifo senhliziyo, kodwa isigqibo sokusebenzisa i-prophylactic aspirin kufuneka sibe ngabanye. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba unayo isifo senhliziyo kodwa uye wakhupha ingozi, kufuneka uxoxe nodokotela wakho ukuba i-prophylactic aspirin ibe yinto efanelekileyo.
Sebenzisa kubantu abaneSifo sikashukela
Abantu abanesifo sikashukela abanesifo senhliziyo, i-angina okanye i-stroke kufuneka bathathe i-aspirin njengabantu abangenayo isifo sikasifo sikashukela esineziganeko ezinjenge-cardiovascular.
Yaye kwada kutshanje, i-aspirin yemihla ngemihla yayincetyiswa kakhulu kubantu abaninzi abanesifo sikashukela abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, nangona bengenayo imbali yesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa le ngcebiso ishintshile ngoku.
Ngokusekelwe kwimiba evela kwiimvavanyo zonyango zamva nje, i-American Diabetic Association, i-American Heart Association, kunye ne-American College yeCardiology ikhuthaza i-prophylactic i-aspirin ye-low-dose (75 - 162 mg / ngosuku) kuphela kubantu besifo sikashukela abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kunye nesifo sikashukela nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala, abanokungenani ubunobungozi obongezelelweyo besifo se-cardiovascular (ngaphezu kwesifo sikashukela), njengesiganeko esomeleleyo seentsapho zesifo senhliziyo, ukutshaya, ukwandisa igazi lipids, okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Isiphakamiso esilungeleleneyo sabantu abanesifo sikashukela sinxulumene nobungqina obutsha bokuthi ukuphuma kwamathambo ngokusondeza i-aspirin kunokugqithisa kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikasifo sikashukela kunokuba bangabesifo sikashukela.
Inxaxheba ekunciphiseni ingozi yomhlaza
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphando oluthile lucebise ukuba ukuthatha i-aspirin ye-dose ephantsi kwimihla ngemihla (ubuncinane ubuneminyaka emi-5) inxulumene nomngcipheko omncinci wokufa ngumdlavuza, ngokukodwa umdlavuza wekolon kunye ne-lymphoma. I-potential aspirin yokunciphisa ingozi yomhlaza ibangela ukuba (kwakhona kwakhona) ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kweengcebiso jikelele malunga neprophylactic yonyango lwe-aspirin. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yeenzuzo ezidibeneyo zomzimba kunye nomhlaza we-aspirin ye-dose ephantsi, ngo-2012 i-American College yaseChest Physicians (i-ACCP) icebisa ukuba phantse wonke umntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 kufuneka athathe i-aspirin ye-dose ephantsi-ngaphandle kokuba aqhelekanga umngcipheko ophezulu wokukhupha.
Nangona isikhundla se-ACCP sinokugqitywa ukuba samkelwe ngamanye amaqela eengcali, okwangoku i-ACCP yintlangano ekhethekileyo yodwa eye yavakalisa esi sincomo esiqhubekayo. Eminye imibutho ekhethekileyo kunye neepaneli zengcali (njenge-United States ye-Preventive Services Task Force) isakhuthaza (ngenxa yengozi yokuphuma kwamanzi), kwaye ikhuthaze ngamandla ukuba izigulane kunye noogqirha bazo banqume ukuba ngamnye umntu ukuba i-prophylactic aspirin yinto efanelekileyo.
Ngaphantsi
Kubantu abalungileyo, i-aspirin inokuba luncedo olukhulu ekukhuseleni iziganeko ezinjengeentliziyo ezinjenge-heart attack and stroke, kwaye kunokunciphisa ingozi yokufa kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza. Kodwa ngenxa yeempembelelo zecala le-aspirin, kufuneka uthabathe kuphela xa kunokwenzeka ukuba izibonelelo zingaphezulu kweengozi ezinobungozi. Oku kusengumcimbi omele uxoxe ngawo nodokotela wakho.
Imithombo:
Seshasai SRK, Wijesuriya S, Sivakumaran R, et al. Impembelelo ye-aspirin kwimiphumo ye-vascular ne-nonvascular: i-meta-analysis of trials. Arch Intern Med 2012; INGXELO: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2011.628.
UPignone M, Alberts MJ, uColwell JA, et al. I-Aspirin yokhuseleko oluphambili lweesifo senhliziyo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Ukuhamba ngo-2010; INGXELO: 10.1161 / CIR.0b013e3181e3b133.
I-Hennekens, i-CH, i-Dyken, i-ML, i-Fuster, i-V. Aspirin njenge-arhente yokwelapha kwisifo senhliziyo. Ingxelo yabasebenzi bezempilo kwi-American Heart Association. Uhambo luka-1997; 96: 2751.
UWolff T, uMiller T, uKo S. Aspirin ukukhusela okuphambili kweziganeko zentliziyo: ukuhlaziywa kobungqina be-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150: 405.
Vandvik PO, Lincoff AM, Gore JM, et al. Ukuthintela okuphambili kunye nesekondari yesifo senhliziyo: I-Antithrombotic Therapy kunye nokuthintela kweThsissis, 9th: Ikholeji yaseMerika yaseChest Physicians Izikhokelo zoBucala beeNkcukacha zoLwazi. Ngomhla ka-2012; 141: e637S.