Kuwo onke amawaka eminyaka ekhulwini lama-21, ukusetyenziswa kwe-marijuana yonyango kuye kwajongwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye yaqaphela ukuphatha uluhlu lweengxaki ezingaphathwa kakubi kunye nezinye iziyobisi kunye neyeza.
Ukuxhaswa kwamagqirha kunye nezigulane ezitholile i-marijuana yonyango ukuba zisebenze ekuncediseni iimpawu zeemeko zikhokelela ezinye izigunyazo zokuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwegunju yonyango phantsi komyalelo wegqirha kwiimeko ezivunyiweyo.
Iziganeko ezibangelwa i-marijuana, kunye ne-marijuana yokwenziwa, enenjongo yokubonelela ngezibonelelo zonyango ezingafaniyo ngaphandle kweziyobisi eziphezulu, nazo ziye zaphuhliswa kwaye kwezinye iimeko, zisetyenziswe njengeenkozo zonyango. Enye yalezi zintlobo zokwenza i-marijuana yonyango i-Marinol.
Yintoni Ongayiphatha?
Izibonakaliso ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezihlukeneyo okanye ukusebenzisa i-cannabis yezokwelapha ziye zachongwa. Ezi zinokuphulwa phantsi kwezi zigaba ezibanzi zilandelayo:
- I-anti-nausant and appetite stimulant
- Anti-spasmodic kunye ne-anti-convulsant
- Uhlalutyo (ubuhlungu buhlungu)
- I-modulator ye-anti-inflammatory and immune system
- I-Anxiolytic (ukuxhaswa kokuxhalabisa) kunye nokuchasana nokudandathekisa izifo zengqondo
- Ukunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwendawo yotywala, i-opiates kunye nezinye iziyobisi eziyingozi
- Izicelo ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-glaucoma ne-asthma.
Nangona kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-FDA ayizange yamkele i-mariju naluphi naluphi na uphawu lwezokwelapha, imiqathango ethile apho inambuzane yonyango inokumiselwa ukuba ibandakanye, kodwa ayinakuphela:
- Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo
- I-nausea (kuquka i-nausea ehambelana ne-chemotherapy)
- HIV
- Isifo sokugubhuka
- Glaucoma
- IBS
Imiphumo emibi
Kuye kwachongwa iziphumo ezinobungozi ezinobungozi. Ezi ziquka imiba ye-cardiovascular ehambisana nokusetyenziswa kwegciwane njengentliziyo kunye nempembelelo yegazi, imiba ngenkathi ibelelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba isifo sengqondo sigxile kwi-marijuana.
Nangona ingozi yentsholongwane yezokwelapha ingabonwa njengento ephakamileyo, abantu abaneengxaki zentliziyo banokuchaphazeleka ngokunyuka kwintliziyo ye-tachycardia-eyabangelwa yiyobisi, kwaye kufuneka iphephe i-marijuana okanye isebenzise emva kokuxubusha ingozi kunye neenzuzo zabo echaza ugqirha.
I-Marijuana ibangela ukuba utyhafeke xa abasebenzisi bema ngokukhawuleza, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi-postural hypotension. Oku kubangela umngcipheko wokudlula, ukuwa, kwaye mhlawumbi uhlaselwe yingozi. Imiphumo yengcambu yokuxinzelelo lwegazi ayilungqiqweni, ngoko ke nayiphi na inkxalabo kufuneka ixoxwe ngayo kunye nogqirha wakho.
Ukukhulelwa
Imiphumo yengcambu ngexesha lokukhulelwa ixutywe, kunye nabanye bekhuthaza ukusebenzisa i-marijuana yonyango njengonyango lokugula kwasekuseni, kunye nolunye uphando olubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba umonakalo onobuchopho obunzima kumntwana okhulayo. Ukuphononongwa kophando ngemiphumo yokutshatyalaliswa kwabantwana ngaphambi kokubeletha kumantongomane kubantwana kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso kubonisa ukuba kunobungozi bokunyuka komntwana kunye nokuzala okuphantsi.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi zifundo, kunye nezo zibonisa imiphumo yokutshatyalaliswa kwentshonalanga yokubeletha kwinqanaba elongezelelweyo lokuphuhliswa, lididekile okanye lidideke kukuba abesetyhini abasebenzisa i-marijuana ngexesha lokukhulelwa banokukwazi ukubandakanyeka kwezinye iimeko ezibeka umntwana engozini , ezifana nokubhema icuba.
Ngokubanzi, oogqirha baye bavakalisa inkxalabo malunga nokukhuselwa kwengubo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. I-Marijuana inqabile i-fat, kwaye iwela i-placenta kunye ne-blood-brain brain. Ngoko ke, ukuba unina usebenzisa i-marijuana, inokuqokelela kwiisisu kunye nengqondo yengane. Unako ukuphazamisa ukulawula imoto, imemori, kunye neminye imisebenzi yengqondo.
Kukho umngcipheko okhudlwana wokunyuka kwesifo-isifo esibi kakhulu sokubeleka apho umntwana azalwe ngaphandle kwengxenye yengqondo kunye nekhanga-xa umntwana evelele kwi-marijuana ngenyanga yokuqala yokuzalwa, 1 ukuya kwiiveki ezine emva kokukhulelwa.
Kukho ububungqina bokuthi i-marijuana isebenzise ngexesha lokukhulelwa liyakunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, kunye ne-neurotransmitters ezidlala indima ekusebenziseni ingqondo kunye nokusebenza kwemvakalelo.
Oku kungakhokelela ekulawuleni ukulawulwa kakubi: ukugwenxa, ukugubungela, kunye nokuziphatha okubi; ubunzima kunye nomgaqo wesigxina kunye nombuso; kunye nokulala ukuphazamiseka.
Imiba yophuhliso
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukungaphumeleli kwe-neurodevelopmental kubantwana abadala, abaselula kunye nabaselula abaye bavezwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-marijuana. Ezi zifundo zihambelana nemiphumo ye-cannabis kwi-system ye-fetal central nervous system.
Abantwana abaye bavezwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-marijuana kwaye balandelwa ngokuhamba kwexesha bafumene ukuba neendlela ezingapheliyo zokungasebenzi ekusebenziseni iingcamango. Ngeminyaka engama-6 ubudala, ukuxilongwa kwe-marijuana ngaphambi kokubeletha kwakuxhomekeke kumanqaku amanqaku angaphantsi kunye nokulahleka kwintsebenziswano, imemori yesikhashana, kunye neengqinisiso zobungakanani. Ngexesha abaneminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, iimpembelelo ezimbi zokutshatyalaliswa kwentshonalanga yokubeletha zaba negalelo elikhulu kwimemori yoyilo kunye nokuvavanya kokufunda kunye nememori, kwaye abantwana abavelele banamanani amanqaku aphantsi ekuphumeleleni kwesikolo.
Kwakhona banokuthi banokunyuka ukunyanzeliswa, ukunyaniseka, kunye neengxaki zokungazimeli kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso empawu zokudandatheka kwabantwana. Lezi zimpawu ziqikelele ngokucacileyo ukuhlambalaza kwiminyaka eyi-14 kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokwanda kweengxaki kunye nokusebenza okusebenzayo, okuphambili ekufundeni nasekulawuleni ukuziphatha. Abantu abadala abaselula abaye bavezwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-marijuana baye bafunyaniswa ukuba batshintshile ukusebenza kwe-neural kubangele imemori yesikhashana.
Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ezi ziphumo zophando ziyinkimbinkimbi yindlela abantwana abanomama abasebenzisa ngayo i-mariju ngesikhathi bekhulelwe ukuba bavelele kwezinye izinto, iingcinezelo kunye nezinye iingxaki. Nangona kunjalo, de kube uphando olunzulu, i-marijuana ibhetele ukukhutshwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuncelisa.
Impendulo engenzeka
Kuye kwaxelwa ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ezininzi kwi-marijuana, kubandakanywa ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphelelwa amandla, ukukhwabanisa, ukuphazamiseka, kunye neentloko. Impendulo engalunganga ayisoloko ibonakala ekuqaleni, kodwa ingahlakulela ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko umntu ebonakaliswa kakhulu kwi-marijuana. Nangona unqabileyo, ukunyaniseka okwenyaniso kumgudu kungabonakala, kwaye kuluhlu oluvela kwi-rashes kunye nobuthakathaka ukuya ku-flown anaphylaxis. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na impawu ocinga ukuba inokungabikho kwezifo ezinxulumene neengxaki, ungaye usebenzise kwaye uxoxe ngokugqithisa ugqirha wakho.
Yintoni iMarinol?
I-Marinol yindlela yokwenza i-marijuana yonyango. Ingqungquthela yokwenziwa kwendawo ye-delta-9-THC, eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwisityalo se-cannabis. I-Marinol imiselwe ukuba ibe nesidlo esinomdla kubantu abaneempawu ezinzima zokulahlekelwa yintlanzi, isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza, obangelwa zizimo ezifana ne-AIDS kunye nomhlaza, kunye nokunyangwa kwezi meko.
I-marijuana yonyango inengxabano kuba i-marijuana yokuzonwabisa itywala elawulwayo iminyaka emininzi. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, iMarinol imiselwe kuphela kubantu abaneemeko ezinzima, kwaye abangazange baphendule ngokwaneleyo kwezinye iindlela zokwelapha iimpawu zabo.
Imiphumo ye-Marinol kunye neempembelelo ezingasemva
Abantu abathatha iMarinol banokufumana ezinye iimiphumo ezonwabisayo ze-marijuana ngokuzonwabisa rhoqo, kuquka ukuzonwabisa kunye novuyo.
I-Marinol ingaba nemiphumo embi engathandekiyo, kubandakanya i-paranoia kunye nengcamango engavamile, isisu esicasulayo, nokulala.
Ngaba I-Marijuana Yonyango Inye Yenye Indlela Yokusebenzisa Iziyobisi?
Amagama athi "ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi" kunye "nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi" zigweba kwaye zisichaza umntu osebenzisa izinto. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwezi migaqo kuhlaselwa ngabafundi. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo wokuba iprogram yonyango yonyango isetyenziswa njengokuba ihloselwe iphakamisa iziphumo ezithandekayo.
Uphando olubikwe ngo-2017 lubonise ukuba abasebenzisi be-marijuana abangesizo izigulane ze-marijuana zogqirha babika ukusebenzisa i-marijuji ichithwe kwii-dispensaries. Abasebenzisi be-marijuana banokuthi basebenzise izidakamizwa ezingavunyelwe zona kunokuba zichazwe inambuzane. Oku kubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi bokuzonwabisa bayaphendukela kwimithombo engekho emthethweni, echithwe, echanekileyo yezinto, kunokuba izidakamizwa zedolophana zendabuko, zongeze i-marijuana yonyango kwiluhlu lwezidakamizwa ezichanekileyo ezichithwa ukuze zisebenzise ukuzonwabisa.
Nangona kunjalo, abo banqunywe i-marijuana banokuzuza kakhulu kwi-marijuana yonyango. Uphando olufanayo lubonise ukuba kuthelekiswa nabasebenzisi abangekho izigulane ze-marijuana zonyango, izigulane ezindala zonyango zonyango zisebenzisa i-marijuana, kwaye i-vaporize igxile kwi-marijuana, njengeoli, i-dab kunye ne-wax, ngokuqhelekileyo.
Kwiphepha le-flip, abaninzi abasebenzisi be-marijuana abangenawo utywala ngokusebenzisa imithombo yonyango bayichaphazela iimpawu ezingenakuphulukiswa kunye ne-marijuana kunye nezinye iziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni. Kwaye olunye uhlolisiso lwababoneleli ngezezempilo kwilizwe laseWashington, apho i-marijuana isemthethweni kokusetyenziswa kwezobisi kunye nokuzonwabisa, ibonisa ukuba abaninzi babo abanelungelo lokuncoma i-marijuana yonyango.
Nangona iprogram yonyango yonyango ibonakala ibonelela ngenye inzuzo, kukho iingxaki zokungafikeli abo baya kuzuza, kwaye banokwandisa ukufikelela kumanciana enyango ngenxa yeenjongo zonyango.
> Imithombo:
> Carlini, B., Garrett, S., & Carter, G. I-Cannabis yamachiza: Uphando phakathi kwabanikezeli bempilo kwi-Washington State. I-American Journal ye-Hospice kunye noPilliative Medicine, 34: 85 - 91. 2015. Ithenda: 10.1177 / 1049909115604669
> I-Chasnoff, I. Imithetho yonyango yonyango nokukhulelwa: Impembelelo yomgaqo-nkqubo wezempilo. I-American Journal ye-Obstetrics ne-Gynecology , 216, 27-30. 2017.
> Gieringer, D., Rosenthal, E., & Carter, G. Marijuana Incwadi Yonyango: Isikhokelo esiSebenzayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwezonyango zaseMarijuana. IiNgcaciso zeMerika zoNyaka. 2008.
> Lankenau, S., Federvava, E., Reed, M., Schrager, S., Iverson, E., Wong, C. i-Marijuana nezenzo zokusetyenziswa phakathi kwezigulane zonyango zonyango abadala kunye nabasebenzisi abangenagulane, kunye noxhomekeke kuTywala, 170, 181-188. 2017.