Ukuba uvile ngomntu onomdlavuza wesibeleko, ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu zeplavic, okanye ukuba unayo iPsmmear engavamile, unokuzibuza ukuba umhlaza wesibeleko ufumaneka njani. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukuba umhlaza ukhona, iindlela zokuhlola, kunye neemvavanyo ezithile ezifana neenkqubo ze-colposcopy kunye ne-biopsy ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo.
Umdlavuza wesibeleko udlalwa phambi kokuba kukho naziphi na izimpawu; ngamanye amagama, umntu ngokuqhelekileyo uyaziqhelanisa. Xa kulandelwa umkhombandlela wokuhlola isifo somhlaza wesibeletho, oku kudla njalo, nangona kukho amaxesha apho isibonakaliso sokuqala sokuthi into engalunganga ingaba yimpawu.
Iimpawu
Ngokungafani nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, iimpawu zesifo somhlaza wesibeleko asiqhelekanga kubakho umhlaza uphuthukile ukuya kwinqanaba eliphambili. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abafazi abanalo iimpawu ezibangela ukuba bafune unyango, i-Pap smear rhoqo ifunekayo ukuze kufunyanwe kwangaphambili. Xa iimpawu zikhoyo zingabandakanya:
- Ukuphuma kwamagciwane okungaqhelekanga - Oku kungaphalala okunzima okanye okugqithiseleyo kunokuba kuqhelekileyo, kwenzeka phakathi kwexesha okanye emva kokulala, okanye kwenzeka emva kokuphuma kwesisu
- Iimvama zee-Urinary
- Ubuhlungu be-pelvic, ngakumbi ngexesha lokulala
- Ukukhutshwa kwamagciwane
IPap Smear
I-Pap smear inendima ebalulekileyo ekuhloleni umhlaza wesibeleko.
Yiloo ndlela abaninzi abafazi abayifumana ngayo ukuba baxhamla kwi-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeleko okanye umhlaza wesibeletho. I-Pap smear luvavanyo olulula olungabonakalisa ukungaqhelekanga kwintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba batyelele kumhlaza.
Bonke abesifazana kufuneka babe ne-Pap smear rhoqo ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wabo ubacebise ukuba abayidingi. Oku kungabandakanywa nabasetyhini abasemva kwamadoda kunye nalabo abaye bahlaziywa.
Qinisekisa ukuba ugweme iimpazamo ezifanayo zePap smear ukuze iimvavanyo zakho zichaneke ngokunokwenzeka.
Uvavanyo lwe-HPV
Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lunye uvavanyo olubalulekileyo olunokwenziwa ngexesha elifanayo njengePap smear okanye emva kwesiphumo esingavumelekanga. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, unokucela ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HPV luyenziwe.
Thatha ixesha lokufunda nge- papillomavirus yabantu (HPV). Nangona kukho i-HIV intsholongwane engaphezu kwe-100, akubona zonke ezi zibangelwa ngumhlaza. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-70 zeentsholongwane zomhlaza wesibeleko zibangelwa yi-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18, kunye nezinye iipesenti ezingama-20 ezinomdlavuza wesibeleko ezinxulumene nosulelo lwe-HPV 31, 33, 34, 45, 52 ne-58.
Pap Smears engavumelekanga
Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezingaqhelekanga ezinokufunyanwa kwi-Pap smear, kungekhona konke oku kuthetha ukuba usengozini yokuphucula umdlavuza wesibeleko. Ukuba uneP smear engaqhelekanga kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulandele iinqununu ezivela kugqirha wakho, nokuba ingaba ikhoposcopy, uhlobo oluthile lwe-biopsy yomlomo wesibeleko, okanye i-Pap smear kuphela yonyaka. Thatha umzuzwana ukuba ufunde ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziphumo zeP Pap smear kunye nesigama sesigqirha sezonyango esetyenziswe ukuchaza ezi.
I-Colposcopy Exam
Ukuba iP smear yakho ibonakalisa ukungaqhelekanga komlomo wesibeleko, i- colposcopy ingahle ihlelwe.
I-colposcopy imviwo e-ofisi evumela ugqirha ukuba abukele umlomo wesibeleko ngokusondeleyo kunye ne-colposcope. I-colposcope isixhobo esicacileyo esenza umlomo wesibeleko (ufana nePap smear phantsi kwe-microscope.) Uhlala ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwesini, ngexesha loviwo. Imifanekiso ebonwe kwi-colposcope inokucetyiswa kwikhompyuter okanye kwithempyutheni. Awunyanzelekile ukuba ubukele, kodwa kunokukunceda uqonde uvavanyo olungcono.
I-Biopsy ne-Endocervical Curettage
Ngexesha le-colposcopy, ugqirha unokwenza i- biopsy yesibeleko kuxhomekeka kwinto efunyenweyo ngexesha loviwo. I-biopsy yesibeleko ibandakanya ukususa inani elincinci lomzimba wesibeleko ukuze lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Ngokuqhelekileyo le nto i-punch biopsy, apho ugqirha esusa isampula encinane yeethambo kunye nesixhobo esifana nepopch yephepha. Kuthatha imizuzwana kuphela ugqirha ukuba athole isampuli yenyama kunye nexesha elimnandi. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo ngexesha le-colposcopy, iindawo ezimbalwa zomlomo wesibeleko zinokuthi zenziwe nge-biopsied.
Kanye kunye ne-biopsy yomlomo wesibeleko, i- endocervical curettage (ECC) inokwenziwa kwakhona. Ngethuba le-ECC, ugqirha usebenzisa i-brush encinci ukususa izicubu kwi-canal endalervical, endaweni emncinci phakathi kwesibeleko nomlomo wesibeleko. I-ECC ingaba buhlungu ngokukodwa (njengemikhankaso embi yokuya esikhathini), kodwa intlungu iyalala xa i-ECC yenziwe.
Iziphumo ze-biopsy kunye ne-ECC zidla ngokuthatha iiveki ezingaphantsi kweebini ukubuyela. Ugqirha wakho unokuthi uhlele enye ityelele ukuhamba kweziphumo kunye nawe okanye unokukubiza ngefowuni ukukwazisa ngeziphumo.
I-Cone Biopsy kunye ne-LEEP
Kukho amaxesha apho i-biopsy enkulu kufuneka iyenze ukuxilonga umdlavuza wesibeleko okanye ukususa izicubu ukuze kungabi nomhlaza. Kule meko, i-biopsy cone ingenziwa. Ngethuba le- cone biopsy , isiqwenga esakhiweyo sesuncu sisuswa phantsi kwe-anesthesia jikelele. I-cone biopsy isetyenziselwa ukususa izicubu ezinqabileyo kwi-cervix.
Enye indlela yokuqhubela i-biopsy, i- loop ye-electro yokugungqa inkqubo (LEEP) yinkqubo eyenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ukuze isuse izicubu emlonyeni wesibeleko. I-LEEP isebenzisa umtshini wocingo oqhutywe ngombane ukuze ususe isampuli yesununu. Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekuphatheni i -dysplasia ye-high-grade cervical , kunokuxilonga umdlavuza wesibeleko.
Iziphumo ze-Biopsy yakho yeCone okanye inkqubo ye-LEEP
Xa iziphumo ze-biopsy zibuya, umhlaza wesibeleko unokwenziwa ngaphandle okanye ufunyanwe. Ukuba isifo somhlaza wesibeletho senziwa ngumlomo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukukunikwa kwinqanaba lomhlaza wesibeleko. Kukho izigaba zesifo somhlaza wesibeleko sesihlanu kwaye ngamnye umele ukuba uphambili kangakanani umhlaza usasazeke.
Emva kokuba isigaba somhlaza wesibeleko sesinqunyiwe, isicwangciso sonyango sinokuphuhliswa. Utyando lunokubandakanya utyando oluthe gqolo, ukhemotherapy , unyango lwamayeza , okanye unyango olutsha olutholakalayo kwizilingo zonyango .
Imithombo:
Kudela, E., Holubekova, V., Farkasova, A., noJan Danko. Ukumiselwa kweNgcembelelo engcolileyo yeCervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Biology Biology . 2016. 37 (2): 1521-5.
TSikouras, P., Zervoudis, S., Manav, B. et al. I-Cancer kaCervical: Ukucoca, ukuxilongwa kunye nokuThengisa. J BUON . 2016. 21 (2): 320-5.
Zorzi, M., Del Mistro, A., Farruggio, A. et al. Ukusetyenziswa koPhulo oluPhakamileyo lwe-Papillomavirus lwe-DNA njengoVavanyo lwePrayimari kwiNkqubo yokuHlola iCervical Cancer: Uvavanyo lwaBantu abaSebenzayo. BJOG . 2013. 120 (10): 1260-7.