I-melanoma ye-Eye, okanye i-melanoma ye-ocular, uhlobo olusandul 'umdla lomhlaza olwenziwa ngaphakathi kwiso. Uninzi lwe- melanomas luchaphazela ulusu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-melanoma iyakhula kwiso. Ukuba i-melanoma ivela ngaphakathi kwiso, ibizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza wesiso oyintloko. Ukuba i-melanoma iqala kwenye inxalenye yomzimba kwaye isasazeka kwiso , ibhekiswa njengomhlaza wesibini wesibini.
I-melanoma yamehlo ihlala ichaphazela i-uvea, indawo yeso phakathi kwe-retina kunye nenxalenye emhlophe yeso.
Izibonakaliso zeMelanoma yeso
Ngamanye amaxesha, i-melanoma yeeyaso ikhula ngaphandle kwempawu okanye iimpawu ezibonakalayo. Amaninzi amaninzi e-melanoma yeehlo afunyaniswa ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Abanye abantu banokuphuhlisa iimpawu ezimbalwa kuquka nombono onqabileyo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo okanye amabala amnyama embonweni wabo. Ezi zilandelayo zibonakaliso zihlobene nomhlaza welihlo:
- Indawo ekhulayo emnyama kwi-iris yeso
- Ukubona ukukhanya kokukhanya
- Amanzi, amehlo acasulayo
- Umbono ogqabileyo
- Ukulahlekelwa kombono wembonakalo kwelinye okanye zombini amehlo
- Ukubekwa ngokungaqhelekanga kweso ngaphakathi kwisohlo
- Ukuphuhliswa kwamabala kunye neendawo zokuhamba
- Ngamanye amaxesha, intlungu ngaphakathi okanye ngeenxa
Uninzi lweempawu kunye neempawu ze-melanoma yeeyaso azihambelani nesi sifo. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi bahlakulela amabala kunye neendawo zokuhamba , ikakhulukazi njengoko bekhula. Uninzi lwezinto eziphambi kweeyame zizinto ezincinci zeprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yi-collagen ephuka kwi-vitreous kwaye ihlanganisana, eyenza ibonakale kumgca wombono.
Ubuninzi bexesha, amabala kunye neentlanti aziyingozi, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zibangelwa zizifo zamehlo athile. Ubuhlungu ngaphakathi okanye ejikelezileyo iliso alisoloko luphawu lwe-melanoma yelanga. Ukuba unamava empawu zesifo somhlaza, ilisoloko liluvo oluhle lokulumkisa ugqirha lakho kwamehlo.
Izizathu kunye neengozi
Oogqirha abaqinisekanga oko kubangelwa ngumhlaza welihlo.
Kukholelwa ukuba i-genetics idlala indima ekuphuhliseni i-melanoma yamehlo. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziphanda utshintsho oluthile lwezinto eziphilayo ezingabangela ukuba iiseli zamehlo zibe nomhlaza. I-Melanoma luhlobo lomhlaza olwenzeka ngaphakathi kweeseli ezinika umbala emehlweni akho, ulusu kunye neenwele. Ezi ntloko zeeseli zenza i-pigment eyaziwa ngokuba yi-melanin. I-melanoma ivame ukukhula kwiiseli zesikhumba, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zivela ngaphakathi kweso.
Njengoko kunjalo nangomdlavuza wesikhumba, abantu abaneenwele ezimhlophe okanye ezibomvu, isikhumba esilungileyo, kunye nombala okhanyayo banokuthi bavelise i-melanoma yelihlo. Ngelixa ezininzi zeekliniki zesikhumba zihambelana ngqo nokukhanya kwimibala ye-ultraviolet, akucaci ukuba i-UV ray exposure ihambelana ne-melanoma yelanga. Abantu abaneemeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-atypical mole syndrome (i-dysplastic nevus syndrome) ibonakala inomngcipheko omkhulu wokuvelisa i-melanoma yesikhumba kunye namaso. I-atypical mole syndrome ibangela ngaphezu kwe-100 moles ukuba ibonakale emzimbeni. Abantu abaneli meko kufuneka bajongwe ngokukhawuleza njengoko amaninzi e-moles aphuhliswa ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga kunye nobukhulu.
Amathuba akho ekuphuhliseni i-melanoma yeehlo kwenyuka kunye neengxaki ezilandelayo:
- Umbala wamehlo okukhanya: abantu abanamehlo aluhlaza kunokuba banomdlavuza wamehlo kunabantu abanamehlo amnyama okanye amaninzi.
- Isizwe sabantu: abamhlophe, abakhanyiswayo banokuthi bavelise i-melanoma yamehlo kunabantu abanesikhumba emnyama.
- Ubudala: amathuba okuphuhlisa i-melanoma yehlohlo xa ukhula.
- Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ukukhanya: ukukhanya okuthe ngqo kwi-UV ukukhanya, kuquka ilanga, kunokubangela umngcipheko ophezulu wokuvelisa i-melanomas ethile.
- Ukwandisa imveliso ye-mole: abantu abane-molecular syndrome e-atypical kubonakala benomngcipheko omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza weso.
- I-Genetic predisposition: ezinye izinto ezingafaniyo ezivela kumzali ukuya kumntwana zibonakala zandisa ingozi yokuvelisa i-melanoma yelihlo.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba unomngcipheko othile awuthetha ukuba uza kuhlakulela isifo, kwaye akukho nto ingabikho mngcipheko kuthetha ukuba awuyi kuhlakulela isifo.
Ukuchonga i-Eye Melanoma
Nje ngezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokuxilongwa kwe-melanoma yeeyaso kubalulekile ekusekeni isicwangciso sonyango esiyimpumelelo. Uviwo olupheleleyo lwamehlo luncedo ngogqirha wakho wezilwanyana ekufumaneni isifo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuxubusha (kunye nabafundi abahluthayo) kuya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba akubone kakuhle emehlweni akho. Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukujonga nge lensi yeso lakho ukujonga impilo yezakhiwo zangaphakathi ezifana ne-retina kunye ne-optic nererve.
Ezi zilandelayo zivavanyo zingenziwa ngelixa amehlo ehlanjululwayo:
- I-Ophthalmoscopy: Ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuba yi-ophthalmoscope ukujonga emva kweso lakho. I-lens magnifying izakusetyenziswa ukujonga i-retina kunye ne-optic nererve.
- Isibilini sesibane-biomicroscopy: Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukujonga i-retina, i-nertic optic kunye nezinye iinxalenye zelihlo lakho ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya okuqinileyo kunye ne-microscope.
- I-Gonioscopy: Olu vavanyo luya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ahlole inxalenye yangaphambili yeso phakathi kwe-cornea ne-iris.
Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo ezibonisa ukuba kungenzeka ukuba i-melanoma, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza i-biopsy ukususa iiseli okanye izicubu ukuba zijongwe phantsi kwe-microscope ukubonisa iimpawu zomhlaza.
Izinyango Zonyango
Ukunyangwa kwelungu le-melanoma lixhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi. Indawo, ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwesifo esiya kutyhola uhlobo lonyango luya kuphumelela kakhulu. Ukunyangwa kwamayeza kungasetyenziselwa ukufumana nokutshabalalisa iimpawu zemizimba yeseli yomhlaza. Izaziso ziya kubhubhisa iiseli eziyingozi kwaye ziyeke ukuvelisa. Ukunyamekela kuya kuthathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba imisebe ayonakalisi iiseli ezinempilo ngaphakathi kweso. Ngaphandle kwemitha, ugqirha wakho unokukhetha ukwelapha i-melanoma ngokuhlinzwa. Unyuselo oluninzi lukhoyo olubandakanya ukususwa kweengxenye zezakhiwo zamehlo ezinomdlavuza.
ILizwi
Kulinganiselwa ukuba ama-3 000 amatyala amatsha e-melanoma yamehlo atholakala ngonyaka ngamnye e-United States. Umdla weso uvame ukufumana isifo sesibini, oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Enyanisweni, i-9 kwi-10 iliso le-melanomas liqala elukhumbeni. Ukuba ifunyenwe ekuqaleni, unyango lwe-melanoma yeeyame lunokusebenza. Ngokwe-American Cancer Society, ukuba umhlaza unempembelelo yedwa iso, ama-80 ekhulwini abantu baya kusinda ubuncinane iminyaka emi-5 emva kokuxilongwa. Ukuba zibanjwe ngaphambi kokuba zisasazeke, uninzi lwe-melanomas lusetyenziswa ngempumelelo.
Umthombo:
I-Porter, D. Yintoni i-Ocular Melanoma? I-American Academy ye-Opthalmology, 2 Agasti 2012.