I-asthma (okanye i-IIA emfutshane) ihlobo lomsebenzi we-asthma osebenzayo obangelwa kukungena kwi-gas, fumes, vapor okanye i-particle inhaled. Imeko efana ne-airway ye-disney functional syndrome (okanye i-RADS efutshane).
Ezi zigulo zihlelwe njenge-asthma yokusebenza ngenxa yokuba izinto ezininzi ezichasayo ezikhokelela kwi-RADS ne-IIA zenzeka kwindawo yokusebenzela.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzeliswa kwezinto ezinokubangela ukucasula kwenzeka kwikhaya okanye kwiindawo zoluntu, kwakhona; Ngoko ke, i-RADS ne-IIA ayisoloko ihlobene nomsebenzi.
I-RADS ne-IIA zaqale zaziwa njengezifo ezihlukileyo ngo-1985, kwaye imiba ephathelele ukuxilongwa kwayo ikhangele into ethile. Ukusungula uxhumano olucacileyo phakathi kokungena komntu kwisifo esichukumisayo kunye neempawu ze-asthma zomntu akusoloko kulula. Ukongezelela, ukuhlula i-RADS kunye ne-IIA kwezinye iindidi ze-asthma kunokuba nzima.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-RADS kunye ne-IIA
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-RADS ifunyaniswa xa umntu (ngaphandle kwesifo se-asthma esasifumaneka ngaphambili) ahlawulela iimpawu ze-asthma emva kokukhawuleza (ngokukhawuleza kwengozi) kunye nokuvelela okubonakalayo kwimeko engamangalisa. Emva kokuqala kwangoko, umntu onama-RADS unempawu zokuphefumula ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza (kwiiyure ezingama-24).
I-RADS ikholelwa ukuba ibangelwa yimpembelelo enobungozi ngqo kwiiseli ezihamba ngendlela.
Ukucaphukisa kukubangela ukuphendula okuvuthayo okuhlukileyo kwimpendulo yokumelana nokutshatyalaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo-umendo kubantu abaninzi abane-asthma.
Ingxabano malunga nokuxilongwa kwe-IIA okanye i-RADS ephantsi-dose igxininiswe kwisimo esicetywayo sesifo. Umbuzo uhleli nokuba ingaba nomonakalo othe ngqo kwiiseli ezivela kwinqanaba elide elide elide, ngaphandle kwecandelo elichasayo.
Ikomiti yeengcali e-UK, eyabanjwe ngo-2006, yamkela igama elithi "i-asthma ekhuselayo" esekelwe kwi-RADS, kwaye ngelixa iphakamisa igama elithi "isifo esiphantsi esiphuthumayo siphumo somoya" esikhundleni se-dose ephantsi-i-RADS-apha yaqhubeka ukungavumelani nokuba le nto ikhona.
Ukuvuvukala ngenxa ye-Airway Irritation
Xa abantu bebhengezwa kwisixa esikhulu sezinto ezivuthayo, izicubu ezinxulumene nezithuthi zabo zonakaliswe. Umonakalo ufana nokutshiswa, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamaseli angaphezulu kunye neendawo ezincinci zokuphuma kwegazi kunye nokuvuvukala ngaphantsi komhlaba.
Xa kuthelekiswa, ukuphendulwa komzimba okuhlukileyo kuyahluke kuba kubandakanya ukuphendula komzimba womzimba. Iindwendwe zomoya zabantu abanesifo esingapheliyo sesifo samapayipi ngenxa ye-RADS ziya kubetha kwaye zibonise iifomiti zefiber, kwaye izicubu zomoya zingabonakali.
Ukuxilongwa kunye noTyango
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuqwalasela i-RADS kunye ne-IIA
- Uxinzelelo lwe-Airway ngokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela, kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane emva kokuba kuvezwe kwinto enomsindo (njenge-chlorine, i-clean agents okanye umsi). Kwi-RADS, oku kwenzeka emva kwangoko kuvezwa okukhulu; kwi-IIA, oku kwenzeka emva kokuncinci, ukuchithwa kwezinto ezininzi.
- Akukho mvelaphi yezikhalazo zangaphambili ze-asthma.
- Iimpawu ziqhubeka zingaphaya kokuqala.
Ngama-RADS, abantu abaninzi bachaza ukuvutha komlilo ngokukhawuleza kwimpumlo nangomphimbo ngexesha lokungcola, kunye neempawu zomoya-moya emva koko okanye emva kweeyure.
Xa umntu sele sele ekhuselekile kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye akukho mlando wephambi kwezikhalazo zamaphaphu, iimpawu zenziwa lula ngokubonakala kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, xa umntu sele sele esele ehlala ixesha elide okanye eninzi, kunzima kunzima ukubonisa ukuba ezi zimpawu zibangelwa ngqo.
Ukuba ugqirha ugxeka i-RADS okanye i-IIA, uya kuqhuba imbali epheleleyo kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo zomsebenzi wamapulmoni ukujonga indlela okanye ukuba imiphunga iye yachaphazeleka njani.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu onama-RADS uza kubonisa ukuphuculwa kancinci kwimpawu emva kokusebenzisa amayeza athile e-asthma (i-bronchodilators njenge-albuterol) kunabantu abane-asthma.
Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvelela, i-oral steroids imiselwe ukuba unciphise ukuvutha kwindlela yokuhamba. I-steroid inhaled imiselwe ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka.
Kuninzi Kangakanani?
Akucaci ukuba kuqhutywe kangakanani ukuvuthwa kweentlungu ezibangelwa iRADS kunye ne-IIA. Izifundo zabasebenzi abandakanyekayo kwiimveliso ezinkulu zeekhemikhali-ezifana ne-chlorine, i-acetic acid okanye i-mustard gesi-uvule-zibonise ukuba i-11% ukuya kwi-57% yabantu abaye bavezwa be-RADS. Kuhlolisiso olulodwa lwabalimi bokucima umlilo abaye bahlanjululwa kwiinqwelo ezivela kwiWorld Trade Centre ngoSeptemba 11, 16% bafumaniswe nge-RADS 1 ngonyaka kamva. Olunye uhlolisiso lwabaqeshwa bonke abane-asthma yokusebenza kwi-4 lifumene ukuba i-RADS imele i-14% yazo zonke iziganeko zengqondo ye-asthma.
Ubugcisa obuninzi bubeka abantu engozini enkulu yokungabikho komsindo okungabangela ukuba i-RADS kunye ne-IIA. I-irritants edlalwa ngokubhekiselele ekuphuhlisweni kwezi zigulo ziquka i-acids ehlukahlukeneyo, i-agent agents, i-bleaching agents, i-chlorine gas, i-diesel exhaust, i-formaldehyde, i-sulfur dioxide kunye ne-isocyanates, eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa kwiiplastiki kunye ne-adhesives.
Nabani osebenza ngezinto ezinobungozi kufuneka aqinisekiswe ngengozi. Amagunya okuSetyenziswa koKhuseleko kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA) ukuba abaqeshi kufuneka babe nezinyathelo zokukhusela ezibandakanya izixhobo zokukhusela, imfundo kunye nemiyalelo malunga nokuba yintoni enokuyenza xa kukho ukungena ngengozi. Ukuba ukrokra ukuba umqeshi wakho akahambisani nale migaqo, qhagamshelana ne-ofisi yakho ye-OSHA yengingqi.
Ngaphandle kwemiphumo yonyango engaphazamisa imisebenzi eqhelekileyo, kukho imiphumo yentlalo kunye nemali ye-RADS kunye ne-IIA ngokunjalo. Oogqirha kunye nabaphandi bayaqhubeka befuna iindlela ezichanekileyo zokuxilongwa kwezi meko ngenxa yobume bezobugcisa nokusemthethweni eziza kubanika izigulane ezichaphazelekayo. Kubantu abavelelekileyo nabalimele kwindawo yokusebenzela, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubalulekile ekufumaneni imbuyekezo kunye neenzuzo.
Okuqukethwe okuhlelwe nguNaveed Saleh, MD, MS, ngomhla we-2/11/2016.
Imithombo:
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