Ukhumbule xa ububhinqa befungo bobugqwetha? Kubonakala ngathi nje izolo xa uJonas Brothers, uJessica Simpson kunye noMiley Cyrus behlanjululwa yimigodi ye-paparazzi yemidlalo.
Ixesha elaneleyo liye ladlula ukuba libuze ukuba ubuntombi obuthatywayo buyathetha ukusebenza. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwindlela yokujonga unyango, ngoku sinokuqaphela ingqiqo yemfundo ekhuselweyo ngemali eyayixhaswa ngemali.
Izibhambathiso ezichaziweyo
Ukubhalwa kwintetho ethi, I-Pediatrics, umlobi uDkt. Janet Elise Rosenbaum uthi, "Ukuzithemba ngokwesondo okanye 'ubuntombi' isithembiso esibhaliweyo okanye esibhaliweyo sokuyeka ukwenza umsebenzi wesondo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukude umtshato, ulawulwa emva kwekharityhulam yeqela okanye enye. kumaqela olutsha olunqulo, kwizikolo eziphakathi kunye nezikarhulumente, okanye iindibano ezinkulu zeqela. "
Ukujonga emva, ububungqina bokuba ubuntombi bezingqungquthela zamaqela evangeli kunye nokwenza okokuqala ngqa ngo-1993. Ngeli xesha, amaqela amaninzi amaProtestanti namaKatolika ayamkela izibophelelo ezinjalo aze azenzele zona. Nangona amanye amantombazana athathe le mibathiso, izibhambiso zokuzilahla zazikhokelela kwiintombazana eziselula kunye kunye nootata abathintekayo (cinga i-Purture Balls). Ngo-1995, iqikelelo elingama-13 ekhulwini labantwana baseMelika bebhengeze ukuthabatha izithembiso zobuntombi.
Uninzi malunga nokubambiswa kwentombi kubambene nemfundo yokuziyeka.
Ngamanye amazwi, abaququzeleli kwiinkqubo zokuzilahla kuphela bafundisa ukuba kuphela indlela yokuphepha ukukhulelwa okanye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) ngaphambi komtshato kukuphepha ukulala ngaphambi komtshato. Njengoko uninzi lwethu luyazi, ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo kunye nezifo ezithathelwana ngesondo zingaphephelwa ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngamakhondom.
Uphando ngeeNtsholongwane
Uphando malunga neentombi zobuntombi kunye nokuziyeka-imfundo kuphela yohluka ngokukodwa, kodwa ngokubanzi kubonakala ukuba ukungenelela okunjalo akusebenzi-ubuncinane kungekho ngendlela ethemba ngayo.
Iziphumo ezivela kwizifundo eziphezulu kunye nobude besikhathi eside (amaninzi abathathi-nxaxheba ahlolisise iminyaka emihlanu emva kokumisela ukuzithiba ngaphambi komtshato) ogunyaziswe yiRosenbaum kwaye iphrintiwe kwi- Pediatrics ibonisa oku kulandelayo:
- Bobabini ababambe iqhaza kunye nabangewona amanyathelo ababandakanyeka ngokulinganayo kwisini ngaphambi komtshato, isondo sangasese, kunye nesondo somlomo
- Ababambiseneyo bahluke kwii-non-oath members not in number of lifetime sex partners okanye yobudala bamava olwabelana ngesondo
- Abambalwa ababambisene nabangenawo amanyathelo abasebenzisa ulawulo lokuzalwa kunye neikhondom
- Nangona bobabini ababambisene nabo kunye nabangenalo iimbopheleleko babengenakukwazi ukuphuhlisa i-gonorrhea xa kuthelekiswa noluntu jikelele olutsha lwase-US, bobabini ababambisene nabo kunye nabangenalo iimbopheleleko babenokwenzeka ngokufanayo ukuhlakulela i- chlamydia kunye ne-trichomoniasis njengabantu ngabanye kwindawo
- Amaphesenti angama-82 abantu abathandana nabo abazange baphikise ngaphambili
Inqaku, kulolu cwaningo, abaxhasi kunye nabangewona ababambisene nabo bafaniswe ngokukhawuleza ngokusemandleni ngokusetyenziswa kwemilinganiselo yepro-abstinence program. Ukongezelela, iRosenbaum iphakamisa ukuba isizathu sokuba abantu abasebenzisa i-contraceptive abancinci kunye neikhondom mhlawumbi zibandakanyeka nesimo esithathwe yienkqubo zokuziyeka ukuphela kwazo ezinqanda ukungenelela okunjalo.
Iziphumo ezivela kwelinye uphando olude okanye olude olupapashwe kwi- Journal of Adolescent Health lucacisa ukuba nangona abantu ababandakanyekayo (xa kuthelekiswa nabangewona abafungiweyo) ukutshintshana kobudlelwane bezesondo emva koko kwaye banokungabikho kancinci ngokwesondo kwiimeko ezihambelanayo, akukho nto yayingekho umahluko kwi-HIV amazinga athatywayo phakathi kwala maqela amabini.
Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba nangona iiprogram zokubambisa ukuzinqanda kuphela kunokulibaziseka iminyaka yobulili bokuqala kwabanye, ukusuka kwimeko ye-epidemiology, le ntlawulo ibalwa ngokusetyenziswa okuncinci okanye ukwazisa iindlela zokukhusela phakathi kwabafundi. Ngamanye amagama, nangona umntu efuna ukuthatha isibhambathiso, xa athe walala ngesondo, le ndoda ingenakukhuseleka.
Ngethamsanqa, siphila kwilizwe apho ilungelo lomntu ukuba athathe ubuntombi bentombi kwaye anike ingubo yokucoceka. Nangona kunjalo, ezininzi zezi nkqubo zokuziyeka ukuzifumana kuphela zixhaswa ngemali nguRhulumente waseburhulumenteni. Enyanisweni, kwimizuzu emibini edlulileyo, amakhulu amakhulu ezigidi zeedola ziye zathululelwa kwiinkqubo zokuzilahla kuphela ezenza iinkqubo thina, njengabahlawuli berhafu, sifake imali. Ngethuba lolawulo luka-Obama, imali ichithelelwe kule nkqubo ngenxa yezizathu ezingacacileyo. Ukongezelela, ngokweminye imithombo, urhulumente uhluleka ukubeka iliso ukuba ngaba ezi mpu melelo zijolise ngakumbi kwinkqubo yobalo lwabantu okanye ukubandakanyeka kwamanani.
Okukwintsusa
Ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo iyingxenye ehlawulwa yimali yethu, ezi nkqubo zifanele ziphendule kwimilinganiselo yokubambisana ezuzisa uluntu kunye nokuthobela iingcebiso zabaphandi, amagqirha kunye namagosa ezempilo karhulumente e-United States. Ngokukodwa, njengendlela yokulawula ukuzalwa nokukhuselwa kwezifo kwaye xa zisetyenziswe kakuhle, iikhondom zisebenza. Iingqinisiso zokungcola kunye neenkqubo zokuzilahla kuphela kufuneka zilawulwe kumxholo obona ukubaluleka kwesondo esifanelekileyo. Okwangoku, iinkqubo zokuziyeka ukuzimela kuphela zivuma ukungabikho kuzo zonke iindleko kwaye zikhanyela ukusetyenziswa kogonyo olukhuselekileyo-isimo esingenakuziphendulela.
> Imithombo ekhethiweyo
> "Emva kwesithembiso: Imiphumo yesifo se-STD yobuntombi obusakhulayo" ithetha ngoHr. Brűckner noP. Bearman epapashwe kwi- Journal of Health Adolescent Health ngo-2005.
> "Abaselula Abathintekayo? Ukuthelekiswa kweZenzo zoSondo zoBugqirha kunye nabaHlanganisiweyo abangaHlanganisiweyo" nguJ JE Rosenbaum epapashwe kwi- Pediatrics ngo-2008.