Abaphandi e-US Centers for Control and Prevention (CDC) base-United States bakhululwe iziphumo ezibonisa ukuba abafazi baseMerika-ingakumbi abo abane-intake ephezulu ye- iodine -basengozini yokuxhomekeka kwe-hypothyroidism ngenxa yokuchayeka ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-toxin perchlorate.
Kwiminyaka, kukho ukukhathazeka malunga nomphumo we-perchlorate kwi-thyroid. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo unengxabano, nangona kunjalo, njengabalawuli bakaRhulumente, amaqela okusingqongileyo, abakhenkethi bemihlali, imikhosi yemikhosi kunye nezokhuselo ezijongene nokungcola ziye zabuyela ngaphaya kwemiphumo yempilo, izikhokelo zemigangatho yokhuseleko, kwaye ixabiso elithatyathwe yi-perchlorate ukutya kunye namanzi.
Kwiphando elithile, iphaneli leSizwe lezeSayensi zeSizwe lizimisele ukuba i-perchlorate ithintela ikhono le-thyroid lokufumana i-iodine, kodwa ukuba iziphumo ziza kwenzeka kuphela xa zifikelela kumazinga aphakamileyo e-perchlorate. Olu cwaningo lweCDC, nangona kunjalo, lubonisa ukuba kungekuphela nje ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa, ngokokuqala ngqa, kuye kwabonisa ukuba nakwizinga eliphantsi lokubonakaliswa kwamathambo (amanqanaba aqhelekileyo kwabaninzi baseMerika) anokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo kwi-thyroid.
I-Perchlorate yinto yokuvelisa i-rocket fuel production efunyenwe ukuhlambalalisa iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwamanzi okuphuza, kunye neziqhamo, imifuno kunye neencinci ezincinyiweyo ngamanzi angcolileyo, kunye nobisi kunye nemveliso yobisi ezivela kwiinkomo ezidliwa ngotshani. Ingakwazi ukuvimbela ikhono le-thyroid ukuba lithathe iodine ukusuka kwigazi.
Iodine iyisakhiwo sokwakha i-hormone ye-thyroid. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-iodine, kunye / okanye ukungakwazi ukuthoba i-iodine kunokuthintela i-thyroid ukuba ivelise i-hormone eyaneleyo yokwenza i-thyroid, okanye i-hypothyroidism.
I-Hypothyroidism inokubangela ukunyusa ubunzima, ukukhathala, ukuxinezeleka, ukungabikho kwengqondo, ukukhulelwa kwesisu, kwaye kuthathwa njengengozi yesifo senhliziyo. Iintsana zoomama abanesifo se-hypothyroid zisengozini eyongeziweyo yengxaki yokuqonda kunye nokuphuhliswa, okanye, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, i-cretinism kunye neziphoso zokuzalwa.
Ucwaningo lwe-CDC lubhekisele kuma-2,299 amadoda kunye nabasetyhini, abaneminyaka eli-12 nangaphezulu, abathatha inxaxheba kwi-National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES).
Bavavanya i-perchlorate concentrations urine, kunye ne-thyroid ye-thyroxine (T4) kunye ne-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating (TSH) egazini. Oko abaphandi bafumene kukuba ubukho be-perchlorate kwakuyi-predictive ye-hormone ye-thyroid kubasetyhini, kodwa kungekhona amadoda.
Abaphandi baphinde bagxininise kubafazi abanamazinga aphezulu-iodine kunye neqela elisezantsi. Kuyabasetyhini abanamazinga aphezulu-iodine, bafumana uxhumano oluncinane phakathi kwamanqanaba e-perchlorate kunye ne-TSH. Kodwa kwintombi engaphantsi-iodine, kwakukho uxhulumano oluqinileyo phakathi kwamanqanaba e-perchlorate kunye ne-TSH ephakamileyo kunye ne-T4 ephantsi, okubonisa ukuba i-hypothyroidism.
Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banomngcipheko othile kuba ukukhulelwa sele kubeka ubunzima kwi-thyroid function, kwaye usebenze ngokwaneleyo umsebenzi we-thyroid ukugcina ukhulelwe kunye nokukhusela iingxaki zokuqonda okanye zophuhliso kwiintsana. Abasetyhini abasele bencitshisiweyo ye-hypothyroid nabo banomngcipheko omkhulu kuba imiphumo ye-perchlorate ingaba yingozi ngakumbi kwi-hypothyroidism ekhoyo.
Ngokutsho kweCDC:
Amashumi amabini anesithandathu ekhulwini kwabasetyhini base-US banamazinga e-iodine e-urine ngaphantsi kwe-100 μg / L, eyona nqanaba elingaphansi kwe-iodine elisetyenziswe kwisifundo. Ukujonga abo banamaqondo aphantsi e-iodine, kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo, kunye nalabo abasemngceleni we-hypothyroid sele sele, iGqiza lokuSebenza kwezeNdalo liye lagqiba ukuba uqikelelo olungama-44 wezigidi zaseMerika zibeka ingozi enkulu ekuboniseni i-perchlorate.
Ubungakanani Ubunzima Bokuba Ngengozi?
Ngokutsho kweCDC, umgangatho wamanzi we-perchlorate ofumaneka kumchamo wawuyi-2.9 i-microgram nganye ngeyure (i-microgram nganye ilitha ilingana nenxalenye enye ngeebhiliyoni). Ngokomlinganiselo wokuvelisa umchamo malunga nesiqingatha esinye neesigamu ngosuku, oku kuguqulwa kwii-microgram ezinokujikeleza kwemitha ngosuku. Kule nqanaba eliphantsi, kukho imiphumo emibi ebonwe kwi-thyroid. I-level "ye-dose ekhuselekile" ye-federal, nangona kunjalo, phantse amaxesha angama-10 ngeli dosi.
Ngokutsho kweQumrhu loLimo lokuSingqongileyo, i-CDC ifumene ukuba amanqanaba e-perchlorate emanzini athathekayo njengamalungu amathathu kwiigidigidi (ppb) -think of one teaspoon yamanzi kwi-pool yokubhukuda-e-Olympic-ingaba nempembelelo kwimpilo yabasetyhini.
Ungenzani?
Ngelishwa, kumgangatho wabathengi, kunzima ukukhusela i-perchlorate, njengoko ixhaphake ekutya kwethu nasekunikezeni amanzi. Umzekelo:
- Elinye iqela lokusebenzela i-Environmental Environment (EWG) lifumene i-perchlorate kwi-half-all of the spare
- Olunye uphando lwe-EWG lufumene i-perchlorate kwi-sampuli ezingama-31 ze-32 zobisi eCalifornia
- ICandelo laseCalifornia leZiko lokuTya nezoLimo lifumene i-perchlorate kwi-32 kwi-sampuli yobisi ezingama-32
- Ngokwezivivinyo eziqhutywe phantsi kweMithetho yoLawulo lokuLawulwa kweMiqathango engeyiyo yoLawulo lwe-EPA, ubuncinane iinkqubo zamanzi zikawonkewonke ezingama-16 ezimalunga nama-22 zihlambulukile nge-perchlorate
- I-Perchlorate itholakala kwimveliso yasekhaya kunye nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe, kunye namazinga aphezulu abonakala rhoqo kwiimonon, iidiliya, ama-raspberries, i-apricot, i-melon, i-lettuce, i-tomato, i-basil, i-kale, isipinashi kunye ne-asparagus.
- Ngokubanzi, ngokweCDC, iipesenti ezingama-69 ezi-1,090 zeesampuli zokutya neziselo zokuvavanywa zazivivinywe.
Ngokutsho kweCDC, ukutyhila okubanzi kwindawo yokutya kwamanzi kunye nokutya kuthetha ukuba i-America eqhelekileyo inezinga elijikelezayo le-perchlorate ezintlanu kunye nesiqingatha isahlulo seebhiliyoni.
Ukukunceda ukukhusela i-thyroid yakho, unokuqinisekisa ukuba awukho omnye wabasetyhini abalishumi kwabangu-10 abane-iodine. I-multivitamin imihla ngemihla ene-iodine inokuqinisekisa ukuba uyifumana iodode oyifunayo. Kodwa, gcinani engqondweni, ukuba ungomnye wabantu abangenayo i-iodine ephumelekileyo, iodode engaphezulu iyakwandisa kwaye ibe yingozi ngakumbi kwi-hypothyroidism kunye neemeko ze-thyroid.
Le yinkxalabo ebiza ukuba isenzo sabemi. Ngokomzekelo, kwinqanaba likazwelonke, akukho manzi okusela amanzi. Ulawulo oluphela kuphela lwesizwe lukhokelo lwe-FDA olubonisa ukucocwa lwenziwe kwinqanaba le-24.5 ipheb. Ikomidi elicebisa ngezepolitiki kwimpilo yabantwana ligxeka kakhulu loo mqathango, nangona kunjalo, isilumkiso sokuba kunokubangela ukutyhila okubangelwa ingozi yokuphuhlisa i-neurovelopmental kubantwana kunye nabantwana abancinci.
Kwinqanaba likarhulumente, eli lizwe kuphela elinomlinganiselo wamanzi wokuphuza we-perchlorate iMassachusetts, ebeka umgangatho wabo kwiindawo ezimbini kwiigidigidi ngoJulayi 2006. Ngo-Oktobha 2006, iCalifornia ne-New Jersey zaziqwalasela imilinganiselo ye-ppb kunye ne-ppb emihlanu .
Qhagamshelana nomthetho wee-legislators zelizwe kwaye ubakhuthaze ukuba bathathe imigangatho ehambelanayo ye-perchlorate yokunikezelwa kwamanzi karhulumente. Yaye unxuse ama-legislative federal ukuba amkele umgangatho wesizwe. I-EWG icebisa ukuba urhulumente wephondo ubeke umgangatho wamanzi wokusela ongaphantsi kwama-0.1 engama-billion kwi-perchlorate.
Kwakhona, banxuse ama-legislators aseburhulumenteni ukuba agunyaze ukuhlanjululwa kwezinto zokungcolisa kwiindawo ezisemgangathweni kunye nezityalo ze-aerospace. Ukuhlanjululwa okusemthethweni kweendawo zokungcola ezikhoyo kunye nokulungiswa kwamanzi angcolileyo yindlela ezikuphela zokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwe-perchlorate.
URenee Sharp, umhlalutyi we-EWG oye wafunda ikhemikhali, wachaza wathi:
I-Pentagon kunye neenkontrakta zokhuselo, ezijongene nobuninzi be-perchlorate kwimithombo yamanzi okusela, ziye zazingqongqo ngokumalunga nemigangatho ye-federal, iphikisana ngokuthi i-perchlorate ayizange ibe yingozi kubantu abadala. Olu cwaningo olutsha lubonisa ukuba kwanamanqanaba amancinci amancinci emanzini okanye ukutya anokuba nempembelelo emakwizinga le-thyroid kubasetyhini. Asinakukungaziboni le ngxaki yempilo karhulumente.
> Imithombo:
> Blount, Benjamin C. et. al. Impembelelo yezeMpilo: i-Urinary Perchlorate kunye ne-Thyroid Hormone Levels kwi-Adolescent and Men Adult and Women living in the United States, "i-Environmental Health Perspectives Branch (EHPB), iZiko leSizwe lezeNzululwazi ngezeMpilo, iiNational Institutes of Health, iSebe lezeMpilo eMelika kunye IiNkonzo zoLuntu, papashwe ngo-Oktobha 5, 2006, kwi- Intanethi
> "Izigidi ezingama-44 zeeNtsholongwane zengozi ye-Thyroid evela kwiRikeet Fuel Chemical," Iqela lokuSebenza kweeNdalo.
> Uhlalutyo lweqela lokuSebenza lokusingqongileyo