Iiklasi zamachiza ezitsha zenza ulawulo olusisigxina
Unyango lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela luye lwaguqulwa kwishumi elishumi elidlulileyo ngokusungulwa kwamachiza amatsha, iiklasi zamachiza, kunye neendlela zokwelapha. Ezi nkqubela zinika i-diabetics uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokudibanisa ezinokukwazi ukubonelela ngokulawula ukulawula kwe-glycemic kwixesha elide.
Amachiza avunyelweyo aphulwa yinkcazo yezilwanyana, ngalinye libonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza.
I-DPP-4 Inhibitors
I-Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors isebenza ngokuthintela i-enzyme ye-DPP-4 eyonakalisa i-hormone incretin. I-Incretins inceda umzimba uvelise i-insulin xa ifunekayo kwaye unciphise inani le-glucose eveliswa sisibindi xa kungadingeki. Kukho i-DPP-4 inhibitors njengamanje ivunyiwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- Januvia (sitagliptin)
- Galvus (vildagliptin)
- Onglyza (saxagliptin)
- Tradjenta (linagliptin)
- Nesina (alogliptin)
Incretin Mimetics
Njengoko ngegama labo, i-incretin mimetics isebenza ngokulinganisa intshukumo ye-incretins yokukhuthaza imveliso ye- insulin . Banciphisa izinga lokugonya ukuze i-glucose ingene ngegazi ngokuthe ngcembe.
Kukho ezintlanu ze-incretin mimetics njengamanje ezivunywe yi-FDA ezithunyelwa ngejoza kwaye zisetyenziswe kubantu abangazange bakwazi ukulawula iswekile yegazi ngemithi yomlomo:
- Byetta (exenatide)
- Victoza (liraglutide)
- Trulicity (dulaglutide)
- Tanzeum (albiglutide)
- Lyxumia (lixisenatide)
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i -agonists ye-GLP-1 ye-receptor , izidakamizwa zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nemithi yomlomo kwaye zifike kwiipenjini zokufakelwa kwi-injection. Ayikho i-insulin okanye isetyenziswe endaweni ye-insulin.
I-Sodium-Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors
I-sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SSGT-2) inhibitors iyakwazi ukunciphisa ishukela legazi ngokubangela izintso ukususa i-glucose emzimbeni ngomchamo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zezidakamizwa ezivunyiweyo ze-FDA:
- Inkani (canagliflozin)
- Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
- Jardiance (empagliflozin)
Amanalog Analogs
Ii-analogs zika-Amylin ziinguqu ze-manmade ze-hormone amylin ezisetyenziselwa i-pancreas ukunciphisa izinga lokushukela kwegazi. Ama-analogs ase-Amylin nawo ahanjiswa ngejoza kwaye asetyenziswa kunye ne-insulin yokulawula i-blood glucose. Kukho okhetho olulodwa oluvunywe ngu-FDA:
- Symlin (i-pramlintide acetate)
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas yile mithi endala kakhulu yesifo sikashukela kwaye, kude kube ngo-1995, kuphela okufumaneka ukulawula uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2. I-Sulfonylureas isebenza ngokukhuthaza ama-pancreas ukukhulula i-insulin engaphezulu kwigazi.
Kukho izizukulwana ezininzi ze-sulfonylureas; okwesibini neyesithathu yinto echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwalawo ngoku avunywe yi-FDA:
- Isizukulwana sokuqala: i-Orinase (tolbutamide), iTolinase (tolazamide) kunye ne-Diabinese (chlorpropamide)
- Isizukulwana sesibini: iGlucotrol (glipizide), iMicronase (glyburide), kunye ne-Diabeta (glyburide)
- Isizukulwana sesithathu: Amaryl (glimepiride)
Biguanides
I-Biguanides iyanciphisa inani le- glucose eveliswa sisibindi ngelixa lenza umzimba ukhululeke kwi-insulin. Kukho iifom ezimbini ezivunyiweyo ze-FDA zesilwanyana esifanayo:
- I-glucophage (metformin)
- I-Glucophage XR (i-metformin ekhululwayo)
I-Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
I-Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ilibazise ukuguqulwa kwe-carbohydrate kwi-glucose ngexesha lokutya. Oku kunceda ukulawula i-blood glucose level kunye nokukhusela ushukela ekugqithiseni kakhulu. Kukho iinketho ezimbini ezivunyiweyo yi-FDA:
- Precose (acarbose)
- Glyset (miglitol)
Thiazolidinediones
I-Thiazolidinediones ivuselela iseli kunye neeseli ezinamafutha ukuba zamukele i-insulin ngokulula. Zomibini zibandakanya iingozi ezithile zempilo ezifuna ukubonisana ngongcali ngaphambi kokuqala unyango. I-FDA ivume izidakamizwa ezimbini ze-thiazolidinedione e-US:
- Avandia (rosiglitazone)
- Actos (pioglitazone)
Ngomhla ka-Meyi 2007, i-FDA ikhuphe isilumkiso sokhuseleko malunga nomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunye nezinye iziganeko zenhliziyo xa uthatha u-Avandia. Ukuxhalabisa okufanayo kubangela ukuvalwa kweAvandia kunye neActos eFransi naseJamani.
Meglitinides
I-Meglitinides inokunceda ukuvuselela imveliso ye-insulin ukuba kukho i-glucose egazini. Ukuba isetyhu legazi liphantsi, le nkunkuma ayisebenzisekanga kakhulu. Izinketho ezivunywe ngu-FDA ziquka:
- Prandin (repaglinide)
- I-Starlix (inateglinide)
> Umthombo:
> Ulawulo lweZiko lokuTya kunye neDrug. "Amachiza eDeabetes agunyazisiweyo ka-FDA." Silver Silver, eMaryland.