I-Sphincters zikhethekileyo, imisipha yeesetyhula evulekileyo kwaye ivale ezinye iinxalenye zomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isenzo se-sphincter kukulawula umhlathi woluhlobo oluthile lwamanzi, njenge-bile, umchamo okanye i-fecal.
Isenzo se-sphincters sinokuthi senzeke ngokungathintekiyo kwi-system ye-neon autonomic okanye ingaba phantsi kolawulo oluthile ngokuzithandela ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-nervous system.
Ukuba i-sphincter ilahlekelwa ithoni ye-muscle okanye ithoni eninzi kakhulu (i-spasticity), iimpawu kunye / okanye ukugula kunokulandela, njengokugcinwa kwe-urinary kunye ne-bladder ne- incecinence .
Inkqubo yeSigestive Sphincters
I-Esperhageal Sphincter
I- sphincter ephezulu ye-esophageal (UES), eyaziwayo njenge-inferior pharyngeal sphincter, ingafumaneka ekupheleni kwe-pharanx, apho ikhusela ukungena kwendawo. I-UES ayikwazi ukukhusela umoya ukuba ungene kwindawo yokuphefumula xa siphefumula kwaye sithintela ukutya ekufuneni kwiimaphepheni zethu zokuphefumula. I-Becauese yendawo yayo, i-UES nayo idlala indima ekugqibeleni nasekuhlanza. Ukungasebenzi kakubi kwe-UES, njengenxalenye yesifo se-reflux yesifo se-gastroesophageal (GERD) kunokubangela ukuba i-acid ibuyele emqaleni okanye e-airways.
I-Lower Esophageal Sphincter
I -infopergeal sphincter (LES), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sphincter ye-cardiac, ifumaneka ngaphantsi kwesigxina apho ihlangana khona nesisu.
Imisebenzi yayo eyintloko kukuba ukuvumela ukutya kudlule kwisisu ukuya kwisisu, ukuvumela umoya ukuba uphumeke esiswini xa ugubha, kwaye ukhusela isisu esiswini ekuhlambuleni ukuya kwi-esophagus. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-LES ngenye yezizathu ezibalulekileyo ze-GERD.
Pyloric Sphincter
I-sphincter ye-pyloric ifumaneka phakathi kwesisu kunye ne-duodenum, eyona nxalenye yokuqala yesisu esincinci .
I-sphincter ye-pyloric ivula ukuvumela ukutya okucatshulwa ngokukodwa (chyme) ukuba idlule ukusuka esiswini ukuya kwi-duodenum ukwenzela ukugaya kunye nokuxutywa kwezondlo kumzimba.
Sphincter Oddi
I-Sphincter ye-Oddi (SO) ifumaneka apho i-buct ye-bony ejwayelekile kunye ne-pancreatic disk ixhuma kwi-duodenum. I-SO ivule emva kokuba sidlile ukuze sivumele i-bile kwi-gallbladder, kunye ne-enzyme ezivela kwi-pancreas, ukungena kwi-duodenum ukwenzela ukuphula izixhobo zokutya ukuze zithathwe emzimbeni. I-Sphincter ye-Oddi i-dysfunction (SOD), ingxaki engathandekiyo yempilo, eyona nto ingabangela iintlungu zesifo kwindawo yesifuba.
Ileocecal Sphincter
I-ileocecal sphincter ifumaneka apho intlungu encinci kunye ne- instestine enkulu . Ayikho into eyaziwayo malunga nale sphincter, ngaphandle kokuba kucatshangelwa ukuba ikhuphe i-chyme ekupheleni kwesisu esincinci, (ileum) kwisibilini esikhulu. I-ileocecal sphincter inokudlala indima ekukhuseleni amabhaktheriya avela emathunjini amakhulu ukuba aqokelele emathunjini amancinci, imeko yempilo eyaziwa ngokuba yintsholongwane yebhaktile .
Analysis Sphincter
I- sphincter yesalathisi ifumaneka ekupheleni kwe-rectum, ngoko ke ekupheleni kwendlela yokugaya.
I-sphinter edala ilawula inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwesitulo. Inayo inxalenye engaphakathi nangaphandle. I-sphincter yangaphakathi iphantsi kokulawulwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo (kwaye oko kukuvimbela isitofu ukuba singaphumi), ngelixa i-sphincter yangaphandle ilawulwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokulawula ngokuzithandela, ngaloo ndlela ivumela ukunyakaza kwebilini. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-sphincter yesifo kunokudala ukuvuza kwe-stool, imeko yezempilo eyaziwa ngokuba yi- fecal incontinence .
Ezinye iiSphincters
Urethral sphincter: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sphincter urethrae, le sphincter ilawula ukubamba nokukhupha umchamo. Njenga-sphincter yesilwanyana, i-sphincter yesiqhelo isineemisipha zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, ezilandelana ngokukodwa ngokulawulwa kokuzibandakanya kunye nokuzithandela.
Iris sphincter: Yaziwa nangokuthi i-pupillary sphincter okanye i-sphincter pupillae. Le sphincter ilawula ukuvalwa komfundi kwiso.
Umthombo:
IMinocha, A. & Adamec, C. (2011) I-Encyclopedia ye-Digestive System kunye ne-Digestive Disorders (2nd Ed.) ENew York: Iinkcukacha kwiFayile.
"Upper Esophageal Sphincter" I- Motor Operation ye-Pharynx, i-Esophagus, kunye ne-Sphincters. Inkcazo yeNgxelo kwi-PubMed.