Ukuhluthwa kwesifo , okubizwa nangokuthi ingxaki yokubamba ingxaki yimeko ebonakaliswe yinto efanelekileyo yokubamba. Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sokuhluthwa okanye isifo sokubanjwa kweso nasiphi na isizathu, ungadinga ukuthatha imithi eyodwa okanye ngaphezulu (i-anti-seizure medication) ukunciphisa amathuba okuba uthinte.
Amachiza okulwa neentambo zonyango ziyimishanguzo enemiphumo yeekhemikhali kwingqondo yokuvimbela ukuthotywa.
Babizwa ngokuba ngama-anticonvulsants, kwaye zifumaneka kuphela ngomyalelo ngenxa yokuba zinemishanguzo enamandla.
Kukho ama-anticonbulsants angama-30 ahlukeneyo atholakalayo. Ama-anticonbulsants ahlukeneyo anezenzo zesenzo se-pharmacy ezenza ezinye zazo zilungele ngakumbi ukulawula ingxaki yakho yokubamba ingozi kunabanye. Uninzi lwe-anticonstsants lunyamezelekile kwaye lusebenza kakuhle, kodwa lungavelisa imiphumo emibi. Ukuba uthatha i-anticonvulsants enye okanye ngaphezulu, kuyakunceda ukuba uqhelane nemiphumo emibi ukuze uza kubabona ukuba ufumana nawuphi na kubo.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nemiphumo emibi yeeAnticonvulsants eziqhelekileyo
I-Levetiracetam iyaziwa ngokuba yigama legama elithi Keppra. Ngenye ye-anticonbulsants esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kubantwana nakwabantu abadala kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kunye nenye okanye i-anticonvulsants enye.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukukhathala, ukuxakeka, ukuxinezeleka, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye nokusuleleka.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, inokudityaniswa neengxaki ezinzulu ezifana nokuncipha kweeseli zegazi, ingqondo kunye ne-Steven Johnson syndrome. Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga esibonakaliswe yimpawu ezinjengomkhuhlane kunye nokugqithisa okukhulu kwesikhumba, okubangelwa ukusuleleka kwingozi okanye ukubulawa kwamanzi.
I-Phenytoin ingomnye wemichiza endala ye-anticonvulsant kwaye ijwayele ukubizwa ngegama elithi brand Dilantin.
Ingasetyenziselwa yedwa okanye inxulumene nezinye i-anticonvulsants zokulawulwa koxinzelelo kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, ukhathala, ubunzima bokugxila, umbono ombini, kunye ne-gingival hypertrophy (ukwandiswa kweentlobo).
Ngokuqhelekanga, iingxaki ezinzulu ezifana nokuncipha kweeseli zegazi, ukuhluleka kwesibindi, kunye ne-Steven Johnson syndrome.
I-Carbamazepine iyaziwa ngamagama e-brand Tegretol neCarrol. Ingasetyenziselwa yedwa okanye inxulumene nezinye i-anticonvulsants zokulawulwa kweengxaki kubantwana nakubantu abadala. I-Carbamazepine iphinda isetyenziswe ukunyanga intlungu ehambelana neemeko ezinjenge- neuropathy kunye ne- trigeminal neuralgia .
I-Tegretol inokubangela ukuzondla, ukutshatyalaliswa okanye ukubonwa kabini ukugqithisa kwesikhumba. Ukugqithwa kwesikhumba kungaqhubela phambili kwaye kube nzima, kwaye mhlawumbi kunokubulala. I-Carbamazepine inokubangela ukuba izibilini, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo kunye nokunciphisa ama-sodium. Ngexesha elide, ukunciphisa okunzulu kwesinye seeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-neutrophils, i-anemia enkulu, ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi kunye ne-Steven-Johnson syndrome.
I-Valproic acid iyaziwa ngokuba yigama legama elithi Depakote. Ingasetyenziselwa yedwa okanye inxulumene nezinye i-anticonvulsants kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
I-Valproic acid isoloko isetyenziselwa ukulawulwa kweempawu zokuxhatshazwa ezihambelana nemeko yokuphuhliswa kwabantwana ezifana ne-Childhood Myoclonic Epilepsy kunye noLennox-Gastaut Syndrome kunye ne-petit mal okanye ukungabikho kokungabikho.
Iziphumo eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukungcola, ukukhathala, ukugubha, ukugulisa isisu, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukuzuza ubunzima nokululaza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi kunye neenxeba zokuya esikhathini kungenzeka. Izisiphako zokuzalwa zingabangela abantwana basetyhini abathatha i-valproic acid ngexesha lokukhulelwa
I-Gabapentin yaziwa ngegama legama laseNerontin. Le yonyango lokuncedisa ukuhluthwa. I-Gabapentin iphinda isetyenziswe ekuthintela iimeko ezibuhlungu, ezifana nobuhlungu be-neuropathic kunye neentloko.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukukhathala kunye nesisu.
I-Phenobarbital yenye ye-anticonbulsants endala kwaye iqondwa kakhulu. I-Phenobarbital ingasetyenziselwa yodwa okanye inxulumene nezinye i-anticonbulsants kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, ukhathala, inkathazo ekugxilwe kuyo kunye nentetho edibeneyo.
I-Primidone iyaziwa ngegama elithi brand Mysoline. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuthunjwa kwabantwana. Olunye usebenziso lwe-Primidone luyonyango yeemeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'itricity tremor ', ebonakalayo ngokugubungela kwezandla, ngokukodwa ngexesha lokuxinzezeleka.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukulahlekelwa ukulinganisela, ukungaqiniseki, ukukhathala, i-nystagmus (ukunyakaza kwamehlo okwenyuka) kunye nokuhlanza.
I-Topiramate yi-anticonvulsant eyaziwa ngegama legama le-Topamax. I-Topiramate isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunye nezinye i-anticonvulsants ukwenzela unyango lwezinto ezinokubamba inxaxheba kubantwana nakubantu abadala. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-Topiramate isetyenziselwa ukuthintela intlungu ye-migraine okanye intlungu ye-neuropathic.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukukhubeka, ubunzima bokugxila. ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokubetha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimiphumo ezibi kakhulu ezifana ne-glaucoma, amatye eentso kunye namafiva aphakamileyo kakhulu (ikakhulukazi kubantwana) angenzeka.
I-Oxcarbazepine iyaziwa ngegama legama elithi Trileptal. Ingasetyenziselwa yodwa okanye idibene namanye amayeza kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziselwa ukuphatha intlungu.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, ubuthongo, umlomo owomileyo, ukuqothulwa kunye nombono otyumkileyo.
Njenge-carbamazepine, okungafanekiyo kubangele ukuhlawula kwegazi eliphantsi kunye nokukhwabanisa kancinci.
I-Tiagabine yaziwa ngegama legama iGabitril. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuthunjwa kwabadala kunye nabantwana abadala.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, ukuguquka, iingxaki zokulinganisela, ubunzima beentlungu kunye neentlungu zesisu. Ngokuqhelekanga, kunokubangela ukutshiza kunye nokuphuphuma kwesikhumba.
I-Lamotrigine iyaziwa ngegama loLamictal. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukuthunjwa kwabadala kwaye kuthathwa njengenye ye-anticonvulsants esetyenziselwa nzima ukulawula ukuhluthwa kwabantwana. Kwakhona kusetyenziselwa ukuphathwa kweengxaki ze-bipolar (i-disorder ebonakaliswe ziziganeko zokudakumba kunye neziganeko ze-mania.)
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, umbono ombini, ukugubungela, isisongela kunye nokugqithisa. Isifo sikaSteven Johnson sinokuvela, kodwa kunqabile
I-Ethosuximide yaziwa ngegama legama laseZarontin. Isetyenziselwa unyango lwenkqubo ethile yokuthunjwa ebizwa ngokuba yiPitit Mal ukuhlutha okanye ukungabikho kokungabikho. Olu hlobo lokuthunjwa lubonakaliswa ngokukhankanya okanye ukukhangela kwiindawo, kunokuba ziqhutywe ngomzimba.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukulala, iintloko, isisu, ukunyanzeliswa, ukunciphisa isondlo kunye neenqabileyo eziphantsi kweeseli zegazi elimhlophe.
I-Zonisamide , eyaziwa ngu-brand name Zonegran, isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa nelinye i-anticonvulsant.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukungcola, ukulala, ukudideka, ukudandatheka, ukunyamezela, kunye nokuntula kwesidlo. I-Rash, imfiva, ukuncipha kwiibalo zegazi kunye namatye eentso angenzeka.
UClobazam uyaziwa ngegama elithi Onfi. Kuyi-sedative kunye ne-anticonvulsant kwaye ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwe-styling childhood.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukulala, ukuxakeka, ukuthukuthela, kunye neengcamango.
I-Clonazepam yaziwa ngegama legama elithi Klonopin. Kuyinto ekhuselekileyo engasetyenziswa kunye ne-anticonbulsants ukunyanga ukuxhatshazwa, ngokukodwa kubantwana.
Imiphumo emibi ibandakanya ukulala, ukudideka, ukudandatheka kunye nokubetha.
IiAnticonvulsants ezizimeleyo
Amanye amayeza anqunyelwe ukuthintela ukuthatha inkunkuma angasetyenziswa ngexesha lexakeka. Ukuba ufanele uye esibhedlele ngenxa yokuxhatshazeka okanye ukuthintela okungazange kuyeke ngokulula, kunokwenzeka ukuba uya kubona kwitshati owanikwa ngayo iLorazepam, igama legama elithi Ativan okanye i- Diazepam , igama legama leValium. Ezi zonyango ziyakwenza ngokukhawuleza ukuphazamisa ukuyeka, kunye nemiphumo emibi zibandakanya ukungcola, ukukhathala, ukudideka kunye nentetho edibeneyo. Ezi zonyango azikhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo okanye ukuthintela ukuthatha inkunkuma.
ILizwi
I-Anticonvulsants iyanxibelelana ne-neurons kwingqondo yokunciphisa umsebenzi, kodwa zonke zineendlela ezahlukileyo zokuthintela ukuthintela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukhuselekanga ukusela utywala okanye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi xa ufuna i-anticonvulsant.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na imiphumo emibi, kufuneka ufumane unyango. Akukhuseli ukuyeka nayiphi na i-anticonvulsant ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokwakho. Kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo yakho ugqirha xa uqala okanye umisa nayiphi na i-anticonvulsant.
Ukuba uthatha i-anticonbulsant kwaye ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa okanye ukuba ukhulelwe ngengozi, kufuneka uvumele iqela lakho lezonyango ukuba likwazi ngokukhawuleza, njengokuba amaninzi anticonstsants anokudibana kunye neziphoso zokuzalwa.
> Imithombo:
> Weston J, et al. I-Monotherapy yonyango lokuthwala ukukhulelwa: iziphumo zentsholongwane yokuzalwa komntwana kumntwana. I-Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 7; 11: CD010224.