Iimpawu malunga nokuThumela kwe-Virus Hepatitis
Zininzi iintlobo ze-hepatitis ezibandakanya i- virus ye-hepatitis , i- hepatitis , i-hepatitis, i-hepatitis, i-hepatitis, kunye ne-hepatitis, oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iindlela ezininzi umntu angakwazi ukuzithengisa ngayo okanye ukuvelisa i-hepatitis. Inye kuphela ye-hepatitis engasasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya kwesinye i-hepatitis yintsholongwane, kodwa nje ukuba ezi zintsholongwane zisasazeka kangakanani.
Iintlobo ze-Viral Hepatitis
Kukho iintlanu eziphambili ze-viral hepatitis ebizwa ngokuba yi- hepatitis A (HAV), i- hepatitis B (HBV), i- hepatitis C (i-HCV), i- hepatitis D (i-HDV), kunye ne- hepatitis E (HEV). Oko kwathiwa, kukho iziganeko ze-hepatitis enzima engenakucingelwa kuyo enye yeentlobo ezinhlanu ze-virus ye-hepatitis, utywala, iziyobisi, okanye izifo ezizimele, ezikhokelela abaphandi ukuba bazame ukufumana esinye isizathu.
Nangona i-etiology yalezi zintsholongwane ayinakunikwa ngokupheleleyo, abaphandi baye bachaza ezinye iintlobo ezintathu ze-virus ye-viral hepatitis (kunye neentsholongwane zabo ezinxulumene), abaye bathi igama le-hepatitis F (HFV), i-hepatitis G (i-HFG), kunye negalelo le-HIV ( TTV). Njengoko izifo ezitsha kunye neziphumo zentsholongwane, ulwazi malunga nabo kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo ayinqongophala. Siyazi ke, ukuba iimeko zeTTV zidibene ne-hepatitis kubantu abaye baphala igazi .
Imizila ye-Enteric: Ukuhanjiswa kwe-Hepatitis A kunye ne-Hepatitis E
I-virus ye-Hepatitis A kunye ne-hepatitis E (i-HAV ne-HEV) zitshintshisiswa ngu-enteric, eyokugaya okanye i-fecal, iindlela. Oku kwaziwa nangokuthi yindlela yomlomo. Ukuze uvelele kule ntshaba, kufuneka usebenzise umbandela onentsholongwane.
Nangona kukho iindlela eziliqela apho lo mzila ongeyomlomo ungasungulwa, ukucoceka kococeko kunye neemeko ezingcolileyo kumanye amazwe kukhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu ezikhuselekileyo zezi ntsholongwane.
Ngenxa yoko, ezinye iindawo zehlabathi, njengeIndiya, iBangladesh, kunye ne-Central kunye neMzantsi Melika, zixhomekeke kwiintsholongwane ze-hepatitis E. Phantse umntu wesithathu wabantu baseUnited States baye bathatyelwa kwintsholongwane ye-hepatitis A.
Kukholelwa ukuba intsholongwane ye-hepatitis F (HFV) nayo isasazeka ngeendlela zokungena.
Iindlela zoPharenteral: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Hepatitis B, i-Hepatitis D kunye ne-Hepatitis C
I-Hepatitis B, C, kunye ne-D iiVV (HBV, HCV, kunye ne-HDV) zonke zihanjiswa yinto eyaziwa njengeyona ndlela ye-parenteral. I-Parenteral ithetha nje ukuba ezi zintsholongwane zingeniswa yizo zonke iindlela ngaphandle kwendlela yamathumbu, eshiya umnyango ovulekileyo ngokubhekiselele ekuvezeni. Makhe sijonge kwiindlela ezihambayo zokudlulisa iindidi ze-virus yesifo se-hepatitis.
Indlela iHBV isasazeka ngayo
Inokwenzeka ukuba inqindi ye-hepatitis B isasazeka ngamanzi omzimba womntu osulelekileyo, oko kukuthi intsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngegazi, ukukhukuma, iinyembezi, i-saliva, i-semen, i-saliva, izifihla zesisu, isisu, kunye nobisi lwebele lomntu ogulayo.
Oko kwathiwa, ukuba ne-hepatitis B akuthethi ukuba utheleleka; abantu abathile abane-HBV basenenekile.
Amathuba okuvelela angabandakanya ukwabelana ngesirinji okanye ukufumana amathambo okanye ukubhoboza umzimba ngamathuluzi asulelekileyo. Kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukubonakaliswa ngexesha lokubeleka kunye nokuqhagamshelana ngesondo kunye nokulala. Enyanisweni, malunga neyesibini kwimiba yesiganeko se-hepatitis B e-United States ibangelwa ukunyuswa kwesondo.
Nangona i-HBV ingasasazeka ngegazi, ngokuqhelekileyo ininzi ingozi yokufumana isifo sengculaza ngokumpontshelwa igazi njengoko amaninzi amazwe aqala ukuyihlolisisa ngo-1975.
Indlela iHCV isasazeka ngayo
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis C idluliselwa ngokuyinhloko ngegazi ukuya kwi-blood contact, oku kuthetha ukuba umntu unokufumana intsholongwane yintsholongwane kufuneka igazi le-umntu ophethe intsholongwane lingeniswe kwigazi lomntu.
Ngenxa yoko, njengesi-hepatitis B, ukumpontshelwa igazi (ngaphambi kwe-1990 kulolu hlobo), ukubhalwa kwe tattoo kunye nokubhoboza umzimba, ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi, iinkqubo zonyango kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezibangelwa yi-intravenous, zonke zikhokelela ekungeneni kwintsholongwane. Ngokungafani ne-hepatitis B, nangona kunjalo, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nokubeletha kokubili kuboniswe ukuba yindlela engafanelekanga yokuvezwa kweHCV.
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis G icatshangelwa ukuba idluliselwe ngendlela efanayo kwi-HCV.
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HDV
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis D idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ne-hepatitis B. I-Hepatitis D, nangona kunjalo, inokuphela kuphela ne-virus ye-hepatitis B. I-HDV inokubanjwa ngethuba elifanayo ne-HBV (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-HIV-infection). Olu hlobo losulelo luyaziwa ukucima umzimba kakuhle (90% ukuya ku-95%). Abanye bafumana isifo se-hepatitis D ngokwahlukileyo xa sele sele besuleleke yi-HBV (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-superinfection). Kule meko, i-70% ukuya kuma-95% iyaqhubeka ibe neyona ndlela ifana nesifo esingapheliyo sesifo se-hepatitis D.
Imithombo:
Palmer, uMelissa. Izifo zesifo se-Hepatitis. Oko okumele ukwazi. ENew York: i-Avery Publishing Group, 2000.
Isikhungo seCDC soLawulo lweZifo
UMbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi