Isifo sesithathu kunye neSifo sesine
Nangona iindawo eziqhekezayo ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zonyango kwaye zinokuphela kuphela kwesikhumba, ezinye iziqholo zibangelwa zizifo ezithathwa kuwo wonke umzimba. Uninzi lwezi ntshogciwane kunye neebhaktheriya zingabangela abantwana ukuba bavelele iimpawu ze-dermatologic ezibonisa ukuxilongwa nokunyangwa.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, oogqirha baqonda ukuxhamla, kwaye ngo-1905, uDkt. Cheinisse waseFransi wabeka izifo ezithandathu ezisekelwe ekubukeni kwazo kwiinkliniki kwaye zazinxulumene nezifundo zesifo esisekelwe ngabantu.
Oogqirha namhlanje basoloko basebenzisa isigama sakhe xa besetyenziselwa ukugqithisa kunye nokunyanga izigulane. Eli nqaku lixoxa nge "Ingxaki yesithathu" kunye ne "Isifo sesine."
I-Rubella Virus: "Izifo EziThathu" okanye iIjerumani Measles
Njengomasisi, i- rubella ibangelwa yi-virus-based RNA-based spread through drops or air contact or contact. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abanye kwiindawo zonyango ezibizwa ngokuba yi-rubella "isistim yeJamani," kodwa eli gama alisasetyenziswa kakhulu eMelika.
I-Rubella ngokuqhelekileyo ibumnene kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana abakhulileyo kunye nesiqingatha sabo bonke abantu abane-HIV abangabonakali naziphi na iimpawu. I-Rubella ingaba yintsholongwane enzulu kakhulu kubantwana abangazalwanga, nangona kunjalo, nge-90% ukusasazeka komama ukuya kwintsana. Ngenxa yokugonywa kwabamama abangaphelelanga emhlabeni wonke, abantwana abangama-110 000 bazalwa benokusuleleka ngentsholongwane ka-rubella ngonyaka. Iintsana ezininzi zineziphoso ezinzulu zokuzalwa, ukungaboniyo phakathi kwabo, kunye nobungozi bokuzalwa.
Kubonakala
Ukuxubha kwe-rubella kuqala ebusweni kwaye ngokukhawuleza kubandakanya isifuba, umva, kunye nezitho. Iqala ezimbini kwiiveki ezintathu emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwaye zinyamalale kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ukugqithisa, njengesisisi, kunobumba obomvu kwiindawo ezibomvu, phantse rhoqo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukudibanisa ukunika ubungqina obomvu obufanayo.
Ukuxilongwa
Oogqirha baxilonga i-rubella kwizigulana zezilwanyana kunye nabantu abadala kunye nembali kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. I-Rubella, ngokungafani nokulingana nesisisi, kubangela ukuba ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes emva kwentamo kunye neendlebe ngaphezu kwe-lymph node ukuvuvukala phambi kwentamo. I-rubber rash nayo ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-diagnostic, kunye neembali. Abantwana banokuba ne-fever-grade fever, kunye nabanye bafumana isicarucu kunye nokubomvu kwamehlo. Oomama abakhulelweyo bafumana ukuhlolwa kwegazi olulula kwi-rubella immunity njengentsholongwane ngelixa ukhulelwe kungabhubhisa kwaye kusongela umntwana ongakazalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha izigulane zifumana uvavanyo lokulandelelaniswa kwegciwane kwintsholongwane ngokwayo kwiimeko ezicacileyo.
Unyango
Ukunyangwa kwama-rubella okusuleleka kubantu abadala, abantwana, kunye neentsana kukunyamekela, ngokubhekiselele kumanzi kunye nokuphumla. Kwabachaphazelekayo, kuquka abantwana abancinci, ukunciphisa umnxibelelwano nomntu ongekho mzimba kukwacetywa ngeveki enye. Ulungiso olungcono, nangona kunjalo, lukhuseleko. I-Rubella yokugonywa iyenzeka kwi- measles, emasps, kunye ne-rubella vaccine . Elinye idosi linika ama-95% izigulane zonke iintsholongwane zokusuleleka kosulelo lwe-rubella.
Prognosis
Abantwana abadala nabangabantwana abasetywa yi-rubella basoloko benesifo esincinci kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo bayabuyisela ngaphantsi kweveki emva kokugqithisa.
Kodwa iintsana ezingakazalwa kwi-trimeter yokuqala yokukhula ziba mngcipheko omkhulu, nangona kunjalo, kwaye zinokubangelwa yintlungu ye-rubella syndrome yokuzalwa, equka ukuphulaphulwa kwemiphunga-ukungaboniyo kwiimeko ezininzi-ukukhubazeka kwentliziyo, kunye neengxaki ze-thyroid. Ngaphambi kokuba isitofu siphuhliswe kuma-1960s, malunga ne-0.5% yabantwana abazelwe emhlabeni wonke banesisindo esithile sokuzalwa kwe-rubella syndrome. Ezi ziphoso zokuzalwa zisoloko zingenakwenzeka.
Staphylococcal Scalded Izifo Zesikhumba okanye "Isifo Sesine"
Uninzi lweencwadi zonyango namhlanje alukhankanyi nesifo sikaDuke okanye ezinye izibhengezo kwiZiThi ezine. Yimimiselo ekhutshwe kwi-trivia yezobugqirha kwaye ininzi isetyenziswe, kodwa ifakwe apha ukuze ibhekiswe.
Ingayimela i-staphylococcal sydrome syndrome , ebangelwa yi-staphylococcal bacteria ukusuleleka kunye nokukhululwa kwe-toxin kwigazi lomntu.
Kubonakala
Ukugqithisa kubonakala kubonakala kwiintsana kwaye kuqala ngokubonakala kobomvu emlonyeni oza kuhlanganisa ubuninzi bomzimba kwisithuba seentsuku ezimbini kwaye unokuba nethenda. Ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluncinci ngecala ukuya kwelinye icala ukunyakaza komnwe kwizilonda zesikhumba kubangelwa ukufuduka kwimibala yesikhumba, i-epidermis evela kwidermesi, eyaziwa oogqirha njengophawu oluhle lwe-Nikolsky. Ngokuqhelekileyo izilonda ziba ngamabhalane azaliswe ngamanzi. I-blisters iya kuphuka ize iholele ekujongeni. Kwiintsuku ezingama-7-10, isikhumba siphucula kwaye siphulukisa ngaphandle kokuqhawula ixesha elide. Izifo ezithintekayo zebhakteria zezilonda zingabangela ukonakala. Ukukhawuleza akukaze kube khona kwiimbrane ezinqabileyo.
Ukuxilongwa
Oogqirha baxilonga ngokusasazeka kwe-staphylococcal izifo zesikhumba, ngokuqhelekileyo ngembali kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iimizi zegazi kunye ne-skin biopsy yeendawo ezichaphazelekayo zinokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Unyango
Izigulane zezilwanyana zidinga ukunakekelwa nenkxaso kunye nokupheliswa kosulelo oluphambili. Amanyathelo okuxhasa aquka ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kunye neyeza-anti-fever, kuquka i- acetaminophen (iTylenol) . Ulwaphulo lwe-antibiotiki kunye neyeza elithintekayo lubandakanya nafcillin, oxacillin, okanye i-vancomycin. I-Clindamycin iphinda isetyenziswe ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yokukhusela kwayo i-staphylococcal toxins, umqhubi oyintloko we-skin scalded syndrome.
Prognosis
Abantwana bafumana kakuhle ngokunyamekela kunye neyeza-antibiotics. Uninzi lwabantwana luya kuba ngcono kangangeentsuku ezili-10.
> Imithombo:
> "Mayelana neRubella." Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. 2014.
> Belazarian et al. "Izifo eziNtsholongwane zeNtsholongwane." I-Ditzatrick's Dermatology kwi-Medicine General; 2012: 2337-2366.
> I-Cheinisse L: I-Uniform`me maladie eruptive: I-maladie eruptive: Le megalerytheme epidemique. Sem Med 1905; 25: 205-207.
> "URubella." Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. 2015.