Ingqwalaselo yeeNqununu ezisixhenxe kunye nokuHlanganiswa koBungqina
Nantsi enye inkcazelo ukufunda indlela iinkqubo zeengqondo zezingane ezichaphazela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Abafundi bezonyango abaqeqeshiweyo baqeqeshelwa ukuba baqonde indlela iinkqubo zeengqondo zezingane ezichaphazela ngayo amandla abo okuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla nemisebenzi, eyaziwa ngokuba "imisebenzi". Eminye imimandla ingaquka imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengesihlandlo sokutya, ucoceko, ukugqoka, ukudlala, ukuhlalisana, ukufunda okanye ukulala.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba sinengqiqo ngakumbi kunezinto "ezinhlanu" zokubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, ukunambitha nokuchukumisa? Ezi ntsuku zintlanu zisitshela malunga naluphi uhlobo lweemvakalelo ezivela ngaphandle komzimba. Kodwa kuthekani ngemvakalelo evela emzimbeni?
Kukho ezimbini " ezifihlakeleyo " iingqondo ezenza negalelo elikhulu ekubeni sikwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla. Ezi zibandakanya umqondo wethu wokulinganisela kunye nenkqubela (inkqubo ye "vestibular") kunye nomqondo wethu wokuqwashisa umzimba (inkqubo "yokuziphatha").
Ngokubambisana, zonke ezisixhenxe zezi ntliziyo zenza ukuba umntwana akwazi ukwenza inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Basinika ulwazi malunga nendlela umzimba wethu uhamba ngayo noko kwenzeka ntoni kwihlabathi elikujikelezayo.
Xa sithatha ulwazi olusisiseko phakathi kwemizimba yethu nakwimeko yethu, inkqubo yethu yeentlaba (ingqondo kunye nomgudu womgogodla) ithatha umsebenzi wokukhawuleza ukulungelelanisa yonke ingongoma engqondweni.
Ingqondo iyakwazi ukuthumela iimpawu kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zomzimba ukuze kusebenze iimoto ezifanelekileyo, ukuziphatha, okanye iimpendulo zemizwelo (eyaziwa ngokuba "impendulo yokuphendula"). Ngomqondo othile, ingqondo yethu ithatha umlawuli wendlela, ukulungelelanisa indlela yokusebenzisa. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba " ukuhlanganiswa kweentloko " okanye "ukuqhutyelwa kwengqondo".
Kubantu abanokudibanisa okuhambelanayo, le nkqubo ivela ngokuzenzekelayo, ingazi, kwaye iphantse. Ukukwazi ukujongana nokuvakalelwa ngempumelelo kwaye emva koko ukuvelisa iimoto ezifanelekileyo okanye iimpendulo zokuziphatha (ezaziwa ngokuba "impendulo eguquguqukayo") kwenza abantwana bakwazi ukulawula nokuziva banentembelo.
Ngoku ukuba uqalisiwe kwingcamango yokudibanisa, masijonge indlela inkqubo yokusebenza ngayo kunye nendlela ekunceda ngayo impumelelo ebomini bemihla ngemihla.
1. I-Vestibular System
Le nkqubo ithwale uxanduva lwethu lokulinganisela kunye nokunyakaza, kwaye ihlala kwindawo ephakathi. Isistim sethu se-vestibula sisasebenza xa kunokwenzeka ukuba intloko yethu ishintshe isikhundla, kwaye iqhutywe ngokuqhubekayo ngamandla okudlulayo (ezi zifumene i-gravity receptors nazo zisebenza ngentshukumo yeethambo, njengokuba usebenzisa i-dots vibrating oroth listening). Ingqondo yethu yembonakalo ifana ne "ulapha" umakishi kwaye usinika ingqiqo yokuba sihlala kuphi kwindawo emithathu. Imizekelo yemisebenzi ebandakanya ukufaka i-vestibular kufaka ukuxhuma, ukujikeleza, ukugubungela, ukuguqula, ukukhanda intloko yakho ukuba uhlambe iinwele zakho, kwaye udibanise phambili ukubopha izicathulo zakho.
Inkqubo ye-vestibula yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, enamandla. Iindidi ezahlukileyo zegalelo kwi-vestibular system zingabakholisa, ukuphazamisa, ukulungelelanisa okanye ukungahlehlisi, kuxhomekeke kwintlobo yokunyakaza kunye nokuba lubuhlungu kangakanani umntwana ukunyakaza. I-vestibular system "inokudibanisa amaninzi kunye nayo yonke inxalenye yengqondo" , ukuvumela ukuba kusebenzisane kunye nezinye iinkqubo zengqondo kunye nempembelelo kwezinye izinto ezinxulumene nokulingana, ezifana nezimpendulo zengqondo, iimpendulo zendlela yokutya, kunye nokufunda kwezemfundo. Abaqeqeshi abaqeqeshwayo abaSebenzi bee-Occupational Therapists bayazi ukuba bafumanisa uluphi uhlobo lwesigxina se-vestibula efunekayo ukunceda umntwana abonise impendulo oyifunayo kwaye aphucule amandla abo okuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi esebenzayo.
Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ye-vestibula inceda abantwana bazi ukuba bahamba ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, ukuba bahamba njani, nokuba ngaba bazinqamle xa bedlala, bexhamla, befunda okanye bahamba ngendlela yabo.
2. I-Proprioception Systyem
Le nkqubo ijongene nokuqonda kwethu umzimba. Iimisipha kunye namalungu ethu anama-receptors asebenze naliphi na ixesha atyululwe okanye axinzezelekileyo (cinga ngomzekelo wokuxhoma kwi-bar okanye ukuxhuma kwi-trampoline). Xa sele kusebenze, la ma-receptors athumela imiyalezo kwingqondo malunga nendlela amalungu ethu ehamba ngayo. Ukwaziswa okusivumela ukuba siyazi ukuba iziphi iziko zomzimba zihambelana nomnye (ngoko akudingeki ukuba sijonge rhoqo ngamehlo ethu) kwaye sinamandla angakanani esetyenziswayo (ukuze sikwazi ukusebenzisana ngokufanelekileyo nendawo yethu). Ukuba sinobuchule obuncinane, ukunyakaza kwethu kuya kuba "kuphuculwa, kuluhlu, kwaye kubandakanya umgudu ongakumbi". Ukongezelela ekuncedeni ukuba sithuthuke ngokufanelekileyo, igalelo elifanelekileyo lingavakalelwa kwakhona, ukulungiswa okanye ukusekela. Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokuziphatha ivumela abantwana ukuba benze izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukuxuma, ukunyuka, umbala, ukusika, ukubhala, ukugqoka, kunye neefowuni zokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokuba ucinge ngokucacileyo malunga nokuba ziphi izixhobo zomzimba okanye ukuba zifuna kangakanani amandla abo ukuze ufeze umsebenzi okhoyo.
3. Inkqubo yeTactile
Le nkqubo ijongene nomsebenzi wokuthintela. Kufunyanwe ngokusebenzisa i-receptors esikhumbeni sethu nangaphakathi emlonyeni wethu. Inkqubo yenkcazelo yinkqubo enkulu yeenzwa kwaye yinkqubo yokuqala yokuqonda ukuphuhlisa kwi-utero. Kusinceda ukuba siyazi xa sithinte into ethile (intsingiselo yokuchukumisa) kunye nento esithintele ngayo (ukucalula). Ukongeza kwintlupheko kunye nocalulo, isistim esicacileyo sisinika ulwazi malunga nomda phakathi kwe "touch touch" (njengathi xa ikati ihamba kwaye idla umlenze wakho nomsila wakhe) kunye "nomnxeba onzulu" (njengento yokubamba ngesandla okanye ukuxuba ). Ukuchukumisa ukukhanya (kubandakanywa imifanekiso ethile) kunokuziva ukuphazamisa okanye ukuphazamisa, ngelixa ucoceko olunzulu lunokuziva luncipha okanye luququzelele. Oku kuyinyaniso kwindlela yokubamba iqhosha elunxwemeni kunye nasemlonyeni (njengokuba udla ukutya kweempawu ezahlukeneyo). Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokuchukumisa ivumela abantwana ukuba baxelele ukuba i-pizza ishushu kakhulu okanye i-spicy, ibekezelele ukuxubha amazinyo okanye iinwele, khetha i-teddy bear okanye ingubo evakalelwa kukuba yiyona "ithambileyo", okanye ifinyelele ekujuleni kwesikhwama sayo ukufumana oko bafuna ngaphandle kokukhangela.
4. I-Visual System
Le nkqubo inoxanduva lokubona umbono, kodwa kuninzi nje kunokukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo! Izakhono zokuqonda ezibonakalayo zivumela ukuba sibone ukufana kunye nokwahlukana phakathi kwezinto, kwaye sigxininise into esiyifunayo ukuba siyibone kwaye singayinaki into esingayiyo. Izakhono zamathambo ezibonakalayo zisinceda sithathe ulwazi olubonakalayo size sithumele izandla kunye nomzimba njengoko kuyimfuneko, kusekelwe kuloo ngcaciso. Iimbono ezibonakalayo kunye nezakhono zokubonwa kwezithuthi zihlala zixhomekeke kwizakhono zokulawula iso (ezibizwa ngokuba yizakhono ze-oculomotor) ukwenzela ukugxila kunye nokujonga ngokubonakalayo kunye nento eyenzekayo kwimeko ebonakalayo. Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ebonakalayo ibancedisa abantwana ukuba bafumane izicwangciso ezifunekayo zokugqiba iphazili, bagweba ukuba bakude kangakanani ukuba baphonse ibhola, bafumane umhlobo kwindawo yokudlala exakekileyo, landela kunye nokufunda okanye ukugqiba iphepha lokusebenzela, ikopi ebhodini, kwaye ubhale ileta zabo kumigca kunye nobukhulu obufanelekileyo.
5. Inkqubo yoPhicotho
Le nkqubo inoxanduva lokuphulaphula, kodwa kwakhona, kuninzi nje kunokukwazi ukuva! Inkqubo yethu yokuphicotha isebenza kunye nengqondo yethu ukuqinisekisa ukuba yiziphi izandi ezibalulekileyo kwaye zeziphi "ezinokukhangela". Kwakhona kufuneka bakwazi ukusebenza kunye ukuze bafumane apho izandi zivela khona kwaye zithetha ntoni ukuze senze ngokufanelekileyo. Inkqubo yethu yokuphicothwa kwakhona ivumela ukuba sibe nengqiqo yolwazi lomlomo kwimeko yethu. Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokuphicothwa kunceda abantwana bathethe ukuba kukho into ephakamileyo kakhulu, qaphela amazwi aqhelekileyo, thobela ingqalelo kwaye uyichaze ngokuchanekileyo imiyalelo yomlomo yomzali okanye yomzali, uva ukuba imoto iya kubo kwivenkile yokupaka, kwaye unqume ukuba Umhlobo wabo ubiza ukususela apho egumbini elikhulu.
6. I-System Olfactory
Le nkqubo ijongene nomoya wethu wokunuka, kwaye iyakuchukumisa ingqiqo yethu. Ukuthunga kunengqondo ekhethekileyo kuba imilayezo yayo iqhutyelwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuyinxalenye yengqondo yethu ehambelana neemvakalelo kunye nememori yeemvakalelo, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yomlenze. Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo ye-olfactory inceda abantwana ukuba baqaphele ukuba iikoki zitshiswa ngaphambi kokuba ziphume ehhavini, ingaba umama wenza ukutya kwazo, nokuba ubisi lwabo luye lwabila ngaphambi kokuba bathathe isiselo, nokuba ngaba bafanele ukuba ufake idayodorant okanye uhlambe.
7. I-System Gustatory
Le nkqubo ijongene nengqiqo yethu. Inoxanduva lokufumanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zefrimu eziza emlonyeni naselwimi. Ukuthetha ngokukodwa, inkqubo yokunyusa inceda abantwana bafunde ukuthanda ukutya, ngelixa begcina izinto eziphuma emzimbeni wazo ezinokulimaza. Ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokunyusa iyanceda abantwana bafumane amava kunye neenkcukacha ezikhethiweyo (i-cookie!) Kunye nokuncinci okuthandayo (i-broccoli) kunye nama-flavour.
Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nekhono lokucutshungulwa kwengqondo yomntwana, kwaye kubonakala ngathi ichaphazela amandla akhe ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimibandela ethile yobomi bemihla ngemihla, nceda uxoxe ngokuxhalabisa ngogqirha wakho wokunyamekela umntwana ukuba uqinisekise ukuba ukuhanjiswa kovavanyo lwe- Occupational Therapy cetyiswa. Abasebenzi bee-Psychotherapies bajongana nemingeni yeengxaki zezingane ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokugcwele kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, kubandakanya ukudlala, ukutya, ukulala, ukugqoka, ukulungisa, ukunakekela ucoceko, ukuhlamba, ukufunda, ukunxulumana nokuthatha inxaxheba kwintsapho kunye noluntu.
Imithombo:
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Ayres, AJ. Yintoni ukuhlanganiswa kweengqondo? Isingeniso kumxholo. Ku: Ukuhlanganiswa okuSisiseko kunye noMntwana, i-25 ye-Editing Edition. IiNkonzo zeeNgqondo zeNtshona; 2005: 3-12.
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UDelaney T. I-Disordory Disorder Disorder Book Book: Iimpendulo eziSebenzayo kwii-Top 250 Imibuzo Abazali Babuza . I-Naperville, IL: Iincwadi zincwadi; 2008.
UChristie Kiley MA, i-OTR / L ngu-therapist osebenzayo, ogxininise ekusebenzeni nabantwana abanemiba yokudibanisa kunye nokukhubazeka. Unamava esebenzayo ukungenelela kwangaphambili (ukuza ku-3), isekisi-based, kunye nezicwangciso ezisekelwe ezikolweni.