Sibanzi
Ugqirha ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuba asebenze kwizigulane ezidinga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlinzwa. Ugqirha lubandakanya ukwenza i-incision emzimbeni wesigulane nokulungisa okanye ukususa inxalenye yangaphakathi yomzimba, kwaye uvale ukukhangela ukufumana ukuphucula. Abanye oogqirha bazikhethela kunye noqeqesho olunxulumene nohlobo oluthile lotyando, ngelixa abanye oogqirha, ababizwa ngokuthi "abagqirha abaqhelekileyo" babanzi ngokubanzi kodwa bengenzi iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zokuhlinzwa ezifana nobuchopho okanye intliziyo.
Uqeqesho kunye neMfundo kufuneka ukuba nguDokotela oPhezulu
Udokotela ogqirha, njengabanye oogqirha, kufuneka kuqala agcwalise i-graduate, okanye i-degree-bachelor degree, ngaphambi kokuya esikolweni sezokwelapha ukugqiba ugqirha lwezobisi (MD) okanye ugqirha lwezokwelapha ze-osteopathic. (DO) Ukufumana iiprogram zezobugqwesileyo kunye nezobugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo yinkqubo yesibhozo seminyaka ngaphandle kokuba umntu athathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yesikolo esiphantsi kunye neyezonyango eziqhelekileyo malunga neyesithandathu okanye iminyaka ezisixhenxe endaweni yesibhozo.
Emva kwesikolo, ugqirha ozayo uya kwiprogram yokuhlala yokuhlinzwa eyenza iminyaka emi-5. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala ezibandakanya ukuhlinzwa ngokubanzi, ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo (amathambo, amaqhina, iintambo), i-neurosurgery (ubuchopho, intambo yomthambo) kunye nokunye. Ukuba ugqirha onqwenela ukuqhubela phambili kwi-intlobo ethile yokuhlinzwa, ugqirha unokuya eminye iminyaka yokuqeqesha, ebizwa ngokuba yiintlangano, apho aya kufunda ezinye iinkqubo kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nenxalenye ethile yomzimba, okanye ufunde kakhulu izakhono zokugqirha ezenziwa ngabagqirha abangaphezulu.
Umyinge weveki yomSebenzi kunye nomthwalo wokuSebenza
Iingcali zivame ukusebenza ezine kunye nesiqingatha kwiintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki rhoqo, kunye naliphi na ixesha ekufuneka lifowunelwe kwiimeko ezikhawulezayo okanye kwiimeko eziphuthumayo. Njengemisebenzi yamagqirha amaninzi, ukuba ugqirha ungaphezu kweeyure ezingama-40 ngeveki umsebenzi. Uninzi lwagqirha lisebenza ngama-50-60 iiyure ngeveki, kubandakanywa nexesha lokufowunela, imisebenzi yezolawulo kunye nezinye iimbopheleleko.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha baya kuba neentsuku ezi-3 bavalelwe ukuhlinzwa kunye neentsuku ezi-2 ezinikezelwe kwii-ofisi zee-aphoyintimenti zokulandelelana okanye ukubonisana kwangaphambili.
Umthwalo umthwalo ungahluka, ngokusekelwe kumhlobo kunye nobunzima bezonyango ezenziwayo, kwaye unakho na ukusukela kuma-150 ngonyaka ukuya kwi-500 okanye ngaphezulu. Umyinge uphando malunga no-300-400 ngonyaka.
Ukongeza kwithuba elichithwe ekusebenziseni izigulane, ukudibana nabo, kunye nokubonisana nabanye oogqirha, oogqirha kufuneka bachithe ixesha kwiimeko zolawulo ezifana nokuchazela amanqaku enkqubela kwiirekhodi zesigulane. Kwakhona, ngelixa abanye oogqirha beqeshwe zizibhedlele, abaninzi abagqirha abanamnini okanye abanamalungelo abo ngokwabo, ngoko kufuneka bancedise ekulawuleni imicimbi yezoshishino ngokunjalo.
IsiCwangciso seKhono sifuna
Njengogqirha abaninzi, oogqirha kufuneka babe nolwazi kwiinkalo, isayensi, i-biology, i-anatomy kunye ne-physiology. Ukongezelela, oogqirha kufuneka babe noxakeko olugqithisileyo kunye nokuphathwa kwamehlo. Ugqirha kufuneka ukhululeke ukusebenza phantsi kwengcinezelo enzulu, ukwenza inkqubo ephezulu yokubeka ingozi kunye nokusingatha ubomi okanye imeko zokufa. Ukuqwalasela iinkcukacha kubaluleke kakhulu kubagqirha, njengokuba iimpazamo zingabhubhisa kwigumbi lokuqhuba.
Iindlela zokuPhepha
Ukuhlinzwa okwenziwa nge-Laparoscopic, eyaziwa ngokuba nguvulindlela ongenawo umonakalo oyingcipheko, yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo ezisetyenziswa ngabagqirha.
I-Laparoscopy uhlobo lotyando olunciphisa umngcipheko kunye nokusila kwesigulane ngezinto ezincinane kunye nokukhathazeka komzimba. Ngethuba lokuhlinzwa okwenziwa nge-laparoscopic, isixhobo esincinci sokucoca esinomkhamera omncinci sifakwe kwisiguli somzimba. Iiprojekthi zekhamera ziphakamisa imifanekiso kwisikrini sevidiyo ukwenzela ukuba ugqirha unakho ukuqhuba izixhobo zokuvuthwa ngaphandle komzimba wesigulane, ukuphelisa imfuneko yokubakho okukhulu okuvulekileyo, kwaye ixesha lokubuyisela lifutshane.
Ukusetyenziswa koomatshini be-robotic ekutyunjeni kuyindlela ekhulayo, esebenzisa izitshini ezizenzekelayo ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuchaneka kwiindawo ezibucayi okanye izinto ezinzima.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-robotics kuya kudla ngokugqithiseleyo ikakhulukazi phakathi kweenkqubo ezinkulu zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezinokukwazi ukuthenga ixabiso elingu-million dollar.
Indawo yokuSebenza
Abagqirha basebenzisa isigxina okanye ngaphezulu kwexesha labo emsebenzini eklasini yokusebenza (OR), mhlawumbi kwisibhedlele okanye kwisikhungo sokuhlinzwa esikhatywayo. Ixesha elingelona uphezulu lisebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwisikhundla seofisi, apho oogqirha baya kudibana nesigulane ngenxa yokutyelela isigulane nesigulana nesigxina. Ezi tyelelo ziquka ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwesigulane ukuvavanya ingxaki, kwaye ulawule nayiphi na imilinganiselo efunekayo okanye iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa umbandela kunye nesicwangciso sonyango esihle. Emva kokuhlinzwa, ugqirha ugqithana nesigulane kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphando luphumelele, luchaze unyango oluthile njengoko lufunekayo , kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ukuphulukana kwesigulane kulandelelwano.
Iintlobo zabagqirha kunye noMyinge weMbuyekezo
Ukulandela imimiselo embalwa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zabagqirha, inani leminyaka yoqeqesho olufunekayo emva kwesikolo sezonyango, kunye nembuyekezo yeminyaka yonyaka esekelwe kwidatha yakutshanje.
- Abagqirha abaPhezulu : (5 iminyaka yobuhlali, akukho buhlobo obufunekayo) Yenza i- appendectomies , i-hernia ukuhlinzwa, kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuhlinzwa, kubandakanya isibindi, isantya, isisu, kunye nentloko, intamo, isifuba, ngaphandle kweentliziyo. Abagqirha abaqhelekileyo banokugqiba ekubeni bathethe ngokukhethekileyo kwezinye iindidi zokuhlinzwa ngokugqiba ukuqeqeshwa kobudlelwane ekusebenziseni i-vascular (operation on veins and arteries), ukuhlinzwa ngethambo, ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo (ukuhlinzwa kwentliziyo), ukuhlinzwa ngonyango, ukuhlinzwa kwabantwana kunye nokunye. Umyinge weMbuyekezo: i-$ 402,409, ngokwe-MGMA yeMbuyekezo yeMpilo kunye noPhando lweeMveliso, ukushicilelwa ngo-2013 ngokusekelwe kwimbuyekezo ye-2012.
- Oogqirha bama-orthopedic: (5 iminyaka yokuqeqeshwa kwamathambo okuhlala oogqirha) Amagqirha oo-Orthopedic agxininise ekutyunjweni kwamalungu, amathambo, iintambo kunye nezihlunu. Oku kubandakanya i-arthroscopy, ukutshintshwa ngokubambisana okanye ukuvuselelwa, amathambo emfuyo, esebenza ngamathambo aphukileyo okanye aphuhliweyo kunye nokunye. Ukuze uphuculwe ngakumbi, oogqirha bamazinyo bangakhetha ubudlelwane kwizonyango zemidlalo, ukuhlinzwa ngonyawo, unyawo kunye nokuhlinzwa okwenziwe ngamagqabi, ukuhlinzwa kwamagxa kunye nabanye. Umyinge wembuyekezo: i-586,311 yee-odokotela abavuthwa ngamathambo ngo-2012, ngokusekelwe kwi-Survey ye-MGMA yeMbuyekezo kunye ne-Survey.
- Ama-Neurosurgeons : (5 iminyaka yoqeqesho lokuhlala nge-neurosurgery) Ama-neurosurgeons agxininise ekusebenziseni ubuchopho kunye nokuhlinzwa komgudu. Zizona zihlawulelwayo eziphezulu kunazo zonke abagqirha, abanemali engenako ukufikelela ephakamileyo njengama-800,000-1,000,000 ngonyaka. Umyinge wembuyekezo yonyaka: i-765,321 i-$ ngokwemvavanyo ye-MGMA ka-2013 yomvuzo ka-2012.
- Abagqirha beeplastiki: (iminyaka emithathu yokuhlala ngokuqhekeza, kunye neminyaka engama-2-3 yoqeqesho lwamaziko epulasitiki). Abaphandi bePlastiki baziwa ngeenkqubo zabo zokuzicoca ezifana ne-liposuction, ukunyuka kwebele, ukunyuka kwezinto kunye nokunye. Abagqirha beeplastiki basebenza kunye namaxhoba ezingozi okanye bavutha ukuvuselela indawo ezonakalisiweyo. Ngenxa yokuba uphando oluninzi olwenziwa ngabagqirha beeplastiki luyi-operesheni ekhethekileyo yeenjongo zokuzicoca, izigulane zeplastiki ziyakwazi ukufumana ngaphezulu kwezinye iindidi zamagqirha athando kwenkampani zomshuwalense. Abagqirha beeplastiki bafumana intlawulo ngokupheleleyo ngokukhawuleza kwizigulane zabo, ngokuchasene nokulinda ukuhlolwa kwe-inshorensi ukufika. Umvuzo wembuyekezo: $ 520,077