Izinketho zangoku kunye neendlela ezinokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo
Izinketho zoLawulo lokuzalwa koMntu:
Okwangoku, (ngaphandle kokuziyeka nokukhutshwa ), kukho ezimbini kuphela ezikhoyo zokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwabantu - iikhondom kunye ne- vasectomy . Zomibini zezi ndlela zokulawula ukuzalwa , ke, zinikeza abantu izigqibo ezahlukeneyo.
- Iikhondom: zininzi iintlobo zeikhondom zokukhetha. Ngaphandle kobukhulu obuhlukeneyo , imilo, kunye nemifanekiso, unokukhetha iikhondom ezenziwe kwi- latex , i- polyurethane , i- polyisoprene kunye ne- lambskin
- I-Vasectomy: olu khetho ngonaphakade lokulawulwa kwamadoda. Unokukhetha phakathi kwe-vasectomy yendabuko okanye akukho-scalpel (keyhole) vasectomy . Zombini ezi zinto zilula kwaye zinempumelelo.
Kuthiwani Ngokubhekiselele koMbane wokuLawula uLowo?
Ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kwindoda kuye kwabonisa iziphumo ezithembisayo kakhulu kwiminyaka emashumi. I-RISUG (Ukuguqulwa okuVikelekileyo kweSermon phantsi kwesiKhokelo) ngumjovo owenzelwa kuphela ngezilingo zekliniki e-Indiya. Izifundo zonyango zamanje zibonisa ukuba lo myalelo wesibalo sokuzala owenziwe ngabantu uboniswe ukuba u-99% osebenzayo-oku kulinganayo nezinga leendlela zokulawula ukuzalwa kwe-hormonal . Ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kwindoda akuyiyo-hormonal, iyangena encinci, iyabuyiselwa, kwaye inokuhlala iminyaka eyi-8-10. Kufana nokuba ne-vasectomy-ngaphandle kwesigxina esingunaphakade. EUnited States, ijoyi ebizwa ngeVasggel (efana ne-RISUG) yindlela yokulawula ukuzalwa komntwana ngaphandle kokuvavanywa kwezonyango kwaye isondele kakhulu ukuba ibe ngowokuqala ukhetho olutsha lwe-US oluthengiswa ngamadoda.
I-Vaselgel okwangoku ihlolwa izilingo zezilwanyana kunye nezokhuseleko, kodwa izilingo zezonyango zabantu azikaqalanga.
Umsebenzi wokuThuthukiswa koMntwana woLwazi lokuKhulelwa koMntwana?
Emva kokufumana i-anesthetic yendawo, ukulawulwa kokuzalwa kwesilisa kudonsa i-polym non-toxic (eyaziwa ngokuthi nguVasalgel) kwi-deferens nganye (ii-tubes zidibanisa iimvavanyo kwi-penis).
I-polymere ifakela kwiindonga zangaphakathi ze-vas deferens kwaye ihlawuliswa kakhulu. Ngoko xa isidoda esityathiswa kakubi sidlula kwi-vas deferens, iVasalgel iyitshabalalisa imisila yawo. Oku kwenza ukuba i-sperm ikwazi ukugebha ukuze ifinyelele ize ifake iqanda.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba ezi zijozo zokuzalwa kwezilwanyana zibuye zitshintshwe ngokupheleleyo - konke okufunekayo kuyilungisi elula yamanzi kunye ne-baking soda ukukhupha i-polymmer. Kwakhona akuphazamisi umveliso wesilisa. Kwakhona, ibhentshi ibonakala ingaba nemiphumo emibi.
Ngaba zikhona ezinye iindlela zokuLawulwa koMntwana ekwenzeni?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwamadoda okwangoku zihlukeneyo kwizigaba zophuhliso.
Ulwaphulo lwe-Hormonal Male: I-World Health Organization, iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles, kunye neYunivesithi yaseSydney baye baqhuba izilingo ukuba bafunde iziphumo zentsholongwane ze-testosterone ngeveki kwimveliso yesilisa. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hormone ye-steroid (ebizwa ngokuba yi-androgens) iboniswe kumlinganiselo we-sperm ophantsi ngaphandle kweenguqu kwi-libido, ukukwazi ukufumana ukulungiswa, nokuphumeza i-orgasm. Ukulawulwa kwamadoda okuzalwa kweHormon kungama-95% okusebenzayo, kunemiphumo emibini yecala, kwaye ibuyiswa kwakhona. Ingozi ebalulekileyo yale ndlela kukuba inokuthatha iinyanga ezili-3-4 ukuze iphumelele. Uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga nama-67% wabantu abavavanyelwe ukuba isibalo sabo sesidoda siphumelele kwisiqhelo kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu (kunye phantse onke amadoda afikelela kwisidoda esivamile ngaphakathi konyaka).
Olunye uphando luhlolisise ukudibanisa nokusetyenziswa kokulawula ukuzalwa ( Nexplanon ) kunye ne-testosterone ye-injano. Amadoda athola i-testosterone injections rhoqo kwiiveki ezi-4-6. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba le ndlela ye-hormonal edibeneyo yanciphisa kakhulu isibalo sesidoda. Ngaphezu koko, inani elidlulayo lobuninzi lalo lihlala lonyaka.
- I-Gendarussa: Le ipilisi yokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwamadoda engekho ye-hormonal eye inikezwe ngamalinge ekliniki e-Indonesia. Kukho uphando oluqhubekayo ukususela ngo-1985. Luvela kwisityalo saseJusticia gendarussa kwaye lubonakala lubonelela ngempumelelo indlela yokuzalwa yowesilisa (njengendlela ephumelelayo njengepilisi ). Isebenza ngokuphazamisa i-enzyme entloko yesininzi - oku kwenza buthathaka ubuchule besilisa bubangene kwiqanda. Ngelishwa, kunzima ukufumana idatha eshicilelwe kwi-Gendarussa njengento yokukhulelwa komzimba, ngoko kunzima ukuqikelela ikusasa le ndlela.
- I-Epididymal Protease Inhibitor (i-Eppin): I- Eppin Pharma Inc. izama ukuphuhlisa le pilisi engekho-hormonal yokuzalwa kwepilisi. Bathi ukuba kuyindlela efanelekileyo yokubuyisela ukuzalwa komntwana, ebuyiswayo kunye neyokufutshane. Le mithwalo yokukhulelwa komntu isebenza ngokubophelela kwiprotheyini kwintsimi yesisu - ebangela ukuba isidoda siphulukane nokuhamba kwazo. Izifundo zezilwanyana zangaphambili ziqhutywe yi-O'Rand Laboratory kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina kunye neziphumo ezithembisayo.
- Iipilisi ezicocekileyo: Le ndlela yokulawula ukuzalwa kwabafundi ngokukhawuleza ngoku, kumanyathelo okuqala okuphuhliso eLondon. Ithintela i-ejaculation kodwa ivumela ukuvakalelwa kwe-orgasm. Inkqubo yokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwamadoda nayo inokuthi yongezwa ngokunyanisekileyo ekudlulisweni kwe-HIV kunye nabantwana. Ibizwa ngokuba yiPilisi yePhethi yePhethilothi kuba ivimba umlenze ekukhutshweni. Le pilisi yokukhulelwa ithathwa iiyure ezingama-2-3 phambi kwesondo kwaye ihlala kwieyure eziyi-16-24. Ukuphuhliswa kwalolu hlobo lokukhetha ukuzalwa komntwana lungagqitywa ngenxa yemicimbi yenkxaso-mali. Uphando olungakumbi lufunekayo ngaphambi kokuba le pilisi yokulawula ukuzalwa kwamadoda iqalise uvavanyo olude lwe-FDA, uvavanyo kunye nenkqubo yokuvunywa.
Ngaba Ngaba Bade Basebenzise le Nqubo yokuLawulwa koMntwana?
Abaninzi abaninzi base-US basebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lolawulo lokuzalwa . Abasetyhini abaninzi banomuvo wokuba uxanduva lokusebenzisa ulawulo lokuzalwa luhlala lukhulu kubo. Kuya kuba kuhle ukuba amadoda anemisebenzi yokulawula ngokuzalwa. Oku kunokuba kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa uphando lolawulo lwabazali luyabiza, kwaye abaninzi abaphuhlisi bavimba imizamo yabo yokudala ukhetho olongezelelweyo lokuzalwa kwamadoda ngenxa yeendleko. Kwakhona, ukuzimisela kwabantu ukusebenzisa uhlobo olutsha lolawulo lokuzalwa kwabantu luhluka kakhulu phakathi kwamaqela abantu. Olunye uphando lwafumanisa ukuba ama-49% amadoda eUnited States aya kuba nokukulungelelanisa ukukhulelwa komntu omtsha - kodwa i-38% ibonise ukuba abazi ukuba ngaba baya kukulungele ukusebenzisa indlela entsha, kwaye i-12% bathi nga yi qwa lasela. Abagxeki bokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwamadoda bathetha ukuba bangaphi na amadoda abenqabayo kunye nokukhalaza ngokugqoka iikhondom. Bathi ukuba amadoda athe wagxothwa ngesenzo esilula sokuba kufuneka uqhube ikhondom , ke loo madoda ayenokuthi afuneke ukuba abe negalelo kwi-scrotum. Ekugqibeleni, ezinye iinketho zihlala zilungile. Kwaye amaninzi amabhinqa asenokungabi nantoni na ekugqibeleni ukuba akwazi ukukhulula umthwalo womsebenzi wokukhulelwa kwabayeni .
Imithombo:
Amory JK, Page ST, uBrmner WJ. Ukuqonda ngokuchithwa kweziyobisi: Ukuphuculwa kwangoko kwindoda yokukhulelwa kwe-hormonal. " Uhlobo lwezonyango lwe-Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006; 2: 32-41. Fumaneka 2/25/16.
UBrady DM et al. "Uphando oluninzi lweziphumo zokuphenya ngeendlela ezincinci ze-etonogestrel ezine-injection ye-testosterone ye-decanoate njenge-contraceptive engumntu omdala." Ukuzaliswa kwabantu . 2006; 21 (1): 285-294. Fumaneka 2/25/16.
Chaudhury K, Bhattacharyya AK, Guha SK. "Uphononongo olusisigxina se-membrane yesininzi somntu esaphathwa ngento entsha yokukhulelwa komzimba." Ukuzaliswa kwabantu . 2004; 19 (8): 1826-1830. Fumaneka 2/25/16.
Heinemann K et al. "Iimbono malunga nokulawulwa komntu wokuzala: iziphumo zophando lwamazwe ngamazwekazi kwilizwekazi ezine." Ukuzaliswa kwabantu . 2005; 20 (2): 549-556. Kufumaneka ngokubhalisa kwangasese.
O'Rand MG et al. "I-immunocontraception ebuyiswayo kwiinkwenkwe zesilisa ezigonywe ngo-Eppin." Sayensi , 2004; 306: 1189-1190. Kufumaneka ngokubhalisa kwangasese.