Isifo se-asthma sisigxina esingapheliyo samaphaphu esichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-25 e-United States. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukukhwehlela, ukuqhuma, ukuphefumla, kunye nesifuba esifubeni. Iziphawuliso zeempawu zivela ngenxa yokuzilolonga, izifo zokuphefumula ezinjengobanda obuqhelekileyo, ukuchasana neentlungu ezinjengomoya obandayo kunye ne-aclux reflux, ukuvezwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukeneyo ezifana ne- pollen kunye ne-pet dander, kunye noxinzelelo.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-asthma iyancipha kwaye iyakwazi ukulawulwa ngamachiza afana ne- Singulair okanye i-dose ephantsi- inhaled steroids , kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-bronchodilators emfutshane (esebenzayo njenge- albuterol ) yokuphatha impawu ezisondeleyo.
I-asthma ingaba nzima kwaye kunzima ukuyiphatha, nangona kusetyenziswe imishanguzo enamandla kakhulu, njengemithi ephezulu ye-steroids kunye nemveliso edibeneyo efana ne- Advair , kunye neyonyango ezinjenge- Xolair okanye i- systic steroids ezifana ne-prednisone. I-asthma ephezulu ingakhokelela ekutyelelekeni kwamagumbi okuphuthuma, izibhedlele, kunye nokunciphisa umgangatho wobomi kubantu abajongene nale meko. Iindleko ezinxulumene ne-asthma enkulu e-United States zikhulu kwaye ziluhlu lweedola ezigidi ezingama-50 zamaRandi ngonyaka.
Kwaba bantu abane-asthma enkulu, kufuneka kubekho uhlobo lonyango kulabo abangabonakaliyo ukuphendula kumachiza.
I-bronchial thermoplasty (BT) yonyango elingekhoyo-pharmacologic luboniswe kunyango lwe-asthma enkulu kubantu abangaphendulanga kakuhle kwiyeza eziqhelekileyo ze-asthma. I-BT yavunywa yi-US Food and Drug Administration ngo-2010 ukwenzela unyango lwe-asthma enamandla kwizigulane ezingama-18 nangaphezulu ezazisayi kulawulwa impawu nangona ziqhelekileyo zokwelapha i-asthma.
Bronchial Thermoplasty Basics
I-BT isebenzisa amandla okushisa (ubushushu) kwi-muscle epholileyo ngaphakathi kwimizila ye-airways yemiphunga. Yiyo le misuli evulekileyo eyenziwe yandisa (hypertrophy) kwaye ininzi (hyperplasia) kwimiphunga ye-asthmatics enzima. Ukuqhekeka kwesi sihlunu yintoni ejongene neempawu zesifo se-asthma, kwaye yintoni imithi yokwenza i-asthma ifanelwe ukuphumla (i-bronchodilators) kwaye inqanda impawu ezizezinye (i-slideid inhaled). I-BT yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwecatheter ekhethekileyo efakwe kwi-airways yomphunga ngexesha le- bronchoscopy . I-catheter ifakwa kwi-airways ephakathi kwimiphunga, kwaye amandla okushisa akhululwa. Imimandla eyahlukeneyo yemiphunga iyaphathwa kwiintsuku ezahlukeneyo, kwiseshoni nganye yonyango ehlala phantsi kweyure.
Umsebenzi we-Bronchial Thermoplasty?
Ayaziwa kakuhle ukuba iBT isebenza njani ukuphatha i-asthma, kodwa iingcamango ziquka ukunciphisa imisipha ephosakeleyo kwimiphunga, ukunciphisa imisipha ye-muscle ye-muscle ephosakeleyo kwimiphunga, kunye / okanye ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweekhemikhali ezivuthayo ezivela kwiiseli ezihamba kakuhle emiphakeni.
Amakhulu abantu abagulane baye bafumana unyango lwe-BT, kunye neziphumo zabo ezipapashwe kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zesayensi. Uninzi lwezigulane lunokuncipha kwi-airway reactivity ekuphenduleni i-irritants inhaled (umngeni we-methacholine), ukunciphisa impawu ze-asthma, nokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma ezifuna ukutyelelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthuma okanye izibhedlele.
Kwezinye iimeko, iinzuzo zeBT zazikho kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokufumana unyango.
Imiphumela
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-BT yinkqubo yokunyamezela kakuhle kunye neengxaki ezimbalwa. Uninzi lweengxaki lunobunzima kwaye alufuneki naluphi unyango olunonya. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukunyuka kweempawu ze-asthma, ukuphuhliswa kwezifo zokuphefumula eziphezulu, izihlunu ezixubileyo (i-phlegm), kunye nefuthe le-bronchial. Uninzi lweziphumo ezifanayo zecala yiyo eyenzeka emva kwexesha eliqhelekileyo le-bronchoscopy. Uninzi lweziphumo zempembelelo emva kokuhamba iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kweeveki emva kweBT.
Ukuqwalasela ukuba i-Thermoplasty yeBronchial ikulungele
I-BT ifanele igcinwe kubantu abane-asthma abanamandla abangaphenduliyo kumachiza e-asthma aqhelekileyo, afana nee-steroids ezifakwe kwi-inhaled, i-Singulair, i-theophylline kunye neemveliso ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-Advair okanye i-Symbicort.
Izikhokelo zamazwe ngamazwe ukususela ngo-2014 ukwenzela unyango lwangexesha elide lwe-asthma indawo ye-BT kwicandelo elifanayo njenge-Xolair okanye i-prednisone. Ngako oko, i-BT kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngabantu abane-asthma enzima naphezu kokusetyenziswa kwemithi yesifo se-asthma.
Umthombo:
> Wilhelm CP, iiChipps BE. I-Bronchial Thermoplasty: Ukuhlaziywa kobu bungqina. Ann Annistry Asthma Immunol. 2016; 116: 92-98.