Ngo-Matshi ka-2011, ingozi kwi-Fukushima Daiichi Plant Power Plant eFukushima, eJapan-eyabangelwa yi-tsunami emva kokuzamazama komhlaba eyabetha isityalo-yabangela ukukhululwa kwemisebe kunye nokuchithwa kwezinto ezisasazwayo kwiJapan nakwiindawo eziphantsi senyukliya.
Iingozi zityalo zenyukliya ezifana neFukushima kunye nomphumo wengozi yaseChernobyl ngo-1986 ekukhululweni kwe-iodine-131.
Ukubonakaliswa kwi-iodine-i-radio-131 yinto eyaziwayo yengozi yomdlavuza we-thyroid , kwaye ingozi enkulu kakhulu xa ukuvezwa kwenzeka kwiintsana, abantwana kunye nabaselula. Ngaba kukho isizathu sokukhathazeka, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yintoni enokuyenza?
Uphando
I-spike enkulu kwintsana ukuya kwintsholongwane yesifo somdlavuza we-thyroid yabonwa emva kweminyaka emihlanu emva kwengozi yaseChernobyl . Isiganeko sasiphezulu kwiindawo ezinjengeBelarus, eyayisendleleni yokuwa kweekhamkliya yeChernobyl, kodwa abemi bayo babengakhuselekanga nonyango lwe-iodide ye-potassium. (Ezinye iindawo eziphantsi kweChernobyl, ezifana nePoland, zafumana amacwecwe e-potassium ekhuselekileyo , ekhusela i-thyroid ukuba ingathathi iodody i-radio ifyathwa kwiiyure ngaphambi nangemva kokungena.)
Ukubonelelwa kwimeko yamaChernobyl kunye nenkxalabo ephakamileyo yoluntu eJapan, uphando lwezoLawulo lwezeMpilo lwe-Fukushima lwasungulwa ngoJulayi ka-2011 ukuvavanya ingozi yokuchithwa kwemisebe kubemi.
Uphando lubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-thyroid ye-ultrasound ye-ultrasound ukujonga abantu abakujikeleze uFukushima ngenzame yokufumanisa umdlavuza we-thyroid.
Abaphandi baseJapan bazama ukuseka ukuba ngaba kukho ubungqina obukhoyo phakathi kweengozi yomgudu we-Fukushima kunye naluphi ukwanda okulandelayo kwimilinganiselo yomdlavuza we-thyroid kubantu baseFukushima.
Iziphumo zakuqala zazibhekiselele kubaphandi, abafumanisa ukuba isiqingatha sezifundo ezikhethiweyo zineengqungquthela ze-thyroid ezinokuthi zibe ngumdlavuza okanye ziba nomhlaza esikhathini esizayo. Uvavanyo olulodwa lwe-epidemiological lwabikwa ngo-2015 ukuba izinga lomdlavuza we-thyroid kubantwana bakaFukushima lilingaphezu kwama-600 kwisigidi, xa izinga elilindelekileyo libe li-1 ukuya kwi-3 kwiimeko ezizigidi zabantwana.
Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, nangona kunjalo, nangona kukho ukwanda kwe-cancer ye-thyroid, kuncinci kakhulu kunokwanda okwenziwe emva kweChernobyl. Oku kuye kwabangela abaphandi ukuba baphumelele ukuba "ukunyuka kwezilwanyana kwiindawo zaseFukushima ziphantsi kakhulu kunezo zivela kwingozi yaseChernobyl, kwaye akukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuxhasa uxhaso lomdlavuza we-thyroid ngokuchithwa kwemitha kwiFukushima."
Uninzi lweKhrojekti yeCroroid, okanye i-Better Detection eFukushima?
Abanye abaphandi baseJapan baye bachaza ukuba i-thyroid ultrasound esebenzayo isetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwe-Fukushima iyakwazi ukufumana i-nodules encinci kakhulu ye-thyroid-eyaziwa ngokuba yi-microcarcinomas-kwaye ukuqikelelwa kwangaphambili kwee-nodules ze-thyroid kwavela kwi-screening encane.
Bathi iingqungquthela ezininzi-kwaye ekugqibeleni, umhlaza womhlaza we-thyroid-uya kufumaneka ngokucacileyo kulabo babonakaliswa njengabantwana ku-Fukushima.
Kodwa bathi ukuba ukwanda kwimihlaza yesifo somhlaza we-thyroid isiphumo sokwenza ucalulo olubanzi nolusasazekayo kwiFukushima, ngokubhekisele kwenyuka kwinqanaba lomdlavuza we-thyroid elibangelwa yingozi yenyukliya. Bacebisa ukuba umdlavuza ophezulu we-thyroid uya kufumaneka kuba abaphandi nabahlali beFukushima bawufuna, kwaye basebenzise izixhobo zokujonga izinto ezintle ukuze zifumane.
Le mpikiswano ibonisa iingxoxo ezifanayo eziqhutyelwa eUnited States, apho iqondo lokunyuka komdlavuza we-thyroid lithathwa ngokuba zixhobo ezibonakalayo ezinokuzifumanisa ezinokufumana i-microcarcinomas, kwaye kungabi ukwanda okwenziwe kwiziganeko zomhlaza we-thyroid.
Ngokuphathelele kwiziphumo ze-Fukushima, uPeter Kopp, MD, umhleli wephepha leTyroid kunye noNjingalwazi wezeMpilo, iSahlulo se-Endocrinology, i-Metabolism, kunye neMicrosoft Medicine, kwi-University of Chicago-Northwestern University, yathi:
Ukuhlolisisa ngenyameko izingozi zenyukliya eChernobyl naseFukushima kwimicimbi yezempilo kunye noluntu luqhubeka luba nolwazi olunzulu. Kule nkalo, abukho ubungqina obucacileyo bokuthi umonakalo weFukushima uye wabangela ukunyuka kwe-carcinomas ye-thyroid, okufunyaniswayo okungafaniyo nembono emva kweengozi yaseChernobyl. Isiganeko esiphezulu sezonyango zesifo se-thyroid esifumene ngokuhlolwa kweqela labantu baseFukushima ligxininisa imingeni ejongene neenkqubo zokuhlola.
Nangona kunjalo, nayiphina isiphetho esiqinisekileyo iya kuba yiminyaka emfutshane, kwaye ukuqhubeka kwimbono yabantu baseFukushima, kunye nokubonakalisa ngokucacileyo ukuguqulwa kwezityalo kunye neentsholongwane kwi-carcinomas ye-thyroid, kubalulekile.
ILizwi
Nangona abaphandi baseJapan bengabalulekanga ukwanda kwenani lomdlavuza we-thyroid elibhekiselele ngqo kwiingozi zenyukliya zakwaFukushima, zibonisa ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuhlolisisa imeko.
Ekugqibeleni, uphando olongezelelweyo lwezifo luya kunceda ekufumaneni ukuba i-iode ye-i-radioactive-131 emva kokuba iFukushima ibe yinqanaba elaneleyo lokubangela ukwanda kwe-cancer ye-thyroid-njengoko kwenzeka emva kweChernobyl-okanye ukuba ukwanda kwinto nje ukuhlolwa komhlaza we-thyroid.
> Imithombo:
> IKomishoni yamazwe ngamazwe ngoKhuseleko lwezeMvelo 2009 Ukusetyenziswa kweeNkxaso zeKomishoni zokuKhuselwa kwabantu kwiimeko eziPhupha kwiimeko eziPhezulu. Ukupapashwa kwe-ICRP 109. Ann. ICRP 39. 2009.
> IKomiti yeZizwe zeZizwe zeZizwe eziMiphumo ye-Atomic Radiation. "Imithombo kunye nemiphumo ye-radiation ionizing." UNSCEAR 2008 Bika ingxelo kwiNdibano epheleleyo kunye nezihlomelo zesayensi. Umqulu II, iSihlomelo seSayensi D: Imiphumo yempilo ngenxa yemitha evela kwingozi yaseChernobyl. IZizwe Ezihlangeneyo, eNew York, NY. 2011.
> Yamashita S, Thomas G (eds). Ingozi yeChroroid kunye neengozi zeNyukliya: Iziphumo ezide zeChernobyl kunye neFukushima. I-Press Press, i-Elsevier, Inc., i-Cambridge, MA. 2017.
> Yamashita, S et. al. "Izifundo ezivela kuFukushima: Iziphumo zandwendwe lweKhrojekiti yeTroid emva kweNgcembelelo yeSityalo seNyukliya yeFukushima." I-Thyroid. Umqulu 28, iNombolo 1, 2017 UMary Ann Liebert, Inc. INGXELO: 10.1089 / yakho.2017.0283