I-Melanoma, uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomhlaza wesikhumba, lukhula kwiiseli (melanocytes) ezivelisa i- melanin - i-pigment enika isikhumba sakho umbala. I-Melanoma ingenza kwakhona emehlweni akho kwaye, ngokungafaneki, kwizitho zangaphakathi, ezifana namathumbu akho.
Isizathu esona saso sonke se-melanomas asicaci, kodwa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) emisebeni yelanga okanye izibani zethusi kunye neebhedi zandisa ingozi yokuvelisa i-melanoma.
Ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwakho kwimibala ye-UV kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-melanoma.
Umngcipheko we-melanoma ubonakala unyuka kubantu abangaphantsi kwe-40, ingakumbi abasetyhini. Ukwazi impawu zokwazisa ngomhlaza wesikhumba kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lomhlaza luyafumaneka kwaye luphathwa phambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke.
I-Melanoma yiyona nto yesibhozo esinezona zixhaphakileyo e-United States kwaye iziganeko zayo ziyaqhubeka zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunokuba nayiphi na enye umdlavuza womntu. Ngama-1930, izinga lokusinda kwe-melanoma laliphantsi, kodwa ngoku ama-5 kunye neminyaka eyi-10 yokusinda kwamazinga angaphezulu kwama-80 ekhulwini.
Iimpawu zeMelanoma
I-Melanomas iyakhula naphi na emzimbeni wakho. Zivame ukukhula kwiindawo eziye zazingena ilanga, ezifana nomqolo wakho, imilenze, iingalo kunye nobuso. I-Melanomas iyakwenzeka nakwiindawo ezingenakufumana ukukhanya kwelanga, ezifana nezisitya seenyawo zakho, iintende zezandla zakho kunye nemibhede yezinyosi. Ezi zifihliweyo ze-melanomas ziqheleke kakhulu kubantu abanomphunga omnyama.
Iimpawu zokuqala ze-melanoma kunye neempawu zisoloko zi:
- Utshintsho kwi-mole ekhoyo
- Ukuphuhliswa kokukhula okubonakalayo kwintsholongwane okanye okungaqhelekanga kwesikhumba
I-Melanoma ayisoloko iqala njenge-mole. Iyakwenzeka kwakhona kwesikhumba esivamile.
Iintlobo zeMelanoma
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-melanoma eneempawu ezicacileyo kunye nezakhono ezikhoyo ze-metastasis:
Lentigo Maligna
Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma lufumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo entloko nasentanyeni yommandla. Iqala njengenkqantosi encinci, ebonakalayo enemibala enemizila engafaniyo kunye nemibala eyahlukileyo kulo lonke ulonda. Emva kwexesha isiqwenga siba sikhulu kwaye sigcina i-asymmetry yayo, imida engavumelekanga, kunye nembala eyahluka. Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma lungahlala lucwecwe kwaye lugcinwe kwi-epidermis ngeenyanga ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa ngezinye iindawo ziya kungenelela kumanqanaba athile enqabileyo, ukwandisa amathuba okufumana i-metastases.
Ukusasazwa ngokusesikweni
Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma lufumaneka ngokubanzi kwi-trunk, iingalo ezingaphezulu kunye namathanga, kwaye yindlela eqhelekileyo ye-melanoma emidlalweni emhlophe. Iqala i- macule encinci ye-pigmented e-asymmetric, inemida engavumelekanga, kwaye ineembala ezahlukileyo. Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma luhlala kwisigaba esicathulule ixesha elincinci kunexesha le-lentigo maligna phambi kokuba lingene kumanqanaba athile kolukhuni.
Nodular
Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma luyakwenzeka kunoma yiphina indawo yolusu kodwa lufumaneka ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-trunk, iingalo ezingaphezulu kunye namathanga. Uhlobo lwe-melular luyinkqutyana encinane kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba lube ne-nodule ephakanyisiweyo kwaye lingene kumanqanaba angaphezulu kwesikhumba.
Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma lunokuthi lube nesilonda kwaye lubonakale njengesilonda sesilwanyana esingaphili.
Acral-Lentiginous
Olu hlobo lwe-melanoma lufumaneka ngokubanzi kwizandla, iinyawo kunye nemibhede yezipikili. Kubonakala kuzo zonke iintlanga kodwa zihlala zifumaneka kwiintlanga ezimnyama. Kufana ne-lentigo maligna kunye nohlobo olusasazekayo kwinto yokuba lunesigaba esiphezulu esicacileyo ngaphambi kokungena kumanqanaba angaphezulu kwesikhumba.