Oko uvavanyo lweProstate lusitshela kwaye aluxeli
Amadoda amaninzi amadala aya kuqhelana novavanyo lwe-prostate-specific antigen (PSA) oogqirha abasebenzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhangela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi baya kubhekisela kuyo njengolu vavanyo lwe-"prostate test test", aluyi kufumanisa umdlavuza kodwa kunokwakheka kwesigulo ngokwawo.
I-PSA yiprotheyini ekhethekileyo ngokwemvelo eyenziwe yi-prostate gland.
Ukuba kukho ukungaqhelekanga okanye intsholongwane yegulane, ukuvuvukala okuza kubangela ukukhululwa kwama-antigen angaphezulu. Ephakamileyo izinga le-PSA, enkulu ukuvuvukala.
Umhlaza wesifo seprotate ungenye yeemeko zokuhlolwa kwe-PSA kunokukunceda ukuxilonga. Nangona i-PSA ephakamileyo inokuthi iphakamise ukulimala, uvavanyo lodwa alukwazi ukunika ukuxilongwa. Kule nto, ezinye iimvavanyo zesebe kunye nokuvavanywa kuya kufuneka.
Izizathu ezingezona umdlavuza zePSA ePhakamileyo
Uvavanyo lwe-PSA lwaluvunywe okokuqala yi-US Food and Drug Administration ngo-1986 ukujonga ukuqhubela phambili komhlaza wesibeletho kumadoda afunyanwe nesifo. Ngo-1994, kwacaca ukuba uvavanyo lwaluxabiseke kakhulu ekufumaneni ukuvuvukala kwe-prostatic kwamanye amadoda angabonakali ngampawu.
Ngoxa ngokucacileyo umdlavuza weprotate ngowona nto igxininiso lokukhathazeka, ezinye iimeko ezingekho komhlaza zingenza ukuba iPSA iphakame. Okuqhelekileyo kwezi zi-prostatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-prostate gland).
Enyanisweni, kubangelwa iimeko eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zeprotate kumadoda angaphantsi kwama-50 kwaye zinokuthatha iifom ezininzi:
- I-bacterial prostatitis enomdla, kaninzi ibangelwa xa iibhaktheriya zivukela kwi-urinary tract kwi-prostate gland
- I-bacterial prostatitis engapheliyo, ebonakalisa ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo
- I-prostatitis engapheliyo engapheliyo, apho kukho iimpawu kodwa akukho nto eyaziwayo
- Isifo esingapheliyo se-prostatitis, apho ukuvuvukala kubakho kodwa kungekho zibonakaliso
Enye imbangela yamanqanaba ephakamileyo e-PSA yi- benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) , imeko apho i-gland ngokwayo ikhulisa. I-BPH ibonakala ngokubonakalayo kumadoda amadala kwaye inokubangela ukuba kungabonakali kakuhle iimpawu zokuvumba, kuquka ukukhubazeka kokuhamba kwamanzi. Nangona kungacaciswanga ngokupheleleyo oko kubangela i-BPH, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kuhlobene nokutshintshwa kwamahomoni wesondo njengoko amadoda ekhula.
I-BPH ayinomdla okanye ayikho umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuxilonga nokunyanga njengoko kunokubangela iingxaki ezinjengezonyango zomgudu (i-UTIs) , amatye e-bladder, umonakalo we-bladder, kunye nomonakalo wezintso.
Ukufumanisa umdlavuza weProstate
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, oogqirha babecinga ii-PSA amanqanaba ezi-4.0 okanye ngaphantsi ukuba zibe ziqhelekileyo. Ukuba amanqanaba angaphezu kwe-4.0, oogqirha babenokucinga ukuba ukuba iiflegi ebomvu kumhlaza kwaye ngokukhawuleza umyalelo we- biopsy .
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kunjalo, oogqirha baye baqonda ukuba akukho "uqobo" lwePSA value. Enyanisweni, amadoda aphantsi kwe-PSA angagqiba ekubeni nomhlaza, ngelixa abo abane-PSA abangaphezulu kwe-4.0 bebengabikho mhlaza.
Ngaloo ndlela, izikhokelo zamanje ziphakamisa ukusetyenziswa kokubili kwe-PSA kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal (DRE) njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa komhlaza wesibeletho ngokuzithandela.
I-DRE yimeko yokuhlolwa ngokomzimba apho iminwe ifakwe kwi-rectum ukuvavanya ubukhulu kunye nokuvumelana kwegland. Kuyenziwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba yixabiso lePSA kwaye lunokuba luncedo ekufumaneni nayiphi na into engaqhelekanga ayifumanwanga nguvavanyo lwe-PSA.
Uvavanyo lwe-PSA kunye ne-DRE banconywa kumadoda angaphezu kwama-50 kunye nalabo baphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 no-49 umntakwabo okanye uyise onomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zeemvavanyo, oku kulandelayo kuya kwenzeka:
- Ukuba i-PSA ayinakuphakanyiswa kwaye i-DRE iyinto eqhelekileyo, ugqirha unokuncoma omnye ukuhlolwa kwonyaka.
- Ukuba i-PSA iphakanyisiwe kodwa akukho zibonakaliso okanye ukungavumelekanga, ugqirha unokuncoma enye uvavanyo lwe-PSA ukuqinisekisa iziphumo. Ukuba kusekuphakamileyo, ugqirha mhlawumbi ufuna ukubeka iliso kwimeko rhoqo ngokukhawuleza ukuba abukele nayiphi na inguqu.
- Ukuba i-PSA iphakamileyo kwaye kukho isalathisi esinokukrokra, ugqirha unokuncoma iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo kuquka ukuhlolwa komchamo (ukuvavanya i-UTI), ii-X-rays, i- ultrasound , okanye i- cystoscopy . Ukuba umkhankaso we-prostate uyangqatshulwa, i-biopsy iya kucetyiswa.
> Imithombo:
> I-National Cancer Institute: iiNational Institutes of Health. Uvavanyo lwe-Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). " EBethesda, eMaryn; hlaziywa ngoOkthobha 4, 2017.
> Pinsky, P .; Prorok, P .; kunye neKramer, B. "Ukuhlaziya i-prostate Cancer Ukujonga - Ingqiqo kwiNdawo yangoku yeBu bungqina." N Eng J Med. 2017; 376: 1285-89. INGXELO: 10.1056 / NEJMsb1616281.